RU2234617C2 - Hydraulic machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed hydraulic machine is designed for converting head of water into mechanical and electric energy. Proposed multistory hydraulic machine has skeleton firmly coupled with foundation, dam and piers on upper platforms of which load-bearing frame is encased in concrete to which skeleton of hydraulic machine is connected by its upper part. Load-bearing frame carries housing with bearings into which cylindrical shaft is fitted on which main and actuating eccentric connecting rods are secured by separate disks-eccentrics. Skeletons of chambers made in form of vertical shaft hermetically divided in storeys by covers are secured on base of hydraulic machine skeleton. Each said chamber accommodates working chamber in which square-section piston is installed which divides inner space of working chamber into underpiston and overpiston spaces. All pistons at all storeys are interconnected by rods. Upper end of upper rod is hinge-connected to common axle of narrowed power walls of main eccentric connecting rod. Side of hydraulic machine skeleton from side of upper pond of dam is called delivery side, and opposite side of skeleton from side of lower pond is called suction side. Drum-type distributors are secured at levels of all storeys of hydraulic machine on skeleton from side of upper and lower ponds. Distributors are interconnected and are set into reciprocation and rotation by chain control system of drive provided with actuating eccentric connecting rod mounted on one common cylindrical shaft with main eccentric connecting rod. Under action of pressure differential, pistons move to lower negative pressure side, and rectilinear translational movement of piston is converted by main connecting rod into rotation of cylindrical shaft, and generator connected to shaft generates electric energy.

EFFECT: increased power output, reduced consumption of water.

14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydropower, is intended to convert the pressure force of the water, which is determined by the presence of the difference in the water level marks in front of the dam (upper downstream - WB) and behind the dam (lower downstream - NB) into mechanical or electrical energy, and the design and operation of the invention to piston machines.

A device is known in which the force of the water pressure is used for the vertical translational movement of the pistons and for converting the energy of the flow of hydraulic fluid into mechanical or electrical energy, which is the closest prototype of the present invention.

Such a device is a "Hydropneumatic hydrogenerator", USSR patent, F 03 13/12, 17/00, No. 1611225, (22) 11.29.85, ed. Tibor Kendery.

The invention relates to hydropower. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the hydrogenerator by ensuring the operation of the pump in the region of its optimal modes when changing water levels in the upper and lower pools. The hydrogenerator comprises a vertical guide block fixed at the bottom of the reservoir, made in at least one shaft 2 with holes 3 and 4 in the side wall 5 near the bottom 1 of the reservoir located in the dam 6, a weighted float 7 mounted in the guide block with the possibility of vertical movement on the guide rollers 26, a double-acting piston pump 8 for pumping hydraulic fluid in a closed circuit, the piston 9 of which is made using a connecting element made in the form of adjustable length e of the rod 10, connected to the float 7, a pneumatic accumulator 11, communicated through pressure pipelines 12 with pumping cavities 8, a receiving tank with an energy converter 14 located therein, mainly in the form of a turbine and a suction pipe 15. The cavity 16 of the shaft 2 is connected to the atmosphere and through holes 3 and 4 - with the upper and lower pools 17 and 18 of the reservoir. The hydrogenerator is equipped with an automatic control device for the shutters 19 and 20, a actuator for changing the length of the rod 10, including a hydraulic cylinder 21 and pumps 22 and 23, and sensors 24 of the upper and lower water levels. The hydrogenerator also has a collector 25 in communication with the inlet of the pipeline 15. When the shutters 19 and 20 are alternately opened, the water periodically filling the watch 2 raises and lowers the float 7, which, by means of the rod 10, the length of which is regulated depending on the liquid levels in the pools 17 and 18 activates a pump that injects hydraulic fluid into a pneumatic accumulator 11, which then goes to an energy converter 14, which can be connected to an electric generator, and then to the pump inlet 8.

As can be seen from the description and in the two drawings, the hydropneumatic hydrogenerator is presented in the form of a simple idea, for the implementation of which it is necessary to refine the entire structure at the levels of many subsequent inventions.

1. At the bottom of the reservoir 1 is shown a foundation in the form of a knoll, on which a vertical guide block is installed, made in the form of a shaft 2 and a dam 6, inside of which there is a weighted float 7 with the possibility of vertical movement on the guide rollers 26, the design of which is unknown and how they are fixed also unknown.

2. A double-acting piston pump 8 is installed on the unknown upper floor of the shaft 2 for pumping a separate hydraulic fluid in a closed loop. The pump 8 has a piston 9, which through the rod 10 is connected to the float 7 by means of hinges 27 and 28, allowing to compensate for distortions. Therefore, distortions during movement of the float 7 are provided, and this is unacceptable in piston devices.

3. The cavity 16 of the shaft 2 is in communication with the atmosphere and through openings 3 and 4 with the upper and lower pools 17 and 18 of the reservoir.

4. The hydrogenerator is equipped with an automatic control device for the shutters 19 and 20. It is not known: the device itself, where it is located, how it interacts with the shutters and how it controls them.

5. The hydrogenerator is equipped with a actuator for changing the length of the rod 10, including a hydraulic cylinder 21 and pumps 22 and 23, and sensors 24 of the upper and lower water levels. Cylinder 21 and pumps 22 and 23 are located in the inner cavity of the float 7. In this case, the design of gear pumps and the cylinder is unknown, how they change the length of the rod 10, how and how signals from two sensors 24 of the upper and lower water levels in the downstream flows.

6. When the shutter 20 is opened, water under the pressure of the upper pool enters the inner cavity 16 of the shaft 2 and the float 7 rises only not under the influence of the water pressure, but under the action of Archimedean force to the top dead position, raising the piston 9 through the rod 10 to the top dead provisions to create the necessary higher pressure in the supra-piston cavity of the pump 8, which is necessary for compressing the air in the pneumohydroaccumulator 11 to the required pressure shown on the pressure gauge 33. At the same time, the filling rate of water When the float 7 rises, the subfloat cavity only upwards depends on the live section of the hole 4 and on the pressure of the water pressure. And since the float 7 and the piston 9 are connected by a common rod 10, therefore, the piston 9 also rises upward and pumps the hydraulic piston fluid into the pneumatic accumulator so many times less in volume, how many times the area of the piston 9 is less than the area of the float 7. When this part of the Archimedean force is lost on air compression in the pneumohydroaccumulator 11.

