RU2236892C1 - Compressed air drying plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: adsorption drying of compressed air.

SUBSTANCE: proposed compressed air drying plant includes two adsorbers with electric heaters arranged inside them and connected with temperature sensors; on the outside of adsorbers there are connecting pipe lines with shut-off fittings which are filled with adsorbent; adsorbers are mounted in metal containers; body of each adsorber is provided with upper and lower air distributors; space between air distributors is filled with adsorbent; electric heaters pass through lower air distributor; air distributors are connected by means of vertical rod whose upper part passes through upper air distributor and enters loading hatch located on adsorber body; other end of said rod holds disk with cruciform guide fitted in unloading hatch located in bottom of adsorber body and connected with lower air distributor.

EFFECT: reduced power requirements; possibility of continuous delivery of cleaned air at dew point of -50 C.

19 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to an adsorption technique for drying compressed air and can be used in various industries to reduce moisture content.

The well-known installation “Sukhovei” for drying compressed air (see Manevich L.O. Transformer oil processing. M: Energoatomizdat, 1985, p. 37, Fig. 23) produces dried air with a dew point of no higher than -50 ° С and supply it into the transformer tank during the entire depressurization time.

Air is dehydrated by zeolites in one of two alternately working adsorbers, into which air is supplied from the dehumidifier through a two-way valve without heating the air.

At the same time, a second adsorber is being prepared for operation and the heater is turned on to regenerate moisture-saturated zeolite.

The installation is powered by compressed air both from the compressor and from the compressed air network at a pressure of not more than 0.8 MPa.

After drying, turn off the heater and cool the zeolites in a natural way.

A disadvantage of the known installation is its long operation, the required degree of air drying is achieved within at least 10 hours, while the operation modes of the adsorbers are switched manually.

The well-known installation for drying compressed air (see the information sheet “Installation of drying air OV-200” of the Kharkov society “ELMOTECHNOLOGIES”, 1991) is intended for drying and cleaning of mechanical impurities of atmospheric air used for drying solid insulation of power transformers in the process installation or repair.

The installation has two adsorbers installed one next to the other and interconnected via a compressed air supply line having a compressor.

The middle part of each adsorber is filled with adsorbents, and in the upper part there is a heater (electric furnace), which is heated to a temperature of + 600 ° C.

Contact thermometers are connected to the adsorbers, which determine the temperature of the electric furnace and the air temperature through the adsorbent up to + 400 ° C.

Compressed air from the compressor is supplied to the lower part of the adsorbers, the sequence of operation of which is determined by butterfly valves.

Drained air at the outlet is cleaned of mechanical impurities in the fine filter.

A disadvantage of the known installation is the unreliability in operation due to the temperature regime - high heating temperature in the upper part of the adsorbers, into which a large volume of compressed air up to 180 m ³ / h is supplied, as well as high energy costs at the time of regeneration of the adsorbent.

Known installation for drying compressed air according to copyright certificate No. 1762992, class. In 01 D 53/26, publ. September 23, 1992 includes a compressor, which is connected to alternately working and regenerated adsorbers made with electric heating elements and connected to the air supply, regeneration and outlet lines with shutoff valves.

The installation is equipped with an ejector, into the nozzle of which low pressure air is supplied from the line through the pipeline.

A vacuum is created in the mixing chamber of the ejector, which draws in desorption products from the regenerated adsorber — moisture and oil vapor, which are removed to the atmosphere from the mixing chamber through the ejector diffuser.

When the regeneration is completed, the adsorber is prepared for drying and air purification, and in the other adsorber regeneration is carried out similarly.

A disadvantage of the known installation is the supply separately of both compressed air and low pressure air from another line for regeneration, which increases labor costs during operation and increases the cost of the adsorption process for drying compressed air.

In a known installation for drying gas, for example, compressed air, according to the copyright certificate No. 1699550, class. In 01 D 53/26, publ. 12/23/1991, there are two adsorbers installed nearby, each of which has a thermally insulated closed casing (housing).

The adsorbers are filled with moisture-absorbing adsorbent and are equipped with two electric heaters located in the casing, while part of the adsorbent layer is covered by one electric heater, and the other part of the adsorbent layer is covered by another electric heater. Adsorbers have connecting pipelines, valves, gates and other shutoff valves.

First, the first part of the adsorbent layer is cooled along the drained gas while maintaining the regeneration temperature in the second part of the adsorbent layer, and then the second part of the adsorbent layer is cooled to operating temperature.

The cooling of the first part of the adsorbent layer is carried out to a temperature lower than the operating temperature, but not lower than the temperature corresponding to the dew point of the gas to be drained.

