RU2237751C2 - Apparatus for cutting-through of peripheral portion of anode of aluminum electrolyzer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular, maintenance of self-roasting anodes with upper current supply of electrolyzers for aluminum production.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has self-propelled cart, manipulator mounted on cart and composed of extendable and horizontal booms, lever and actuating mechanism fixed on lever and fitted with working tool made in the form of vertical knife adapted for raising, lowering, extending and inclination of actuating mechanism in plane of rotation of extendable boom perpendicular to course of advancement of cart. Horizontal boom includes input, intermediate and output sections, said output section rotating in two mutually perpendicular planes extending perpendicular to plane of rotation of extendable boom. Actuating mechanism is made in the form of frame with guides and support in its lower part mounted on frame of movable carriage. Hydraulic hammer fixed on carriage is equipped with working tool passed through guiding opening in support for rotation around axis extending in parallel with frame guides. Self-propelled cart has rigid suspension with mechanism for fixing of driven axle beam.

EFFECT: improved quality of cutting-through of peripheral potions of anode, including end portions of anode housing under anode frame and under buttresses, and compression of anode mass in upper part of anode.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy, in particular to the maintenance of self-baking anodes used in electrolytic cells for the production of aluminum.

When an aluminum electrolyzer with a top current lead and a self-baking anode is working, anode mass sticks to the upper part of the anode casing, as a result of which a carbon visor is formed around the perimeter of the anode, preventing the anode mass from entering the area under it, and leading to loosening of the coke cake layer during movement of the casing, i.e. to a deterioration in the quality of the anode, an increase in the consumption of raw materials and a decrease in economic and ergonomic indicators.

At some enterprises, the cutting of the periphery of the anode in order to destroy the visor of the caked mass in the upper part of the anode casing is still carried out using a crowbar and a jackhammer, as well as using a metal plate attached to the rod of the pin valve.

The main disadvantages of the first method are hard physical labor and dangerous working conditions.

The disadvantages of using a pin valve include the impossibility of cutting the anode in the end of the casing under the anode frame, the considerable energy consumption of the process due to the large weight of the crane, and the distraction of the pin valve from performing basic operations.

A device is known that is close in technical essence for cutting the periphery of a self-burning anode of an aluminum electrolyzer with an upper current lead, containing a self-propelled trolley made in the form of a knife, a working body secured with a lever on an arrow, which is mounted on the platform and is made with the possibility of articulating raising, lowering and extending perpendicularly go carts. In this case, the working body has a turning mechanism around its axis, and the platform has the ability to move along an axis parallel to the travel of the device [RU 2167959, C 25 C 3/10, 2001].

The main disadvantages of this device include the low quality of cutting the lateral surface of the anode, the increased values of the cutting force and the working loads acting on the knife, due to the rotational-translational nature of the movement of the knife in a plane perpendicular to the side surface of the casing, and rocking the machine. The inability to cut the periphery of the anode at the end of the anode casing due to the inability to install the knife at an acute angle to the end surface of the anode casing, insufficient extension of the boom and limited working stroke of the knife due to the use of a plane-moving horizontal boom. The use of a plane-moving boom also leads to a decrease in the stroke of the knife as its angle of inclination increases relative to the vertical.

The objective of the invention is to provide a machine that allows you to qualitatively cut through the periphery of the anode, including at the ends of the anode casing under the anode frame and under the buttresses, as well as compact the anode mass in the upper part of the anode.

The problem is solved by providing reciprocating motion of the knife with the possibility of vibration impact on the medium; independence of the working stroke of the knife from the angle of its inclination relative to the vertical and the size of the working space of the actuator; the possibility of the required orientation of the knife in the cramped conditions of the working area, as well as fixing the frame of the self-propelled cart relative to the beam of the driven axis.