When closing the shutter 20 and while the shutter 19 is open, water, under the action of its own gravity and gravity of the weighted float 7, flows out of the hole 3 more slowly, since water overcomes the resistance of the hole 3, and the weight of the weighted float 7 is optimally limited, since when the weight of the float increases 7 above the optimum allowable correspondingly decreases the lifting Archimedean force when climbing up. And with the slow lowering of the float 7 down, the productivity of the pump 8 decreases accordingly and even less hydraulic fluid is supplied to the transducer 14.

7. The hydrogenerator actually contains two complex dependent systems: a float system 7 with a drive for changing the length of the rod 10 and a pump system 8 with additional equipment.

The first system is designed for optimal conditions when changing water levels in the upper and lower pools.

The second system is designed to increase the pressure of the hydraulic fluid and supply it to the transducer 14, which only after that will rotate the wheel of the transducer 14 and generate mechanical or electrical energy. But the increase in pressure of the hydraulic fluid occurs by reducing its volume and the power of its flow to convert it into mechanical or electrical energy. In this case, the fluid flow is interrupted in the collector 25. Therefore, such a discontinuous two-stage system does not increase the efficiency. In this case, the pump 8, shown in figure 1, is generally inoperative. For its operability, it is necessary to install two non-return valves in the pressure pipe 12 and in the suction pipe 15: two of which must pass the liquid from the suction pipe 15 into the sub-piston and supra-piston cavities, and the other two must pass the liquid from the above cavities into the pressure pipe 12. the valves must be installed, respectively, above and below the dead positions of the piston 9. Even after installing additional check valves in the pneumatic accumulator, a pressure reduction is provided compressed air, which is compensated by supplying it through a refueling valve 34 of compressed air.

8. In the dam 6 of the hydrogenerator several shafts can be made 2. The dam 6 itself may consist of sets of shafts docked together. Figure 2 to the main dam to its ends attached other dams in the form of dangling contours of dams. Therefore, dams and hydrogenerators can only be located at a horizontal level. In figure 1, at the top of the shaft 2, an pump 8 is installed on an unknown overlap, the piston 9 of which and the rod 10 are pivotally connected to the downstream float 7. Therefore, it is not possible to place a second hydrogenerator over one hydrogenerator. The shaft of one converter 14 cannot be connected to the shaft of the second converter 14 in order to increase power, since the hydrogenerators can only work individually and each is equipped with its own individual bulky equipment.

Based on only these listed common features, we can conclude that the hydropneumatic hydrogenerator is a complex low-productivity device, cannot be applied on the scale of any industry, but can be made in the form of a complex bulky laboratory setup, in which the converter 14 can only have a loading wheel least power. And therefore, the hydrogenerator cannot convert the energy of the water pressure directly into mechanical or electrical energy.

The possibility of converting the pressure force of water directly into mechanical or electrical energy was determined only after the independent invention "Eccentric connecting rod" was invented according to Russian patent No. 2178106 from (22) 16.02.1999, (51) G 16 H 21/18, published ( 46) 01/10/2002. Bull. No. 1, ed. Kuzin A.A.

The invention of "Eccentric connecting rod" relates to mechanical engineering and relates to the creation of a gear for converting movement using cranks and eccentrics. The connecting rod has an eccentric disk with a round hole, through which the eccentric disk is mounted on a cylindrical shaft and is rigidly fixed to it. The eccentric disc is connected by a rolling element to the connecting rod link. The connecting rod link is connected to the executive link, which has the ability to reciprocate. The center of the hole of the eccentric disk is offset from the center of this disk by the distance of the crank radius. The radius of the eccentric disc is greater than the sum of the radius of the crank and the radius of the shaft. The rollers are placed on the surface of the outer diameter of the eccentric disk and are surrounded by clips, an annular body and power walls that make up the connecting rod link. These walls are made with narrowed ends with holes. The common axis of the articulated joint of the connecting rod link with the executive link is inserted into these holes. The eccentric disk and the cylindrical shaft are rotatable around one common axis passing through the center of the eccentric hole of the eccentric disk and along the axis of the cylindrical shaft. The technical result of the invention is to reduce the cost of manufacturing an eccentric connecting rod and to increase its performance.

The eccentric connecting rod will find wide application as a replacement for crank mechanisms: in internal combustion engines, propulsors, in presses, in metal-cutting or in other processing machines. This assumption is confirmed by theoretical calculations, the unique advantages and capabilities of an eccentric connecting rod, its high efficiency and the absence of similar analogues that have the same advantages and capabilities as an eccentric connecting rod.

As a result of the named replacement, new devices and machines may appear and already appear, and existing and existing ones will gain new qualities and capabilities.

Therefore, as a result of the wide possibilities of using an eccentric connecting rod, it was possible to invent a completely new “Hydraulic Machine”, in which, when the eccentric connecting rods interact with the pistons, it was possible to directly convert the pressure force of water into the torque of a straight cylindrical shaft to generate mechanical or electrical energy.

In the present application, the invention "Hydraulic machine" is presented as follows.

Figure 1 shows one seven-story ″ Hydraulic ″ in a static position in section along BB in figure 2.

Figure 2 shows two single ″ hydraulic machines ″ in the context of aa in figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a section of the three upper floors on BB in figure 2.

Figure 4 shows a section of the three upper floors at the time of the working position of the circular part of the eccentric connecting rod, rotated counterclockwise to the left by an angle α.

Figure 5 shows a section of the three upper floors at the time of the working position of the circular part of the eccentric connecting rod, rotated counterclockwise to the right by an angle θ = 180 °.

Figure 6 shows a section of the three upper floors at the time of the working position of the circular part of the eccentric connecting rod, rotated to the right by an angle α.

7 shows a separate chamber with a piston assembly.

On Fig shows a working chamber.

Figure 9 shows the piston assembly.

Figure 10 shows a chain control system for distributing water to the three upper floors in a section along G-G in figure 2.

In Fig.11 shows a ″ hydraulic machine ″ in the context of DD in Fig.10.