During regeneration, electric heaters are turned on or off, which are connected to temperature sensors that are separately controlled by an automatic temperature controller.

The cooling of the second part of the adsorbent layer is carried out by a stream of drained gas, which is fed through the cooled first part of the adsorbent layer.

This installation design is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- the separation of the adsorbent in the casing (housing) of the adsorbers into two parts, which are heated separately, complicates the design and increases energy consumption, while the cooling gas is additionally supplied to the adsorber casing, which increases costs and reduces the reliability of the installation and does not provide heating of the entire mass of adsorbent,

- precise temperature control is not provided, the probability of failure of one of the electric heaters eliminates the uniform distribution of hot air in the adsorbers.

The basis of the invention is the task of developing an installation for drying compressed air, ensuring the continuity of the operation of two adsorbers installed in a metal container with alternate automatic switching them from the air drying mode to the adsorbent regeneration mode and the continuous supply of dry purified air to the working area up to 90-360 m ³ / hour with a predetermined temperature, which is maintained automatically by means of instrumentation (temperature and humidity sensors) displayed on the cabinet panel management.

The solution to this problem is provided by the installation for drying compressed air, containing two adsorbers installed nearby, in which electric heaters are located, connected with temperature sensors, on the outside the adsorbers have connecting pipelines with shutoff valves, and inside are filled with adsorbents, due to the fact that the adsorbers are installed in a metal container and in the case of each adsorber there are air distributors - upper and lower, the space between which is filled with adsorbent, and electric heaters about go through the lower distributor and are installed in the adsorbents perpendicular to the distributors, which are connected by a vertical rod, the upper part of which passes through the upper distributor and enters the loading hatch located on the adsorber housing, while a disk with a cross guide is mounted on the other end of the rod, which is installed in the hatch unloading located in the bottom of the adsorber housing and connected to the lower distributor.

To simplify the design, the ring of the upper distributor has a central hole for loading the adsorbent and is installed with a slope from the center to increase the volume of the adsorbent, and the loading hatch on the housing is installed along the axis of the central hole of the upper distributor.

For uniform supply of compressed air over the entire area of the ring, radial cuts are made, and a ring washer is installed in the central hole with the ability to adjust it in height and tightly fix it after loading the adsorbent.

To regulate the adsorbent output, the lower distributor ring has a central hole for unloading the adsorbent and is installed with a bias towards the center for a more complete discharge.

To simplify the design, holes are made over the entire area of the lower distributor ring, through which vertically mounted electric heaters are installed, which are tubular heating elements. A disk with a cross-shaped guide is installed in the central hole of the lower distributor with the possibility of its rise for unloading the adsorbent.

To replace electric heaters, the lower ends of the tubes of the heating elements go outside through the bottom of the adsorber casing and are closed by a metal casing.

To improve the design, an eye bolt is installed at the end of the rod that enters the loading hatch, with which the rod is lifted, while a disk with a cross-shaped guide from the discharge hatch is lifted or a rod with a disk and a cross-shaped guide can be dismantled through the upper distributor behind the eye-bolt .

For reliable overlapping of the upper distributor, ledges are made on the rod, which are located below the level of the upper distributor, while other ring washers are installed on the ledges with the ability to adjust them in height and tightly fix the ring washer in the central hole.

The loading and unloading hatches have quick-release covers that are dismantled when loading or unloading the adsorbent.

A compressor and a fine filter are connected to the connecting pipes of the adsorbers.

The connecting pipes of the adsorbers have quick-detachable elbows that are connected to the loading and unloading hatches.

To supply a small amount of dry air in order to remove the generated steam during regeneration, a smaller section is connected to the quick-fit elbows of the connecting pipe, which is installed between the discharge hatches of the adsorber bodies.

The connecting pipes of the adsorbers have valves with manual or automatic control.

The metal container has doors and partitions, on the walls of which a heat-insulating layer is made.

The metal container of the installation has a control cabinet with a panel of instrumentation.

To control the temperature of the heating elements, at least three heating elements are interconnected by means of a connecting element in the form of a tube in which a temperature sensor is installed connected to the panel of the control cabinet.

The installation container may be mobile.

