RU2236393C1 - Complex fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of organomineral fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: composition for producing of complex fertilizer comprises bird dung with moisture content of 50-70%, saw dust with particle size not in the excess of 3 mm, said saw dust being preliminarily subjected to fermentation, upper peat with moisture content of 40-70% and particle size not in the excess of 3 mm, and dolomite flour. Components are used in the following ratio, wt%: bird dung 5-15; upper peat 12-25; fermented saw dust 7-15; dolomite flour 6-20; nitrogen source 13-24; phosphor source 18-30; potassium source 6-15. Such composition allows high-quality fertilizer to be produced, said fertilizer providing plant feeding during the entire growing period and facilitating accumulation of humus layer, when utilized for prolonged time.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of complex fertilizer allowing plants to be supplied with feed and humus layer to be restored.

2 cl, 1 tbl, 10 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of chemistry, in particular to organic fertilizers intended for growing various plants, preserving soil fertility and creating conditions for the accumulation of the humus layer.

The problem of providing plants of various origin with a full range of nutrients during the growing season is associated with the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers.

A known composition for the production of organic fertilizers, including chicken droppings, lime and peat in the following ratio of components, wt. hours:

Chicken droppings 1.0-1.5

Lime 0.1-0.4

Peat 0.3-0.8

(RU 2026271, 01/09/1995)

Known fertilizer contains small doses of nutrients and therefore requires high doses of soil.

Known fertilizer obtained by microbiological transformation of a mixture of lignin with sawdust and bird droppings and enriched with mineral fertilizers (RU 2099917, 12.27.1997).

This fertilizer also contains a small amount of all the necessary minerals.

Introduction to fertilizers of macro- and micronutrients (aluminum, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, iodine, selenium, bromine, fluorine, arsenic, boron) has a known effect on plant development, and the use of each of these macro- and micronutrients can be enhanced by the introduction of not only other chemical elements from the above, but also other biogenic elements.

Hormones of plant growth and development can be attributed to these biogenic elements. The most accessible nutrients include derivatives of gibberellic acid, mainly its salts.

So, for example, bioorganineral fertilizer is known that contains water-soluble salts of mono-, divalent cations and inorganic acids as a mineral component, containing potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen in bound form, as a biological component - manure of farm animals and bird droppings processed by microbiological fermentation and active the biomass of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and microorganisms that decompose compounds containing potassium and phosphorus, and molybdenum is used as trace elements, boron, as well as the sodium salt of gibberellic acids, and as an organic compound peat, and / or sawdust, and / or wastes from processing agricultural vegetable products (RU 2184718, July 10, 2002).

The disadvantage of this fertilizer is the need to introduce a growth stimulator of microorganisms into it and significant doses of its introduction into the soil.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a complex organomineral fertilizer containing a chemically disinfected fecal component and a mixture of brown coal and waste with organic additives as an organic component, and sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and phosphate rock wastes or ash dumps as a mineral component allowing to provide high agrotechnical indicators of fertilizers and preservation of soil fertility. In particular, it may contain bird droppings, sawdust, peat extraction waste, ammonium sulfate, urea, phosphate rock, potassium salts, etc. As a rock-forming mineral, the fertilizer contains glauconite (RU 2165401, 04/20/2001).

A disadvantage of the known fertilizer is the use of brown coal, since it requires only highly oxidized brown coal, the reserves of which are very unevenly distributed. However, it should be noted that brown coal of this quality is characterized by low calorific value, which limits its production as fuel. At the same time, the production of such coal for fertilizers is not economically justified. At the same time, it should be noted that the decomposition of coal in the soil under the influence of microorganisms proceeds very slowly, which reduces the effectiveness of organic fertilizers with its use. Peat stocks, on the contrary, are quite numerous, which makes it possible to produce organic fertilizers in various fields, reducing production costs.

In the known organic fertilizer, the use of sawdust is also contemplated. However, without preliminary preparation, sawdust in the soil decomposes very slowly, and in addition, the microorganisms that decompose wood pulp absorb nitrogen very intensively, which ultimately leads to a lack of nitrogen. The latter dramatically reduces the effectiveness of the fertilizer used.

The objective of the present invention is to improve the quality of fertilizer by improving its technological and operational characteristics, in particular, ensuring effective nutrition of plants throughout the growing season, maintaining this result for at least 2 years and the accumulation of the humus layer with prolonged use of fertilizer.