On Fig shows a drum water dispenser for each floor ″ Hydraulic ″ in the context of EE in figure 10.

On Fig shows a seven-story triple ″ Hydraulic ″.

On Fig shows a lever system to reduce the stroke of the pistons and increase the radius of the crank of the main eccentric connecting rod.

The seven-story “Hydraulic Machine” contains a foundation 1, concreted as one piece with reinforced concrete with a dam 2 and bulls 3, holding water at the level of the upper pool of the WB relative to the lower pool of the NB, shown in figure 1. In dam 2, channels 4 with cantilever nozzles 5 of rectangular cross section and mesh 6 are built in height corresponding to the levels of the floors of the hydraulic machine. All channels 4 open - close by means of the shutter 7 and by means of the hook 8 of the lifting machine (not shown).

On the foundation 1, a foundation plate 9 is concreted, on which columns 10 are fixed by lower bases. On the upper platforms of the bulls 3, a power frame 11 is concreted. In the walls of the bulls 3, the cantilever beams 12 are height and width in the required quantity, the removable transverse beams 13 are rigidly attached to them one end to the cantilever beam 12 of one bull 3, and the other end to the cantilever beam 12 of the other bull 3. The upper capitals of the column 10 are rigidly attached to the power frame 11, and along the entire height of the column 10 are rigidly connected with transverse beams 13. Additionally, each pair of columns 10 is rigidly fastened on both sides with longitudinal removable beams 14 and removable transverse beams 15. A base 16 is fixed to the foundation plate 9, on which, alternating floor-by-stage, lids 17 and rectangular chambers are attached, one of which shown in Fig.7. Each chamber by the number of floors of the hydraulic machine contains a housing 16, each of which with its flanges 19, upper flanges 20 of a rectangular design and covers 17 between them are fastened with common bolts in the form of a common vertical shaft of rectangular cross-section, separated by floor covers 17 into independent sealed chambers. Therefore, each cover 17 for one camera is a bottom, and for another adjacent camera - a cover, and vice versa. Each chamber is additionally rigidly and floor-mounted bolted to removable longitudinal and removable transverse beams 14 and 15 by means of a frame 21 welded to the outer walls of each chamber. Each chamber is equipped with branch pipes of rectangular section 22, 23, 24, 25. A working chamber 26 is placed inside each chamber with rectangular holes 27 that strictly coincide along the perimeter with branch pipes 22, 23, 24, 25. In the upper part, the common chamber shaft is covered with additional covers 28 connected by a common sleeve 29. Inside each working chamber 26 is placed a piston, which is shown in the assembly in Fig.9. The piston contains a rectangular housing 30, in the center of which is placed a sleeve 31 with two round flanges, the bottom of which is hermetically attached to the bottom of the housing 30, and the upper flange of the sleeve 31 and the upper square or rectangular level of the piston are hermetically closed by a cover 32 having hermetically sealed hatches 33, inside the sleeve 31 along its axis there is a hole with an internal thread into which two rods 34 are screwed with threaded ends, fixed by the locking bolts 35. Damping rings, for example of rubber 36, are put on the rods 34. The head 37 is screwed onto the upper end of the upper rod 34 and the head 37 is fixed, into the eye of which an axis 36 is inserted.

Housings with bearings 39 are mounted on the power frame 11, into which a cylindrical shaft 40 is inserted, at the ends of which couplings 41 are fixed. An eccentric of the main eccentric connecting rod 42 is mounted on the cylindrical shaft 40 and the lower end of the narrowed walls of which is pivotally connected via an axis 36 with the head 37 of the upper rod 34. In addition, the eccentric of the actuating eccentric connecting rod 43 is mounted and rigidly fixed to the cylindrical shaft 40.

At each floor level, for example, a seven-story hydraulic machine, drum distributors are installed and rigidly fixed on both sides, one of which is shown in Fig. 12. The housing of the drum distributor consists of two detachable parts: a sector part 44 with rectangular flanges 45 and 46 and a mating half-cylinder part 47 with a flange 48 and nozzles 49. The aforementioned detachable parts are hermetically connected by rectangular flanges 46 and 48, between which the gasket 50 is sealed tightly rectangular perimeter.

The nozzles 49 are hermetically connected to the rectangular elbows 51. The end walls of the two parts of the housing are equipped with separable sliding bearings 52. Through the elbows 51, the rectangular nozzles 49 are respectively and hermetically connected to the nozzles 22 and 23 on one side of the chambers (in Fig. 7), and on the other hand chambers and hydraulic machines drum distributors nozzles 49 through the elbows 51 are hermetically connected to the nozzles 24 and 25 of the chambers. A drum 53 is placed inside each housing of the drum distributor, made of a pipe having end walls 54 at two ends, to which flanges 55 are welded from the inside, and the left axis 56 and the right axis 57 are welded to them, which are inserted into sliding sliding necks bearings 52, while the other axles of the axle are inserted into the rolling bearings 58, fixed in the housings 59 and fixed by the covers 60. Inside the tube of the drum 53, partitions 61 and 62 are welded along the entire length of the drum, and the central partitions are welded in such a way way that the view are divergent diffuser 63, in which the narrow side has a height h _1, and the wide side has a height h _2, and the width of the diffuser 63 is the distance l. An asterisk 64 is attached to the right console of the axis 57. The drum 53 is rotatable inside the drum distributor housing and is a round truss whose rods are partitions 61 and 62.

Drum distributors nozzles 45 are hermetically connected to the cantilever nozzles 5 of the dam 2 along the entire height of the respective floors of the hydraulic machine. On the opposite side of the hydraulic machine, drum distributors, in which the diffusers 63 perform the functions of confusers, which are hermetically and floor-connected with branch pipes 65 with their nozzles 45, all the internal cavities of which are connected to the common internal cavity of the water collector 66, which is in communication with the internal cavity of the knee 67 and with the lower tail of the NB water.

Thus, a hydraulic machine is made, connected to the foundation 1 by means of a concreted plate 9, base 16, with bulls 3, by means of a power frame 11 concreted on the upper platforms of the bulls 3, rigidly connected by means of columns 10 to the foundation plate 9 and the foundation 1, with the opposite located bulls 3 cantilever beams 12, removable transverse beams 13, longitudinal beams 14 and transverse beams 15 - along the entire height and throughout the length of the hydraulic machine, which is also connected to the dam by means of concreted in her console nozzle 5 along the entire height of floors and the width of the hydraulic design - all this defines a single monolithic structure of the hydraulic machine.