The technical result achieved by using the invention:

- the design has been improved, the flow of compressed air in the cavity is evenly distributed, which is filled with adsorbent (zeolite) between the upper and lower distributors and over the entire cross section of the adsorber, in which the set temperature is maintained for continuous drying of air without reducing the surface area of heat transfer by reducing the heating element power to 0 , 4 kW by connecting the terminals of two or three heating elements together, which maintains the set temperature and reduces the energy consumption of the installation,

- provides continuous drying of compressed air, i.e. dry air supply does not stop for a second, for example, to a transformer with a temperature of + 20 ° С or + 30 ° С,

- in the regeneration mode of the adsorbent in the adsorber, the temperature is automatically maintained within + 180 ° С - + 650 ° С until the end of the regeneration mode, which excludes the burning and sintering of the zeolite, which is restored qualitatively,

- the temperature in the two adsorbers is automatically maintained using temperature sensors in the air drying mode, and automatic switching from the air drying mode to the regeneration mode is carried out using air humidity sensors installed on the control cabinet panel,

- decreases the operating time of the installation, the average operating time on one adsorber in the air drying mode with a relative humidity of 80% - 8 hours, and at an ambient temperature of 20 ° C, air is dried in 3 days, and the average adsorbent regeneration time is 3-5 hours

- provides quick filling and pouring of the adsorbent (zeolite) in the adsorbers due to the presence of quick-release covers on manholes, quick-detachable elbows with clamps on the connecting pipelines, which facilitates their dismantling, and raising the cross-shaped guide to a small height through the central hole in the lower distributor does not complicate unloading the adsorbent in a separate container,

- it is possible to use zeolite, silica gel or another adsorbent, depending on the type of which the required temperature is set.

The inventive installation for drying compressed air is illustrated by the following description and drawings, where:

figure 1 - frame metal container installation with adjacent adsorbers,

figure 2 - arrangement of adsorbers in the installation,

figure 3 - watering can,

figure 4 - callout I in figure 2,

figure 5 - connection of the terminals of two TENOV together,

6 is an upper distributor (ring),

Fig.7 - lower distributor (ring),

Fig - rod with an eye bolt and a disk with a cruciform guide,

Fig.9 is a view of the installation of ring washers on the rod,

figure 10 - disk with a cruciform guide,

11 - raising the disk with a cruciform guide in the lower distributor.

According to the invention, the installation for drying compressed air is a metal container 1, protected from the external environment, in which two adsorbers 2 and 3 are mounted side by side with electric heaters placed inside them, which are tubular heating elements 4 that are installed vertically in the adsorbent 5 filling adsorbers 2 and 3 (see figures 1, 2).

Inside each adsorber 2 and 3, the upper and lower air distributors 6 and 7 are installed, the space between which is filled with adsorbent (zeolite) 5.

The housing of the adsorbers 2 and 3 has hatches 8 and 9 for loading and unloading the adsorbent 5, while the hatches 8 and 9 are installed on the central axis (see figure 2).

Hatch 8 for loading is located on the canister body, and hatch 9 for unloading is installed in the bottom of the housing 1.

An elliptical fixed cover 10 is installed on top of the adsorber casing 2 and 3, and hatches 8 and 9 have quick-detachable covers 11, which are dismantled when loading and unloading the adsorbent

The material of the adsorbent 5 in the body of the adsorbers is natural or synthetic zeolites, silica gel or another type of adsorbent.

The ring 6 of the upper distributor has a central hole 12 and radial slots 13 for air passage are made over the entire area of the ring (see Fig. 6).

Ring 6 of the upper distributor is installed with a slope from the center to increase the volume of adsorbent in adsorbers 2 and 3.

The ring 7 of the lower distributor has a central hole 14 and, for example, 66 holes 15 are made over the entire area of the ring for installing tubular heating elements 4 through them (see FIG. 2, FIG. 7).

The ring 7 of the lower distributor is installed with a bias towards the center for a more complete discharge of the adsorbent.

The lower ends of the tubes TENOV go outside through the bottom of the housing of the adsorbers 2 and 3 and are closed by a metal casing 16 (see figure 2).

Outside the adsorbers 2 and 3 through the hatches 8 and 9 are connected by connecting pipelines 17 and 18, in which electrified valves 19, 20, 21, 22 are installed with automatic control mode (or valves with manual control).

To the pipe 17 through the pipe 23 is connected to the compressor 24 for supplying compressed air having a noise muffler 25 (see figure 2).

A fine air filter 26 is connected to the pipe 18, having a nozzle 27 for entering the dry cleaned air into the working area (for example, under the bell of the transformer tank) (not shown).

The connecting pipes 17 and 18 have quick-release elbows 28 and 29, which are connected to the hatches 8 and 9 of the loading and unloading of the adsorbent.

To quick-detachable elbows 29 of the connecting pipe 18 is connected to the pipe 30 of a smaller cross section, which is installed between the hatches 9 of the discharge of the bodies of the adsorbers 2 and 3.