The problem is solved by the described composition for producing complex fertilizer containing bird droppings, solid fossil fuels of humic origin, sawdust, sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and rock-forming mineral, and the composition contains components with the following characteristics: bird droppings with a humidity of 50-70%, sawdust with a particle size of not more than 3 mm, subjected to preliminary fermentation, as a solid combustible fossil of humic origin - horse peat with a moisture content of 40-70% and a particle size of e more than 3 mm and as a rock-forming mineral contains dolomite flour and at the same time it contains components in the following ratio, wt.%:

Bird droppings 5-15

Peat horse 12-25

Fermented sawdust 7-15

Dolomite flour 6-20

Sources of nitrogen 13-24

Sources of phosphorus 18-30

Sources of Potassium 6-15

Preferably, as nitrogen sources, it contains substances selected from the range: ammonium sulfate, urea, ammophos, or mixtures thereof.

Preferably, as sources of phosphorus, it contains substances selected from the range: phosphorite flour, ammophos, superphosphates or mixtures thereof.

Preferably, as sources of potassium, it contains potassium salts selected from the range: chloride, sulfate, calimagnesia, or mixtures thereof.

Achieving a high technical result is ensured in the volume of the entire claimed set of features, and when going beyond the stated intervals, the fertilizer efficiency decreases.

So, for example, the introduction of bird droppings with a humidity of 50-70% in an amount of 5-15% by weight provides a quick effect of the nutrient mixture and at the same time allows you to utilize bird droppings without additional processing (composting, drying, etc.), supporting vital soil microorganisms.

In the proposed composition, horse peat is used, preferably with a degree of decomposition of not less than 12% in an amount of 12-25% by weight, which is an organic sorbent, improves the soil structure and, when decomposed, participates in the accumulation of the humus layer. Before use, peat is sieved through a sieve with a mesh of not more than 3 mm, separating impurities.

Sawdust with a particle size of not more than 3 mm is preliminarily kept in contact with a solution of urea or ammonium sulfate for 10-20 days for preliminary fermentation. In this case, the composition is more easily exposed to soil microorganisms without consuming soil nitrogen. Adding treated sawdust to the mixture improves the soil structure, improves the moisture-air regime in it, and promotes the accumulation of organic matter.

The declared content of mineral power sources, including: carbamide, ammonium sulfate, phosphate rock, ammophos, simple superphosphate, double superphosphate or mixtures thereof, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium carbonate or mixtures thereof in various ratios, provides an optimal ratio of the main nutrition elements suitable for various types of soil and crops.

The composition also contains dolomite flour, which complements the fertilizer with calcium and magnesium, maintains the required pH level, and also acts as a deoxidant in the secondary oxidation of the soil during the decomposition of peat.

The proposed complex fertilizer is prepared as follows.

Before receiving fertilizers carry out preliminary preparation of raw materials. Peat and sawdust are sieved through a sieve with a 3 mm mesh, removing impurities and coarse fractions. Then, coarse fractions are subjected to additional grinding and fractions of 3 mm or less are sieved again. After sieving, the sawdust is placed in a separate container and poured with a saturated solution of ammonium sulfate per 1 kg of sawdust 20 g of nitrogen. The mixture is kept under periodic stirring for 10-20 days (depending on the ambient temperature).

Then in a mixer of any type are sequentially loaded: sawdust, bird droppings, peat, nitrogen sources, phosphorus sources, potassium sources, and then dolomite flour. After making all the reagents, the composition is kneaded to a homogeneous mass (mixing time depends on the type of mixer), unloaded and incubated in air at room temperature for 24 hours. Ready-made organic fertilizers are odorless, homogeneous, partially granular, friable mass.

The following are examples of specific formulations and shows the effect achieved when using them.

Example 1. Organomineral fertilizer contains, wt.%:

Litter of birds 5

Fermented sawdust 15

Peat Horse 12

Ammonium Sulphate 16

Carbamide 8

Dual Superphosphate 3

Phosphorite flour 15

Potassium chloride 6

Dolomite flour 20

The ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 0.6: 0.5. The composition is enriched with nitrogen and is used for growing seedlings of vegetable and flower crops, lawns, green crops, etc. The yield of green mass increases by 30-45% compared with mineral fertilizers in the same quantities and ratios of nutrients.