In the same way, all the internal cavities of all channels 4, cantilever tubes 5, drum distributors, elbows 51, chamber tubes 22 and 23 to the pistons on the right side of the dam 2 (in Fig. 1) - all this is the discharge side of the hydraulic machine. And all the internal cavities of the working chambers behind the pistons, nozzles 24 and 25, elbows 51, drum distributors, taps 65, water collector 66 and elbow 67 to the lower head of the water level NB (on the left in Fig. 1) - all this is the suction side of the hydraulic machine. At the same time, all the pistons that divide the internal cavity of each working chamber 26 into a sub-piston and supra-piston cavity are simultaneously dividers of the aforementioned sides of the hydraulic machine, simultaneously on all floors of the hydraulic machine.

To alternately connect all the under-piston and over-piston cavities of the working chambers 26 on all floors, the hydraulic machine is equipped with a “Chain control system” for distributing water simultaneously to all floors, which contains the following basic structural elements.

Bearings (not shown) are fixed on two removable longitudinal beams 14 (in FIGS. 10 and 11), into which a shaft 68 is inserted, on the console of which a double-row sprocket 69 is mounted and fixed, connected via roller chains 70 and 71 simultaneously with two sprockets 64 of drums 53 on two sides and at the levels of all floors of the hydraulic machine. A lever 72 is mounted on each shaft 68 and rigidly fixed, which is pivotally connected to the common rod 73 by means of the axis 74. The upper end of the rod 73 by the axis 36 is pivotally connected to the narrowed ends of the walls of the actuating eccentric connecting rod 43, which has additional eccentric holes 75 in the eccentric disk, mounted on a cylindrical shaft 40.

1 and 3, the hydraulic machine is shown in a static position. 4-6, the main eccentric connecting rods 42 are shown at the moments of circular rotation of their eccentric discs around the axis of rotation of the cylindrical shaft 40 counterclockwise.

The executive eccentric connecting rod with its eccentric disc mounted on a common cylindrical shaft 40 also rotates in the same direction, but according to the on-section along the G-D in FIG. 2, it is shown rotating clockwise in FIG. 10.

1 and 3, the proper vertical axis Y ₁ -O _{1 of the} main eccentric connecting rod 42 coincides with the main vertical axis YY of the entire hydraulic machine.

In Fig. 10, the proper vertical axis Y ₁ -O _{1 of the} actuating eccentric connecting rod 43 is also shown to coincide with the main vertical axis YY only to show that at this moment all the levers 72 on all floors are raised to the most extreme upper position, in fact the eccentric disk of the actuating eccentric connecting rod 43 during installation is biased and fixed at an angle θ ₁ (not shown) relative to the eccentric main eccentric connecting rod 42 mounted on a common cylindrical shaft 40, i.e. for example, with a lag of θ ₁ = 15-30 °. Therefore, when the proper axis Y ₁ -O _{1 of the} main eccentric connecting rod 42 coincides with the main vertical axis YY, the actuating eccentric connecting rod 43 actually takes position I (shown in dashed in FIG. 10).

12 shows the average position of the diffuser 63 of the drum 53 strictly along the horizontal axis, as a result of which it is shown that the height of the rectangular hole h _{2 of the} diffuser 63 is greater than the distance ″ a ″ between the nearest horizontal edges of the rectangular nozzles 49, as a result of which the internal cavity of the diffuser 63 at this moment it is communicated in the form of narrow slots simultaneously with the sub-piston and supra-piston cavities by means of elbows 51 and chamber tubes 22 and 23.

In the initial static position, when during installation by appropriate transfer of the circuits 70 and 71 (in Fig. 10), the diffusers 63 (in Fig. 3) of all the drums 53 of the discharge side are installed clockwise at a certain angle β so that the lower nozzles 49, communicated by the elbows 51 and chamber nozzles 22 with the piston cavities of the working chambers 26 are closed, and the upper nozzles 49 by the elbows 51 and chamber nozzles 23, communicated with the piston cavities of the chambers 26 are ajar.

The diffusers 63 of all the drums of the suction side of the hydraulic machine are also installed clockwise at such an angle β of rotation in such a way that, on the contrary, the nozzles 49 of the drums 53 by means of elbows 51 and chamber nozzles 34, in communication with the piston cavities of the working chambers 26, are ajar, and the upper nozzles 49 by elbows 51 and chamber nozzles 25 in communication with the over-piston cavities of the working chambers 26 are closed.

The eccentric discs of the main connecting rod 42 and the executive connecting rod 43 during rotation rotate around the longitudinal axis O-O of rotation of the cylindrical shaft 40, the center of which is located at the intersection of the horizontal axis X-X and the main vertical axis YY. The center of swing of the connecting rods about axis 38 is indicated by the letter O ₁ . The letter O ₂ denotes the center of the eccentric disk, which is located at the intersection of the horizontal axis X ₁ -X ₁ and the main vertical axis YY. The distance between the center of O ₂ and O of the axis of rotation O-O of the cylindrical shaft 40 is the radius of the crank rod r _cr rod.

In the description of the invention, the “eccentric connecting rod" mentions that the eccentric connecting rod ... has the greatest inertia of rotation around the axis O-O of rotation of the cylindrical shaft, shocklessly, easily and ″ softly ″ overcomes two ″ dead ″ positions with each revolution ... Therefore the hydraulic machine can work alone if the corresponding counterweight is fixed on the cylindrical shaft, which balances its elements of rotational and vertical-translational movement by means of a counter moment equal to the radius of the crank multiplied about the total weight, comprising: the weight of the connecting rods 42 and 43, the weight of all rods 34, the weight of all pistons, the weight of all cantilever ends of the levers 72 and the weight of the rod 73, i.e.