The pipeline 30 has an adjustable valve 31 for supplying dry air of a smaller volume from one adsorber to another adsorber (see figure 2).

A vertical rod 32 is installed along the central axis of the adsorber casing 2 and 3, which connects the distributors 6 and 7 to each other, while the rod passes through the central hole 12 of the upper distributor 6, its end enters the loading door 8 and an eye bolt 33 is installed on it ( see figure 2, 8).

An annular washer 34 is installed in the hole 12 of the upper distributor 6, while a pipe element 35 is installed on the rod 32 between the eye bolt 33 and the upper distributor 6, between which and the end of the eye bolt 33 a washer 36 is placed (see Fig. 8).

On the rod 32, ledges 37 are made, which are located below the level of the upper distributor 6, and other ring washers (not shown) are mounted on the ledges 37 with the possibility of adjusting them in height and rigidly fixing the washer 34 in the central hole 12 (see Fig. 8, 9 )

The other end of the rod 32 is rigidly connected to the device in the form of a cruciform guide 38, which is connected to the disk 39. The cruciform guide 38 is installed in the discharge hatch 9 of the adsorbers 2 and 3, while the hatch 9 is connected to the lower distributor 7 in the place of the central hole 14 (see figure 2, 10, 11).

The disk 39 rests on the lower distributor 7, blocking the hole 14 (see figure 2, 7).

A shank 40 is mounted on the disk 39 with the cross guide 38, with which the disk with the cross guide 38 is connected to the shaft 32 (see FIG. 11).

When the rod 32 is lifted by the eyebolt 33, the disk 39 rises and the cross-shaped guide 38 does not completely exit from the opening 14 of the distributor 7 into the cavity of the adsorbers 2 and 3, from which the adsorbent 5 is unloaded through a hatch 9 into a separate container (not shown) (see Fig. .2, 8, 11).

The rod 32 with the disk 39 and the cruciform guide 38 can be dismantled through the hole 12 of the upper distributor b for the eyebolt 33, i.e. fully extend from the body of the adsorbers 2 and 3.

Quick-detachable elbows 28 and 29 of the connecting pipelines 17 and 18 have clamps 41, which serve to unfasten the pipelines from the bodies of the adsorbers 2 and 3 (see figure 2).

Tubular heating elements 4 in adsorbers are connected to temperature sensors 42, i.e. at least three heating elements are interconnected via a connecting element 43 in the form of a tube in which a temperature sensor 42 is installed (see figure 2, 4).

The metal container 1 has a control cabinet 44 with a panel of instrumentation (not shown). The panel through the wires 45 is connected with temperature sensors 42 (see figures 1, 4).

According to figure 5, the findings 46 of the two heating elements 4 are connected together to reduce the power of the heating element to 0.4 kW.

The container 1 has doors 47, which are closed in the regeneration mode, and after regeneration, are open for better cooling of the adsorbers 2 and 3.

To maintain the temperature during operation of the adsorbers, a heat-insulating layer 48 is used, made on the walls of the door 47 and the partitions (not shown) of the container 1 (see figure 1).

A compressor 24, a fine filter 26, and other equipment (not shown) are installed in the container 1.

To load the adsorbent 5 through the hatch 8 into the adsorbers 2 and 3 is a watering can 49 (see figure 3).

The slots 13 in the ring 6 of the upper distributor and the annular gaps 50 around the heating elements 4 in the ring 7 of the lower distributor have dimensions that do not allow the adsorbent 5 to jump out or sleep out on the bottom of the adsorber casing 2 and 3.

The principle of operation of the compressed air dryer is based on the properties of natural and synthetic zeolites to effectively absorb moisture from the air passed through their layer.

In the air drying mode, the compressor 24 pumps compressed air through a pipe 23 into the adsorber 2, while the valves 20 and 21 are open.

The air passes through the slots 13 of the distributor 6 and is evenly distributed over the zeolite 5 filled between the distributors 6 and 7. The surface of the tubular heating elements 4 is heated at a given temperature, while the compressed air is dried at a temperature of + 10 ° С - + 60 ° С.

Next, the dried hot air through the pipe 18 is cleaned in a fine filter 26 and is supplied with a predetermined temperature to the working area, for example, under the bell of a transformer tank to protect it from moisture and dry the solid insulation during repair work.

The set temperature of the dried air in the adsorber 2 is maintained using temperature sensors 42 (see Fig.2, 4).

In the regeneration mode of the adsorbent (zeolite), the valve 31 controls the volume of dry air supply to the adsorber 3, while the temperature of the heating elements 4 is set between + 300 ° С - + 400 ° С and is automatically maintained by temperature sensors 42 until the end of the regeneration mode (see figure 2, 4).