Example 2. Organomineral fertilizer contains, wt.%:

Litter of birds 15

Fermented sawdust 7

Peat Horse 25

Ammonium Sulfate 13

Ammophos 20

Potassium Sulphate 10

Dolomite flour 10

The ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 2: 0.9. The composition is enriched in phosphorus and gives the best results on the lands of 5 and 6 zones of cultivation. The aftereffect is noted for 2 years.

Example 3. The composition contains, wt.%:

Litter of birds 10

Fermented sawdust 10

Peat Horse 20

Carbamide 13

Phosphorite flour 25

Potassium chloride 4

Potassium carbonate 4

Dolomite flour 14

The ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 0.86: 0.74. The composition is enriched with organic matter, and the best results are observed on sandy soils. Long-term use ensures the accumulation of the humus layer.

Example 4. The composition contains, wt.%:

Litter of birds 7

Sawdust 12

Peat 15

Ammonium Sulphate 15

Phosphorite flour 30

Potassium Sulphate 10

Potassium carbonate 5

Dolomite flour 6

The ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 2: 2.4. The composition is enriched in phosphorus and potassium, which gives good results when feeding wood and shrub crops.

Example 5. The composition contains, wt.%:

Litter of birds 8

Sawdust 10

Peat 15

Ammonium Sulphate 11

Carbamide 6

Phosphorite flour 25

Potassium chloride 10

Dolomite flour 15

The ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 0.94: 1.2. The composition has a high potassium content, which provides better results for potatoes, tomatoes and other crops requiring a high potassium content.

Example 6. The composition contains, wt.%:

Litter of birds 8

Sawdust 7.5

Peat 12

Ammonium Sulfate 24

Phosphorite flour 27

Potassium sulfate 10.5

Dolomite flour 11

The ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1. The ratio of nutrients is equal, which favorably affects the development of plants requiring approximately the same doses of basic nutrients.

Example 7. The composition contains, wt.%:

Litter of birds 15

Sawdust 15

Peat 25

Ammonium Sulfate 13

Simple superphosphate 18

Potassium chloride 6

Dolomite flour 8

The ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1.7: 1.3. The composition is enriched in phosphorus and potassium on the background of a high organic content, which provides better results in land reclamation.

Example 8. The composition contains, wt.%:

Litter of birds 10

Sawdust 11

Peat 17

Carbamide 13

Ammophos 18

Potassium chloride 15

Dolomite flour 16

The ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1.15: 1.1. A composition with a high content of nutrients gives the best results when growing various crops at relatively low doses of fertilizers.

Example 9. The composition contains, wt.%:

Litter of birds 8

Sawdust 7

Peat 12

Carbamide 24

Ammophos 30

Potassium chloride 15

Dolomite flour 7

The ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1.1: 0.6. The composition gives the best results on crops that consume large quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Example 10. The composition contains, wt.%:

Litter of birds 8

Sawdust 10

Peat 12

Ammonium Sulfate 18

Phosphorite flour 28

Kalimagnesia 15

Dolomite flour 9

The ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1.4: 1.8. The composition against the background of a relatively low organic content contains a high content of phosphorus and potassium, which is best affected by its use under root crops, especially sugar beets.

The effect achieved by using the components of organic fertilizers is presented in the table.

As can be seen from the above data, a complex organomineral fertilizer has been created, which contains organic and mineral components, which allow to ensure high agrotechnical indicators of fertilizers and preserve soil fertility.

Claims (4)

1. Composition for producing complex fertilizer containing bird droppings, solid fossil fuels of humic origin, sawdust, sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and rock-forming mineral, characterized in that it contains droppings of birds with a humidity of 50-70%, sawdust with a particle size not more than 3 mm, subjected to preliminary fermentation, as a solid combustible fossil of humic origin - horse peat with a moisture content of 40-70% and a particle size of not more than 3 mm and contains dolomite mu as a rock-forming mineral at the following component ratio, wt.%: Bird droppings 5-15 Peat horse 12-25 Fermented sawdust 7-15 Dolomite flour 6-20 Sources of nitrogen 13-24 Sources of phosphorus 18-30 Sources of Potassium 6-15 2. The composition for producing complex fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains substances selected from the range of ammonium sulfate, urea, ammophos or a mixture thereof as sources of nitrogen. 3. The composition for producing complex fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that as sources of phosphorus it contains substances selected from a number of phosphorite flour, ammophos, superphosphates, ammophos, or mixtures thereof. 4. The composition for producing complex fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that as potassium sources it contains potassium salts selected from the series chloride, sulfate, calimagnesia, or mixtures thereof.