The desired technical results are achieved by the proposed device for cutting the periphery of the self-burning anode of an aluminum electrolyzer with an upper current lead. It contains a self-propelled truck with a manipulator. The manipulator consists of a retractable and horizontal boom, a lever and an actuator fixed to the lever with a working tool in the form of a vertically located knife, and is configured to provide lifting, lowering, extension and tilt of the actuator in the plane of rotation of the retractable boom, perpendicular to the trolley travel. The horizontal boom is made of inlet, intermediate and outlet sections interconnected vertically and longitudinally arranged by hinges, respectively, with the possibility of rotation of the output section in two mutually perpendicular planes perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the retractable boom. The actuator is made in the form of a frame with guides and a support in its lower part, mounted on the frame of the movable carriage, with a hydraulic hammer fixed to it with a working tool passed through the guide hole of the support. The carriage is movable along the frame of the actuator by means of a hydraulic motor and a chain drive. The actuator is rotatable around an axis parallel to the frame guides due to the fact that the actuator frame and the lever are interconnected by a drive joint, the axis of which is parallel to the frame guides. An opening for attaching interchangeable nozzles is made in the lower part of the knife. The self-propelled cart has a rigid suspension equipped with a mechanism for fixing the beam of the driven axis relative to the frame of the cart. The locking mechanism is made in the form of retractable, by means of hydraulic cylinders, stops, which provide blocking the swinging motion of the beam of the driven axis relative to the longitudinal hinge of its attachment to the frame of the cart.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a General view of a device for cutting the periphery of the anode;

figure 2 shows a General view of the manipulator;

figure 3 shows the guide support of the knife;

figure 4 shows a General view of the locking mechanism of the beam of the driven axis.

The inventive device comprises a self-propelled trolley 1 with a hydraulic actuator, on which a manipulator is installed, consisting of a retractable boom 2, a horizontal boom 3, which is made articulated by means of vertically and longitudinally arranged hinges A and B from the input 4, intermediate 5 and output 6 sections, the lever 7 and an actuator 8, which consists of a guide frame 9, a carriage 10 mounted on it, mounted on a carriage of a hydraulic hammer 11, the working tool of which is a knife 12, passed through a rectangular hole е 13 in the guide support 14, attached to the lower part of the frame 9. The reciprocating movement of the carriage 10 is carried out by a hydraulic motor 15 by means of a chain gear 16. The articulated rotation of the retractable boom 2 relative to the carriage 1 in the plane perpendicular to the course of the carriage is made by the hydraulic cylinder 17, and section 4 relative to the boom 2 - the hydraulic cylinder 18. The rotation of the intermediate section 5 relative to the input 4, in the horizontal plane of the boom 3, is carried out by the hydraulic cylinder 19, and the rotation of the output section 6 relative to the intermediate 5, in the butt The final plane of their cross section is made by the hydraulic cylinder 20. The hydraulic cylinder 21 provides a longitudinal inclination of the lever 7 relative to the output section 6. The rotation of the actuator 8 relative to the hinge C fixed on the lever 7, whose axis is parallel to the guides 22 of the frame 9, is performed by a rotary hydraulic motor 23. The self-propelled carriage 1 is equipped retractable stops 25. The stops 25 are advanced using hydraulic cylinders 24 to fix the beam 26 of the driven axis relative to the longitudinally located hinge 27, with which the beam 26 is attached to the ra ie 28 self-propelled carts 1.

The device operates as follows.