Moisture vapor from the adsorber 3 is removed through an opening 51 made in the elbow 28 of the connecting pipe 17.

In adsorbers 2 and 3, loading and unloading of the adsorbent (zeolite) 5 is provided.

The zeolite is loaded into the adsorbers through the loading hatch 8, while the quick-release elbows 28 are dismantled, the quick-release covers 11 are opened and the hole 12 in the distributor 6 is released from the ring washers 34, where the watering can 49 is installed and the zeolite fills the cavity between the distributors 6 and 7.

The discharge of zeolite from adsorbers is carried out through the discharge hatch 9. With the opening of the quick-release cover 11 of the loading hatch 8, the rod 32 is lifted behind the eyebolt 33 with a special mandrel (not shown), while the disk 39 with the cross-shaped guide 38 is lifted from the hatch 9 and frees the hole 14 in the distributor 7 for pouring out zeolite, to the center in the distributor 7 improves discharge.

The walls 52 of the cruciform guide 38 serve as guides in the discharge hatch 9 for zeolite, which is poured into a separate container (not shown).

To unload the zeolite, quick-release elbows 29 of the connecting pipe 18 are also dismantled to open the quick-release covers 11 of the discharge hatch 9.

The washer 34 in the hole 12 of the upper distributor 6 is height-adjustable using ring washers 53 and 54, while the washers 53 are located on the ledges 37 of the rod 32, and the washers 54 are located under the pipe element 35. The washers 53 and 54 rigidly fix the washer 34 in the central hole the upper distributor 6 (see Fig. 8, 9).

The inventive installation for drying compressed air allows you to continuously supply dry cleaned air with a dew point of -50 ° C to the working area, alternately switching the adsorbers from the air drying mode to the adsorbent regeneration mode.

Claims (19)

1. Installation for drying compressed air, containing two adsorbers installed nearby, in which electric heaters are located, connected with temperature sensors, the adsorbers on the outside have connecting pipes with shut-off valves, and the inside are filled with adsorbent, characterized in that the adsorbers are installed in a metal container and in the housing each adsorber has air distributors - upper and lower, the space between which is filled with adsorbent, and electric heaters pass through the lower distributor and are mounted in adsorbents perpendicular to the distributors, which are connected by a vertical rod, the upper part of which passes through the upper distributor and enters the loading hatch located on the adsorber body, while a disk with a cross-shaped guide is mounted on the other end of the rod, which is installed in the discharge hatch located in the bottom adsorber housing and connected to the lower distributor. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring of the upper distributor has a central hole for loading the adsorbent and is installed with a slope from the center to increase the volume of the adsorbent. 3. Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the loading hatch on the housing is mounted on the axis of the central hole of the upper distributor. 4. Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that radial slots are made over the entire area of the ring, and a ring washer is installed in the central hole with the possibility of adjusting it in height. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring of the lower distributor has a central hole for unloading the adsorbent and is installed with a slope to the center for a more complete discharge. 6. Installation according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that over the entire area of the ring holes are made through which electric heaters are installed, and a disk with a cross-shaped guide is installed in the central hole of the lower distributor with the possibility of lifting for unloading the adsorbent. 7. Installation according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the electric heaters are tubular heating elements. 8. Installation according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that the lower ends of the tubes of the heating elements go out through the bottom of the adsorber casing and are closed by a metal casing. 9. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that at the end of the rod that enters the loading hatch, an eye bolt is installed to dismantle the rod with a disk and a cruciform guide through the upper distributor. 10. Installation according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the ring washer is fixed with other ring washers that are mounted on ledges that are made on the rod and are located below the level of the upper distributor. 11. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading and unloading hatches have quick-release covers. 12. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a compressor and a fine filter are connected to the connecting pipes of the adsorbers. 13. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting pipes of the adsorbers have quick-detachable elbows that are connected to the loading and unloading hatches. 14. Installation according to claims 1 and 13, characterized in that a smaller section is connected to the quick-detachable elbows of the connecting pipe, which is installed between the discharge hatches of the adsorber bodies. 15. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting pipes of the adsorbers have valves with manual or automatic control mode. 16. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the container has doors and partitions, on the walls of which a heat-insulating layer is made. 17. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the container has a control cabinet with a panel of instrumentation. 18. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that at least three heating elements are interconnected using a connecting element in the form of a tube. 19. Installation according to claims 1, 17, 18, characterized in that a temperature sensor is connected to the control cabinet panel in the tube of the connecting element.

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