RU2237166C1 - Method for forming dumps on slopes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes consecutive dumping of rock solids in levels on dumping field. Dump forming is performed by draining dump body, displaced onto slanting portion of slope with snow melting and diluting rock solid, by means of forming load of its upper area and slopes (II level) from side embankments, led along slope and by forming water-draining mines-trenches, ditches with slope at dump area before falling for collecting water, and following dumping is performed at the beginning of lowest (III level), then 1 level and at last stage at level of upper level dumping of IV level is performed for full height of dump.

EFFECT: stabilization of dump-forming while preventing falling of dumps and increasing their capacity.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open development of mineral deposits, in particular when dumping on slopes in conditions of increased deformation up to the collapse of dumps from slopes.

There is a method of dumping upland dumps, in which the formation of tiers is carried out from the upper horizons to the lower using a serpentine descent, and their development from bottom to top [1].

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of its use in steep slopes and the need for detuning the lower tiers under the upper under conditions of deformation of the dumps.

Another method of landfill formation on slopes includes sequential dumping of rocks from the probed to the slope using dump equipment [2].

The disadvantage of this method is the need for sinking in the upper part of the steep slope of the crosshairs, installation of a cantilever spreader from it and its difficulty in operating under high wind loads and snowfalls. At the same time, deformation and collapse of dumps from slopes are not excluded.

There is also known a method of dumping on slopes in mountainous terrain, including dumping dumps in high tiers [3] (prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and staged dumping on the slope due to the fact that the resumption of dumping occurs after attenuation of intense deformation of the dump or its collapse from the slope type mudflow.

The purpose of the invention is the stabilization of dumping with the exception of the collapse of the dumps and increase their capacity.

This goal is achieved by the fact that dumping on a slope in the conditions of a mountainous terrain includes sequential dumping of tiers from top to bottom, and draining the body of a dump slope that has shifted to a shallow section with liquefied rock mass due to melting snow and precipitation, flood and groundwater is carried out by creating a load its upper platform and slopes from the side embankments conducted along the slope, and by conducting drainage workings (trenches, ditches) across the slope on the site of the dump before collapse, which ensures the stability of the ^second tier and reduces its lateral pressure on the lower tiers, which are poured after the ^second tier - first the ^third , and then the ^first and finally the ^fourth , to the full height of the dump.

The essence of the method is as follows.

At high and steep slopes, due to the difficulty to create timely embankments of the required height, the loading of the deforming dump on the gentle part of the slope is carried out by dumping the rock using a discharge mechanism, for example, a dragline mounted on a rocky base or a frozen “grease” behind the collapse prism. Backfilling is carried out until a reduction in the rate of deformation of the blade when squeezing water and compaction of the rock and an increase in resistance forces when adding forward slope on the gentle part of the slope are achieved.

The loading of the dump, which has shifted to the gentle part of the slope, and to exclude the formation of man-made mudflow during snow melt and ingress of melt and groundwater, is carried out from the side embankments constructed from the sides of the dump’s upper platform, initially in the form of a ramp for vehicles (loaders), and then unloading platforms. They carry out dumping of the rock onto the deformable layers of the dump until their deformation stops and a sufficient retaining miter layer is formed, which is dumped onto the gentle part of the slope.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a dump after displacement on a slope before collapse, figure 2 is a diagram of the preparation of a slope at the site of future mudflow by drainage trenches (ditches): and side embankments for loading a liquefied dump body (rock density ρ = ρ _min due to precipitation, melting snow, flood and groundwater); 3 (sectional view A-A) - scheme of forming prigruzochnogo tier (II- ^th stage) blade with the outflow of water in drainage ditches and the seal rock (rock density ρ = ρ _max); in Fig.4 diagrams of the formation of the blade at full height and capacity with tiers I, II, III, IV.

The proposed method for the formation of a multi-tier dump on the slope includes five stages: 1 - preparation of the slope, where the dump reaches its ultimate state before collapse, 2 - summing up the embankment for loading the dump with liquefied rock, and stages 3, 4 and 5 - dumping of tiers II, III, and IV to the full height and capacity of the blade.