M _ol = r _cr (R _W + P _pc + R _p + R _t ),

where M _CR - the total moment of the counterweight, kg · m;

r _cr - radius of the crank of the eccentric connecting rod, m;

R _W - the total weight of all rods, kg;

P _pc - the total weight of all rods 34 with a head 37, kg;

R _p - the total weight of all pistons, kg;

P _R - the total weight of the cantilever ends of all levers 72, kg;

R _t - thrust weight 73, kg.

Then, in this condition, the hydraulic machine will be called as one single hydraulic machine having one main eccentric connecting rod 42 and one actuating connecting rod 43 with the said counterweight.

One single, for example seven-story, hydraulic machine works as follows.

The shutter 7 has rectangular windows, equal in area to the rectangular channels 4 and cantilever pipes 5, the number of which corresponds to the floor number of floors of the hydraulic machine, and in height correspond to the distances between the floors of the hydraulic machine.

When the shutter 7 is in the closed position, its rectangular windows are located in the altitude gaps between the channels 4. When the shutter 7 is lifted by a lifting machine and a cable with a hook 8 to the height of the combination of all rectangular windows of the shutter 7 with the 4 water channels simultaneously under the pressure of the height of the upper head of the WB water level and of the corresponding depth, cleaned with nets 6, rushes simultaneously on all floors through channels 4, cantilever pipes 5 and pipes 45 into the internal cavities of sector parts 44 of the cases of all drum distributors, through auzhennye rectangular side diffusers 63 with a height h _1, through the expanded side diffusers 63 with a height h _2, through the upper half-open nozzles 49, through the knee 51, through the upper chamber tubes 23 through upper rectangular aperture 27 of the working chambers 26 in the internal nadporshnevogo cavity of the working chambers 26 of width l, i.e. the entire discharge side, but the further water path through the upper chamber nozzles 25, elbows 51, nozzles 49 of the drum distributors of the entire suction side of the hydraulic machine will be closed by the cylindrical body of the drum 53 in each drum distributor. This water path on all floors is shown in Fig. 3, where it is also visible that the path from the pressure side drum distributors is closed: through the lower nozzles 49, the elbow 51, the lower chamber nozzles 22. But at the same time, the piston cavities of the working chambers 26 are communicated through the lower chamber nozzles 24, elbow 51, nozzles 49 with internal cavities of diffusers 63 of the drum distributors of the suction side of the hydraulic machine, and through nozzles 45, outlets 65, collector 66 and elbow 67 all the under-piston cavities are in communication with the lower downstream of the NB of the water level. Therefore, with the shutter 7 open, at the moment shown in FIG. 3, water with a pressure force corresponding to the height of the upper head of the WB and the corresponding depth that corresponds to the level of each floor of the hydraulic machine in the above-piston cavities of the working chambers 26 presses the entire working area of the piston at the same time all the piston cavities of the working chambers 26 on all floors of the hydraulic machine.

The working area of the piston is the product of the dimensions of the piston A × B in FIG. 9 minus the area of the circular cross section of the rod 34, i.e.

F _p = F _n -F _pc

where F _p - the working area of the piston, m ² ;

F _n - total rectangular area of the piston, m ² ;

F _pc - the cross-sectional area of the rod 34, m ² .

Figure 3 shows the moment of a static position, when the pistons are all in the upper position and the main connecting rod 42 is also in the upper position, when the center O ₂ of the eccentric disk is above the center O of the axis of rotation O-O of the cylindrical shaft 40 at a distance of the crank radius r _cr and the axis X ₁ -X ₁ is located above the center O of the axis of rotation O-O of the cylindrical shaft 40 at a distance also of the radius of the crank r _cr and parallel to the axis X-X.

The total force P _c acts from top to bottom simultaneously on all the rollers that are placed on the area of the upper semicircle of the outer diameter of the eccentric disk at a distance equal to the sum of the radius of the crank r _cr and the radius of the eccentric disk R _g , i.e. u = r _cr + R _g . Moreover, each individual force acting on each roller is directed to the center of the eccentric disk along the normal.

Such a one-sided action from top to bottom relative to the center O of the axis of rotation O-O of the cylindrical shaft 40, when all the pistons and the main connecting rod 42 are in the upper position, this position is extremely unstable, since at this moment the eccentric disk also begins to act torque is equal _to the total force F times the crank radius r _cr, i.e. M _BP = P _with r _cr . Then, under the action of the rotational moment, the disk-eccentric rotates the cylindrical shaft 40, while lowering the main connecting rod 42, for example, counterclockwise, and the pistons all together move downward in a linearly-translational manner with increasing speed.

At the same time, the connecting rod 43, lagging behind the main connecting rod 42 at the beginning of rotation by the lag angle, for example, θ ₁ = 15-30 °, fixed with the main connecting rod 42 on one common shaft 40, continues to rise up with a minimum speed tending to zero , and also with deceleration, the connecting rod 43 lifts the rod 73, which also decelerates turns the levers 72 at the same time on all floors, which decelerate the double-row sprockets 69, which, through the roller chains 70 and 71, rotate the sprockets 64 mounted on the right axes 57, turning I thereby all the drums 53 on both sides of the hydraulic machine.

When the gear ratio of the diameters D of the _two double-row sprockets 69 to the diameters d of the _{stars of the} sprockets 64, for example, D _double : d _stars = 2: 1, then when the double-row sprockets 69 rotate through an angle β, the sprockets 64 will rotate by an angle 2β, which the drums 53 and their diffusers 63.

