RU2236774C2 - Method for sowing of tilled crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing strip ripping of soil adjoining row; spreading apart upper layer to depth less than seeding depth by 10-20 mm and width of bottom of 30-35 mm; cutting slit along row line, with width of slit not exceeding width of seed and depth extending to soil layer with stabilized moisture content; ejecting seeds onto bottom and pressing seeds into soil by rolling to seeding depth; mulching furrow with shifted soil. Method is preferably used for sowing of crops such as corn, sunflower, soya, sorghum, sugar beet, cotton.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and provision for simultaneous emergence of young crops.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of row crops: corn, sunflower, soybeans, sugar beets.

A known method of sowing seeds, including cutting and sowing seeds into the groove and filling it with a closing working body, followed by rolling the roller (Belik V.F. Gourds. - M .: 1975, p.143-144)

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to maintain a stable depth of the groove without prior loosening of the soil.

There is also known a method of sowing row crops, including cutting the sowing grooves with a flat bottom to the depth of the moistened soil layer, seeding the seeds into the bottom of the furrow, filling it with soil that is cleaned from the surface to the required sowing depth (prototype. Copyright certificate No. 16570087 A1, class A 01 B 79/02, A 01 C 7/00, 1991).

However, this method has several disadvantages.

Firstly, it is not carried out before spreading to the sides of the soil layer of its preliminary loosening. This leads to the fact that large lumps of soil are formed, with which the sowing groove is then filled up. In addition, a deep groove is cut to a soil layer with stable moisture, and is filled up to the depth of sowing. However, during precipitation, the groove is washed away by the removed soil to the entire depth, from which the seeds cannot germinate. Seeds are discharged to the bottom of the grooves and are covered with displaced soil, followed by rolling. At a sowing speed of 5 ... 7 km / h, the press wheel acts on the soil layer above the seeds for 0.006 ... 0.008 s. During this time, the deformation zone cannot always spread to the depth of sowing and provide volumetric contact of seeds with soil.

These disadvantages are eliminated by using the present invention.

The task of the invention is to increase the emergence of seedlings.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the row area they carry out strip loosening of the soil, dropping seeds into the formed groove, pressing them in by rolling them, followed by embedding the grooves.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the row zone, strip loosening of the soil is carried out, spreading to the sides of the upper layer to a depth less than 10 ... 20 mm of the sowing depth, and the bottom width is 30 ... 35 mm, a slit is cut along the row line with a width no more than the size of the seeds and the depth to the soil layer with stable moisture, seeds are thrown to the bottom and pressed into the soil by rolling to the sowing depth, followed by mulching the grooves with the displaced soil.

Method implementation examples

Example 1. On a compacted soil (seed bed), a layer of finely crushed soil (soil differences 1 ... 5 mm) with a thickness of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm was created. The seeds of three cultures were dropped onto it and pressed by rolling. The obtained data on the coefficient of volumetric contact of seeds with soil are presented in table 1. The optimal layer thickness depending on the crop (seed size) is in the range of 10 ... 20 mm.

Example 2. The method is implemented when working on guide slots or furrows cut during pre-sowing tillage.

Before sowing, determine the depth of the soil layer with stable moisture. A narrow knife placed in front of the seed drill coulter is tuned to this depth. The thickness of the knife is 3 ... 4 mm. Together with the knife, a flat-cutting leg with a working width of 200 ... 250 mm and a furrow cutter with articulated mounted dumps work. The dumps are installed so that after the passage, the groove has a flat bottom with a width of 30 ... 35 mm. This is due to the fact that the seed wheel has a rim with a width of 30 mm.

In the process, a plane-cutting paw loosens the soil to the depth of sowing, a furrow cutter pushes the top layer to a depth less than the depth of sowing by 10 ... 20 mm, and a width that provides a flat bottom width of 30 ... 35 mm. The knife cuts a slot with a depth of 100 ... 120 mm along the row line. The coulter drops the seeds to the bottom, and a rear wheel with a diameter of 400 mm and a rim 30 mm wide presses the seeds to the depth of the sowing, providing volumetric contact with the soil. The plume shifts the previously extended mulching layer of soil into the groove.

The experience showed that sowing seeds according to the proposed method increased the friendliness of emergence of seedlings for sugar beets from 29 to 61%, sunflower from 41 to 53%, corn from 35 to 66% compared with the prototype.

The obtained data on the emergence of seedlings for three cultures are presented in table 2.

When seeds are pressed into a finely crusty layer due to volume contact with soil, they swell and germinate faster. The germinal root quickly penetrates through the gap to the soil layer with stable moisture, providing seedlings with moisture. An overlying mulching, unconsolidated soil layer improves aeration by providing oxygen access to seeds and roots.

Increasing the friendliness of emergence of seedlings ensures the simultaneous passage by plants of all phases of their development, which allows timely and high-quality technical operations to care for crops and harvest.

Claims (1)

A method of sowing row crops, including the cultivation of sowing furrows, sowing seeds in them, followed by backfilling of the furrows, characterized in that in the row zone they carry out loosening of the soil in a row, spreading to the sides of the upper layer to a depth less than 10-20 mm of the sowing depth and width the bottom is 30-35 mm, a slot is cut along the row line with a width of no more than the size of the seeds and a depth to the soil layer with stable moisture, the seeds are thrown to the bottom and pressed into the soil by rolling to the sowing depth, followed by mulching the grooves with the displaced soil.