To perform technological operations, a self-propelled cart 1 is installed parallel to the longitudinal side of the cell. The hydraulic cylinders 24 carry out the extension of the stops 25, the frame 28 of the self-propelled cart 1 is fixed relative to the beam 26 of the driven axis along the longitudinal axis of the machine 1. The actuator 8, which is in the transport position, is transferred to the working area by manipulations in the following sequence. The hydraulic cylinders 17 and 18 produce a hinged lifting and extension of the horizontal boom 3, the hydraulic cylinder 19 rotates the intermediate section 5 and, accordingly, moves the actuator 8 to the working area. The knife 12 is turned by the hydraulic cylinder 21 and the rotary hydraulic motor 23 so that the lower pointed part of the knife 12 is installed along the side inside the anode casing with an angle to the vertical of 6 °, with an inclination to the anode. By means of a chain drive 16, a hydraulic motor 15 moves down the carriage 10 with a hydraulic hammer 11, creating pressure on the knife 12, which cuts the periphery of the anode to its sintering cone, and then eliminates roughness and scoring on the anode casing. By reversing the activation of the hydraulic motor 15, the knife 12 is moved up and the cycle of cutting the periphery of the anode is repeated. When the cutting force is increased, the hydrohammer 11 is turned on. Due to the impact energy transmitted from the hydrohammer 11, the knife 12 ensures cutting of particularly strong places on the periphery of the anode.

By tilting the knife 12 with the help of the hydraulic cylinder 20 in the cutting plane, the side surface of the anode is cut under the buttresses. Before cutting the anode in the corners and ends of the anode casing, the actuator 8 with the knife 12 of the hydraulic motor 23 is rotated to the desired angle relative to the hinge C, which is vertically located on the lever 7. Moreover, to cut the end surface of the anode with the hydraulic cylinder 20 of the rotation section 6 of the horizontal boom 3, a knife 12 is mounted at an acute angle to the surface of the anode casing. Manipulating the hydraulic cylinder 21 of the rotation of the lever 7, perform the processing of the entire surface at the ends of the anode casing, including under the frame of the anode. Having fixed in the lower part of the knife 12, where there is a hole, a replaceable nozzle, level and compact the anode mass in the upper part of the anode. Located in the lower part of the frame 9, the guide bearing 14 with the hole 13 contributes to a more stable translational movement of the knife 12 during the operation to cut the surface of the anode.

Positive results of the proposed technical solutions:

1. The design of the actuator in comparison with the prototype provides better cutting of the periphery of the anode, reduces the cutting force and the loads acting on the actuator due to the translational nature of the movement of the knife and the guide support installed in the lower part of the frame, eliminates the dependence of the knife travel on the angle of inclination relative to the vertical.

2. The articulated design of the horizontal boom allows you to increase the working space and the mobility of the actuator, makes it possible to cut the anode along the entire periphery of the anode casing, including its end surfaces, which are located under the anode frame, as well as the anode surfaces under the buttresses.

3. The use of the mechanism for fixing the beam of the driven axis prevents the swaying of the machine caused by the action of workloads, which helps to improve working conditions and improve the quality of technological operations.

The presented positive results are confirmed by production tests carried out in the electrolysis bodies of OJSC "KrAZ" performed according to the claims of the machine for cutting the periphery of the anode.

Claims (6)

1. A device for cutting the periphery of the self-burning anode of an aluminum electrolyzer with an upper current supply, comprising a self-propelled carriage and a mounted on the carriage manipulator, consisting of extendable and horizontal arrows, a lever and an actuator fixed to the lever with a working tool in the form of a vertically located knife, made with the possibility of providing raising, lowering, extending and tilting the actuator in the plane of rotation of the retractable boom, perpendicular to the course of the truck, featuring that the horizontal boom is made of input, intermediate and output sections with the possibility of rotation of the output section in two mutually perpendicular planes perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the retractable boom, the actuator is made in the form of a frame with guides and a support in its lower part mounted on a movable frame carriages with a hydraulic hammer fixed to it with a working tool passed through the guide hole of the support, and with the possibility of rotation around an axis parallel to the guide rails of the frame, and the outrigger has a rigid suspension with a mechanism for fixing the beam of the driven axis. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the horizontal boom of the manipulator are interconnected by hinges. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the carriage is arranged to move along the frame of the actuator by means of a hydraulic motor and a chain drive. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator frame and the lever are interconnected by a drive joint, the axis of which is parallel to the frame guides. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the knife a hole is made for attaching interchangeable nozzles. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for fixing the beam of the driven axis of the self-propelled cart is made in the form of retractable by means of hydraulic cylinders stops.

Images