Figure 4 shows the working moment when the main connecting rod 42 deviated to the left by the maximum angle α between its own axis Y ₁ -O ₁ and the main vertical axis YY, and the axes X ₁ -X ₁ and Y ₁ -O _{1 are} perpendicular to each other and the angle between them is always equal to 90 °. The axis X ₁ -X _{1 was} aligned with the center O of the axis of rotation O-O of the cylindrical shaft 40. The entire main connecting rod 42 along with all the pistons fell down relative to the center O along the vertical main axis YY by a distance S equal to the radius of the crank r _cr , t .e. S = r _cr The connecting rod 43 was in position II, shown by the dotted line in figure 10. At this moment, all pistons have a maximum downward speed. And all the drums 53 and their diffusers 63 of the discharge side of the hydraulic machine turned clockwise upwards to the maximum angle β _m , providing the maximum possibility and maximum passage area for the flow of water under pressure into the over-piston cavities of the working chambers 26. And the water path through the lower nozzles 49, elbow 51, chamber nozzles 22 from the cavity of the working chambers 26 of the discharge side are closed by the bodies of the drums 53. At the same time, the drums 53 and diffusers 63, which serve as confusers, the suction side of the hydraulic machine also turned clockwise down the tree at the maximum angle β _m , providing the maximum opportunity and maximum area for the water flow to exit from the sub-piston cavities of the working chambers 26 and reliably closing the water outlet from the above-piston cavities of the working chambers 26: through the upper chamber pipes 25, elbows 51, the upper pipes 49, blocking the output by the bodies of the drums 53 of the drum distributors of the suction side of the hydraulic machine. In this case, all the piston cavities of the working chambers 26 of the suction side are communicated through the lower chamber pipes 24, elbows 51, lower pipes 49, diffusers 63, sector parts 44 and nozzles 45 of drum distributors, taps 65, water collector 66, elbow 67 with a downstream tail NB and with the atmosphere.

The next half of the path (stroke) downward, which is also equal to the radius of the crank r _cr , the pistons move with deceleration, while the eccentric discs of the main connecting rod 42 and connecting rod 43 rotate the cylindrical shaft under the action of the total flywheel moment and the flywheel moment of the counterweight and connecting rods 42 and 43 40 around the axis of rotation OO of the cylindrical shaft 40 with a constant angular velocity.

At the same time, when the pistons slow down, the thrust, on the contrary, accelerates its downward movement, rapidly rotates all levers 72 and two-row sprockets 69, and due to the gear ratio, sprockets 64, drums 53 and their diffusers 63 are rotated even faster.

Figure 5 shows the working moment when the eccentric disk of the main connecting rod 42 has rotated relative to the center O of the axis of rotation O-O of the cylindrical shaft 40 by an angle θ = 180 °. At this moment, all the pistons stopped, reaching the lowest position, having traveled a path (stroke) equal to the two radii of the crank, i.e. S = r _cr By this moment, all the drums 53 of the discharge side of the hydraulic machine managed to block the access of water flows into the supra-piston cavities of the working chambers 26 with their cylindrical bodies and to open the water flows to the under-piston cavities of the working chambers 26. And all the drums 53 of the suction side of the hydraulic machine managed to block the exit of the sub-piston with their cylindrical bodies cavities of the working chambers 26. At this point, all of the initial air is displaced from the piston cavities of the working chambers 26 through the lower nozzles 24, elbow 51, conduits 63, sectoral e portion 44, tubes 45, bends 65, knee 67 in the downstream of NB and the atmosphere. The connecting rod 43 has adopted position III, shown by the dotted line in figure 10. The own axis Y ₁ -O _{1 of the} main connecting rod 42 is aligned with the main vertical axis YY. The axis X ₁ -X ₁ is parallel to the axis X-X at a distance of the radius of the crank r _cr below the center O of the axis of rotation O-O of the cylindrical shaft 40.

By this moment, when the speed of the vertical rectilinear-linear motion of the pistons became equal to zero, i.e. V _n = 0, and the load of the total weight of the main connecting rod 42, pistons, rods 34, the weight of water in the over-piston cavities of the working chambers 26 and the vertical inertia forces continue to act by inertia from top to bottom on all the rollers located on the area of the upper semicircle of the outer diameter of the disk - eccentric and lower rollers disposed on the area of the lower semicircle of the outer diameter of the eccentric disc is not loaded, the moment of resistance to rotation force is equal to the total combined weight of the load and inertia _with P multiplied by a coefficient of friction Qual Niya, ie

M _ck = P _s · f _k ,

where M _ck - moment of rolling resistance, kg · m;

P _with - total force, kg;

f _to - rolling friction coefficient.

Therefore, the main connecting rod 42, together with the counterweight, with all the rotating drive elements, has a large inertia of rotation, therefore, it easily, unstressed and ″ softly ″ passes the lower ″ dead ″ position.

Figure 6 shows the working moment when the main connecting rod 42 deviated to the right by the maximum angle α between its own axis Y ₁ -O ₁ and the main vertical axis YY. The axis X ₁ -X _{1 is} aligned with the center O of the axis of rotation OO of the cylindrical shaft 40. The connecting rod 43 thus took position IV in figure 10.

The axis 38 and all the pistons moved upward by a distance S equal to the radius of the crank r _cr , i.e. S = r _cr At that moment, the pistons on all floors reached maximum travel speed. The drums 53 and their diffusers 63 turned counterclockwise at a maximum angle β _m counterclockwise with an angular velocity tending to zero, thereby providing the opportunity for maximum passage of water flows under pressure into all the piston cavities of the working chambers 26 from the discharge side of the hydraulic machine. And the drums 53 and their diffusers 63 of the suction side of the hydraulic machine turned upwards to the maximum angle β _m counterclockwise also about the angular velocity tending to zero, thereby providing the opportunity for maximum outflow of water flows from the over-piston cavities of the working chambers 26, while blocking even more reliably exit from the piston cavities of the working chambers 26. The next half of the working stroke S of the pistons is upward, which is also equal to the radius of the crank r _cr , the pistons move vertically in a linearly-translational manner with a deceleration. The connecting rods 42 and 43 rotate around the axis of rotation OO of the cylindrical shaft 40 with a constant angular velocity, and the rod 73 moves upward with increasing speed, accelerates the rotation of the levers 72 and two-row sprockets 69, the sprockets 64, the drums 53 and their diffusers 63 rotate even faster. as the pistons reach their highest position, all the drums 53 and their diffusers 63 take the position in FIG. Further, the process of rotation of the connecting rods 42 and 43 and the movement of water flows is repeated simultaneously on all floors of the hydraulic machine.

