RU2234968C1 - Dust catcher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: dust catcher device production.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is intended for dust trapping. In the dust catcher there are hydraulically connected dust separating elements with conical surfaces, ensuring rotary movement of a dusty air inside the body. All the dust-separating elements are placed coaxially and each of them is made of three cavities formed by four coaxial with a vertex atop conical surfaces. At that the upper and lower surfaces reach the axis and the middle surfaces are truncated. The lower cavity has an intake on a tangential of a dusty stream, the upper cavity has an outlet of the purified stream and the middle cavity has an outlet of a dust-enriched stream. At that both intakes and corresponding outlets of all elements are linked hydraulically in parallel. The technical result is increased efficiency of the dust- catcher operation and decreased its overall dimensions and cost.

EFFECT: the invention allows to increase efficiency of the dust- catcher operation, to decrease its dimensions and cost.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for collecting dust using centrifugal forces in a dusty gas stream and can be used in cement, silicate, asphalt concrete and other dust generating plants.

Cyclones are known that use the effect of moving a speck of dust under the action of centrifugal force arising from the movement of a dusty stream inside a cone along spiral paths with decreasing radius of curvature and increasing tangential velocity on these trajectories. The flow is tangential in the upper part of the cyclone, and an outlet pipe is installed in the center of the structure, due to which the flow is rotated through 180 ° and removed from the cyclone [1].

The disadvantage of cyclone is its lack of performance, i.e. the impossibility of cleaning one large cyclone of large amounts of dusty air from small particles. This is explained by the fact that in order to increase the consumption of dusty air, it is necessary to increase the size of the cyclone, and at the same time, the path of dust particles to its wall, i.e. worsen dust collection conditions. To clean large air flows, cyclone batteries, bag filters and / or electrostatic precipitators must be installed.

A device for dry air cleaning from dust, comprising a housing with upper inlet and outlet nozzles, a hopper located inside the housing, communicating with the inlet nozzle, a hollow shaft with a conical plate package fixed to it, which is equipped with a partition with blades mounted under the outlet nozzle, is installed on the shaft above the plate package, and in the plates, except for the bottom, and in the partition, holes are made that form channels parallel to the axis of the shaft and communicating cavities between the plates, in the middle part with a cavity orpusa above the partition [2].

The disadvantage of this device is the need for an external supply of mechanical energy, the complexity of the design and the relatively low consumption of dusty air.

The objective of the invention is to accelerate the achievement of a speck of dust by a centrifugal force, simplifying the separation of the flow into parallel branches and the rejection of the external supply of mechanical energy.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the dust collector, reducing its size and cost.

This is achieved by the fact that in the dust collector containing hydraulically connected dust separation elements with conical surfaces providing rotational movement of dusty air inside the housing and piping inlets for tangentially inlet of the dusty stream and the release of the cleaned stream, as well as dust collection bins, dust separation elements are aligned and each of them is made in the form of three cavities formed by four coaxial, with the top at the top conical surfaces, with the upper and lower the surfaces reach the axis, and the middle surfaces are truncated,

- the lower cavity has an inlet tangentially to the dusty stream, the upper one has the outlet of the cleaned stream, and the middle one has the outlet of the dust-enriched stream, both the inlets and the corresponding outlets of all elements are connected hydraulically in parallel;

- the middle cavities of all elements are hydraulically connected to a common hopper having a metered release of gas;

- and the truncated surface of each element adjacent to the first cavity has a radial slot on top for collecting dust into the middle cavity.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that

- the proposed design provides a small path for particle movement to a conical surface and reduced dimensions of the entire device due to the parallelization of the flow and the coaxial arrangement of dust separation elements, which have pairwise common extreme conical surfaces;

- the flow rate of the dust-enriched stream from the middle cavity of the dust-collecting element is regulated and, due to the low flow rate of this flow, the speed of dust particles is small and, therefore, they can settle in the hopper.

The drawing shows a diagram of a dust separation element.

Each element of the device contains hollow conical surfaces 1 and 2 and truncated conical surfaces 3 and 4. The cavities between the surfaces are indicated by the letters a, b, and c. The cavity “a” has a tangent inlet 5 of the dusty stream, and the cavity “c” has a tangent inlet 6 of the cleaned stream. The cavity “b” is located in the middle between the truncated conical surfaces 3 and 4, and in the upper part of the surface 4 there are slots 7 for the passage of dust into the cavity “b” from the cavity “a”. Below is a hopper 8 for collecting dust, a crane 9 for dosed release of gas from the hopper into the atmosphere. To collect gas flow from individual elements, there is a common pipe 10 for a dusty stream, a common pipe 11 for collecting a cleaned stream, and a common pipe 12 for collecting a dusty stream.

The device operates as follows.

The dusty air stream flows tangentially into the inlet 5 of the cavity “a” with a certain speed V. Moving in a spiral in this inter-conical cavity, each dust particle will be under the action of centrifugal force and therefore will move radially from the axis to the inner surface 4. Having reached the surface , each particle will continue to move in a spiral, i.e. rotating, it will approach the axis of the cone. Having reached the gap 7, the dust particle will “fall” into this gap and will be in the cavity “b” for dust. From here, the speck of dust will slowly move into the hopper 8 due to the small opening of the crane 9.

The slowness of the movement of dust particles and the enrichment of the flow of dust are associated with a low gas flow rate in the cavity “b” and the movement of dust particles from surface 4 there.

The parallel combination of many of these dust separation elements allows the use of a dust collector for high dusty flow rates.

Sources of information

1. A guide to dust and ash collection. - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1983, p. 56.

2. A.S. USSR N 1225601, B 01 D 45/14, 1986.

Claims (1)

A dust collector containing hydraulically connected dust separation elements with conical surfaces providing rotational movement of dusty air inside the housing and piping inlets for tangentially inlet of the dusty stream and the release of the cleaned stream, as well as dust collection bins, characterized in that the dust separation elements are aligned and each of them is made in the form of three cavities formed by four coaxial, with the top at the top conical surfaces, with the upper and lower top the nostrils reach the axis, and the middle surfaces are truncated, the lower cavity has an inlet tangentially to the dusty stream, the upper one has the outlet of the cleaned stream, and the middle one has the outlet of the dust-enriched stream, both the inlets and the corresponding outlets of all elements are connected hydraulically in parallel, the middle cavities of all elements are hydraulically connected to a common hopper having a metered discharge of gas, and the truncated surface of each element adjacent to the lower cavity has a radial slot for collecting dust into the middle cavity.