The works of the first stage begin with conducting trenches (ditches) on the slope at the place of displacement of dump 1 during deformation 2, liquefaction of rocks 3 (rock mass density ρ = ρ _min ) due to the melting of snow in it, the ingress of liquid precipitation, ground and flood waters, and gathering in front of the prism of the stop 4 before the collapse of the 5 blade.

At the second stage, embankment 6 is brought to this section of the displaced dump to create a dump on the rock body of dumps and its slopes for squeezing and outflow of water along drainage ditches 7.

3- backfilled step II- ^{m th} stage blade, 4- ^th stage - III- ^second tier of blade, and at the final stage at the level of the upper tier by removing water from the body of the blade II- ^tier and reduce its lateral pressure on III tier I pour tier I and then tier IV.

This method of forming a multi-tiered dump ensures stabilization of the dump formation on the slope, eliminates the collapse of the dumps and helps to increase their capacity.

Figure 5 shows the dump “a”, which, until reaching a critical state when shifted to the gentle part of the slope with the formation of a hump-like slope “b”, begins to be loaded by dumping rocks using a mechanism (for example, a dragline) mounted on a rocky base, and forms a new the slope of the dump “c”, which develops with the continued filling of the rocks to the position “g”, when the resistance forces of the layers of rocks dumped in the shallow sections F _cn do not exceed the shear forces F _sd . In this case, a stabilized state of the blade with the cessation of its deformation is achieved. This is evidenced by lower values of shear force F _cd and shear resistance F _cn , which are approximately equal when the deformation of the blade compared with their ratio when loading the blade.

In this case, the total shear forces ΣF _{cd are} much less than the total resistance forces ΣF _cn

ΣF _cd <ΣF _cn

The capacity of the blade increases by 2-3 times or more with steep and high slopes of the mountains in comparison with the traditional method of forming dumps on the slopes.

Figure 6 shows the blade “A” when shifting it to the gentle part of the slope until the limit state is reached. Its loading is carried out from the sides of the original site by holding inclined ramps “B”, which complete the development of unloading sites “B”. They carry out dumping of rocks from them until the lower layers of the dump in the flat section have resistance forces greater than shear forces. In this case, the general contour of the bottom slope will occupy the “G” position, and the contour of the loaded blade will not move to the “D” position.

This invention provides stabilization of dumping on a slope, eliminating its collapse and increasing the capacity of the blade.

Sources of information

1. USSR author's certificate No. 829940, cl. E 21 C 41/26, 1983.

2. USSR author's certificate No. 987102, cl. E 21 C 41/30, 1983.

3. Dumps on the mountain slopes / E.B. Krasnoselsky, G.V. Kalabin, B.K. Ovodenko et al. L .: Science. - 1975. - 152 p. (Prototype)

Claims (3)

1. The method of forming dumps on slopes in mountainous terrain, including sequential dumping of rocks in tiers on a dump field, characterized in that the dumping is carried out by draining the body of the dump, shifted to a gentle slope section with melting snow and liquefied rock, by creating a load of its upper platform and slopes (II tier) from the side embankments led along the slope, and conducting drainage workings - trenches, ditches with a slope in the dump site before collapse to collect water, and the subsequent drainage the hedge is led at the beginning of the lower (third tier), then the first tier, and at the last stage at the mark of the upper tier, the filling of the fourth tier to the full height of the blade is completed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling of the rocks and the loading of the layers of the blade, displaced to the base of the blade, is carried out using a unloading mechanism, for example a dragline, installed at the edge of the slope on a rocky base, and dumping is carried out until deformation the blade will not decrease to the minimum values when creating an advanced retaining layer on the gentle part of the slope. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the embankments from the sides of the deformable dump are carried out from the upper slope of the slope with slopes as ramps to create the initial discharge areas from which the shifted rock layers are loaded in the middle and lower zones of the deformed dump before attenuation its deformations during compaction of the rock mass and the formation of a retaining slope on the gentle part of the slope.

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