In the present description, so far the operation of one single hydraulic machine with the corresponding counterweight is described, by means of which its rotating and moving elements of the hydraulic machine are balanced, but the total weight of the water is not balanced, which is a big disadvantage. Almost the initial operation of the hydraulic machine, for example, shown in the initial position in figure 3, when filling with water begins simultaneously in all the cavities of the working chambers 26 on one side of the hydraulic machine, and at this moment in the opposite cavities of the working chambers 26 behind the piston is air. Then, under this condition and with the quick opening of the shutter 7, when water instantly tends to the cavity of the working chambers 26 on all floors on only one side of the hydraulic machine, a large hydraulic shock is possible, which can disable the hydraulic machine. Therefore, in this position, it is necessary to open the shutter 7 as slowly as possible until air is removed from all the cavities of the working chambers 26 and until all the cavities are completely filled with water in the form of continuous flows. Then the water hammer is mitigated by the advance supply of water to the opposing cavities when the water has not yet been completely removed from the previous cavities. The impact is softened by the fact that by the end of the piston stroke with a speed tending to zero, the water supply in the cavity will also tend to zero at the moments of dead positions. But the main condition that eliminates the occurrence of hydraulic shocks is the fact that at any moment of movement of the pistons of the cavity of the working chambers 26 of the discharge side of the hydraulic machine are connected with water behind the dam 2 of the upper head of the WB, and the cavities of the working chambers 26 of the pistons of the suction side of the hydraulic machine are communicated with the lower by the head of NB and with the atmosphere. Therefore, the use of one single hydraulic machine may be limited because there are more preferred options for the manufacture of hydraulic machines, eliminating the disadvantages of one single hydraulic machine, which is described in the description with the aim of more simple and accessible understanding of the design and operation of the hydraulic machine, as well as one option from among the many possible options the manufacture of hydraulic machines, which are based on one single hydraulic machines.

The continuity of water supply simultaneously to all cavities of the working chambers 26 of all floors of the discharge side of the hydraulic machine and the simultaneous removal of water from opposite cavities of the working chambers 26 behind the piston from all floors of the suction side of the hydraulic machine is ensured by the “Chain control system” with which the hydraulic machine is equipped and which is extremely important . From the accuracy of its calculation, from the practical experience of its installation and operation depends on the entire effective operation of the hydraulic machine. In its application, there is a wide opportunity to apply various combinations of the numerous parameters of a chain water control system in the form of continuous flows. The main necessary condition is determined by the fact that the connecting rod 43 is mounted on the cylindrical shaft 40 together with the main connecting rod 42, whereby both connecting rods rotate at the same angular speed. However, the operation and dimensions of the connecting rod 43 are independent of the operation and dimensions of the main connecting rod 42. In the drawings, the connecting rods 42 and 43 are shown to be of the same size as one of many options. In fact, the connecting rod 43 can be larger or smaller in size, have several eccentric holes in advance (Fig. 10), which, if necessary, it is possible to use different crank radii r _cr , and therefore be able to apply different working strokes of the rod 73, different leverage lengths 72, different diameters of sprockets 69 and 64, different gear ratios between them, etc.

Using the possibilities of many combinations in the calculations and in practice, it is possible to achieve that when the pistons approach their upper or lower positions, the diffusers 63, ahead of the piston movements, will supply the water flow pressure opposite to their movement, thereby softening the inertial forces of the pistons and rods 34 , apply the optimal crank radii of the main connecting rods 42.

It is known that during the operation of various presses equipped with a crank mechanism using a crankshaft at the moments of “dead” positions, the connecting rod has the greatest power. An eccentric connecting rod also has this positive advantage. Therefore, depending on the pressure of the water and the working area of all the pistons, it is possible to choose the working stroke of the pistons with the corresponding crank radius so that continuous flows of water are established on each floor of the hydraulic machine from the shutter 7 of dam 2 to the lower head of the low water level. Continuous flows will be established because the entire mentioned path is blown under pressure in airtight channels, pipes, elbows, working chambers, diffusers, outlets, in the water collector. In such sealed conditions, continuous flows become inextricable flows, which are established spontaneously only after when, after the initial start-up of the hydraulic machine, for two or three full working strokes of the pistons from the entire water path - from gate 7 to the lower head of the NB - all air will be removed into the water and through it into the atmosphere, and the released volume will be completely filled with water. The continuity of the flow is not violated by the pistons, which each water flow in the internal cavities of the working chambers 26 is divided into the discharge (positive) part of the flow of the discharge side of the hydraulic machine and the suction (negative) part of the flow of the suction side of the hydraulic machine. With the positive part of the flow, the positive pressure of water in each individual water flow is assumed - from the shutter window 7 to the discharge cavity in the working chamber 26 of each floor, and the positive pressure in each flow corresponds to the depth of the individual level of each floor of the hydraulic machine relative to the water level of the WB upper pool. With the negative part of the flow, negative pressure (discharge) in the borehole cavity of the working chamber 26 of each floor is assumed, and the magnitude of the negative pressure in each individual water flow of each floor depends on the level of each floor relative to the water level of the lower basin of the NB, i.e. from individual fall height from each floor.

The continuity of the water flow and its ability to maintain integrity even at low pressure (discharge) is widely used in hydraulic turbines by installing suction pipes below the impeller, which allows more complete use of the kinetic energy of the water stream leaving the impeller of the turbine.

It is known that ... one of the main factors determining the movement of a fluid at low pressure is the tensile strength of the fluid. So, according to experimental data, pure water that does not contain solid and gaseous impurities can withstand tensile stress of 0.2-0.3 MPa (2-3 kgf / cm ² ), and under special conditions up to 10-25 MPa (100-250 kgf / cm ² ). Theoretically, the tensile strength of water is even greater (″ Hydraulic Machines ″, Moscow, Izd. Energia, 1978, p. 103. Auth. G.I. Krivchenko).

This important physical phenomenon contributes to the fact that two water pressures will act simultaneously on each piston working area above and below: positive pressure on one side of the piston and simultaneously negative pressure on the other opposite side of the piston or, conversely, when the sign of the pressure action changes.

As a result of the conversion of the actions of the above pressures on one working area of the piston, a positive force P _n will act, and on the other opposite working area of the piston, a negative force P _from will act simultaneously. The named forces are different in size, but coincide in the direction of their joint action. The sum of these two forces is the total force of one piston P _s, and the total total force can be roughly determined by the formula

P _c = 2F _p HγK _p ,

where P _c - total total force acting on all pistons, kg;

2F _p - double working area - on both sides of the piston, m ² ;

H is the water pressure at a depth level corresponding to the level of the middle floor of the hydraulic machine relative to the water level of the WB upper pool, m;

γ is the specific gravity of water, kg / m ³ ;

K _p - the number of pistons.

The description describes the design and operation of one single counterbalanced hydraulic machine, which has the corresponding power and has the mentioned disadvantages.

Two single hydraulic machines shown in figure 2 will work more powerful and more stable, in which the cylindrical shafts 40 are connected by a common coupling 41, but under the indispensable condition under which the eccentric disk of the main connecting rod 42, mounted on the cylindrical shaft 40 of one hydraulic machine, must be turned 180 ° and is rigidly fixed relative to the eccentric disk of the main connecting rod 43, mounted on the cylindrical shaft 40 of another hydraulic machine. In the same way, the connecting rods 43 must be rotated and fixed 180 ° with the corresponding lagging angles relative to ″ their ″ main connecting rods.

In Fig.2, the first left hydraulic machine is shown in the static position shown in Fig.3, the second right hydraulic machine is shown in the static position shown in Fig.5.

When rotating the cylindrical shaft 40 of the first hydraulic machine, combined with the cylindrical shaft of the second hydraulic machine by means of the middle clutch 41, for example, counterclockwise at the moment when the first left hydraulic machine takes the position shown in FIG. 4, the second right hydraulic machine takes the position shown in FIG. 6. When the first left hydraulic machine takes the position shown in FIG. 5 and the combined cylindrical shaft 40 rotates 180 °, the second right hydraulic machine takes the position shown in FIG. 3, i.e. hydraulic machines have reversed positions. With the subsequent rotation of the combined cylindrical shaft 40 by 180 °, the main connecting rods 42 of both hydraulic machines will again swap places and will occupy the initial static position shown in FIG. 2. For all the listed positions of the main connecting rods 42, the connecting rods 43 will occupy the corresponding positions shown in Fig. 10 by a dotted line, with the corresponding lagging angles.

Three single hydraulic machines, in which individual cylindrical shafts 40 are connected by two intermediate couplings 41, will work even more powerful and more stable.

In order to simplify the presentation of the present description, eccentric discs will not be mentioned in that they are mounted on cylindrical shafts, not forgetting that only by means of their eccentric rods 42 and 43 are pivotally connected to the cylindrical shafts 40.

Therefore, the main connecting rods 42, mounted on individual cylindrical shafts 40, are connected to one common cylindrical shaft by means of two intermediate couplings 41 of three single hydraulic machines, with each main connecting rod 42 must be rotated 120 ° and fixed relative to the adjacent main connecting rod 42 on adjacent hydraulic machines. Accordingly, the connecting rods 43 should be rotated relative to adjacent connecting rods 43 on adjacent hydraulic machines by 120 ° with the corresponding lag angles from their main connecting rods 42.

Two double hydraulic machines will work even more powerful and more stable, in which on each individual shaft coupled into one common cylindrical shaft with one sleeve 41 are placed two main connecting rods 42, which with their eccentric discs are fixed in one line, and each pair of main connecting rods 42 180 ° rotated relative to another pair of connecting rods on another machine. Correspondingly, the connecting rods 43 of the two hydraulic machines are rotated by 180 ° with the corresponding angles θ _{1 of the} lag from ″ their ″ pairs of the main connecting rods 42. Moreover, on all floors, all pistons increase in width (perpendicular to the movement of the water flow) by 2-3 times. Therefore, the working area F _p on both sides of the pistons also increases by 2-3 times. Accordingly, the frame of two hydraulic machines is expanding, but it is more compact, cheaper to manufacture and operate than to make four single hydraulic machines. Moreover, the flow path does not increase, and the cross-sectional area of the water flow also increases by 2–3 times. Therefore, the total power from two double hydraulic machines should increase more than the total power received from four single hydraulic machines, occupying a large area, having a longer dam 2.

Three double hydraulic machines will operate even more powerful and more stable, for which two main connecting rods 42 are placed on each individual cylindrical shaft 40, but all pairs of main connecting rods 42 of one hydraulic machine are rotated by an angle of 120 ° relative to the pairs of main connecting rods 42 on adjacent hydraulic machines. Correspondingly, the connecting rods 43 on adjacent hydraulic machines must be rotated between themselves by 120 ° with their respective lagging angles from ″ their ″ pairs of the main connecting rods 42. The total power from three double hydraulic machines is greater than the total power of six single hydraulic machines.

13 shows one triple hydraulic machine in which three main connecting rods 42 and one connecting rod 43 with one chain control system are fixed in one line on the cylindrical shaft 40. Accordingly, the width of the piston can be increased 3-4 times, the length of the drum 53 and the cross-sectional area of the water flow can be increased, which helps to increase the power of one triple hydraulic machine. If necessary, a triple hydraulic machine can be equipped with two connecting rods 43 with their individual chain water control systems. On Fig shows a triple hydraulic machine with one connecting rod 43 with one water control system on the right in the gap between the frame of the hydraulic machine and the right bull 3. In the gap between the frame of the hydraulic machine and the left bull 3 you can place another chain control system with an additional second connecting rod 43, which together with the first connecting rod 43 must be rotated by the same lag angle θ ₁ from the three main connecting rods 42.

Therefore, there is every opportunity to make two triple hydraulic machines, in which the three main connecting rods 42 located on the same line of the cylindrical shaft 40 of one triple hydraulic machine must be rotated relative to the three of the main connecting rods 42 of the other triple hydraulic machine 180 °, mounted on the cylindrical shaft 40 of the other triple hydraulic machines. Two cylindrical shafts 40 of two triple hydraulic machines are connected by one common coupling 41. In Fig. 13, the cylindrical shaft 40 of the other triple hydraulic machines is shown with a dangling end from the upper right indicated by arrow C, i.e. same as in figure 2.

The power from two triple hydraulic machines should be greater than the power from six single hydraulic machines.

There is also every opportunity to make three triple hydraulic machines, in which individual cylindrical shafts 40 are connected to one common shaft, on each of which three main connecting rods 42 are fixed with a rotation of 120 ° between adjacent three triples 42. Accordingly, the connecting rods 43 must defend from ″ their ″ triples by a lag angle θ.

The power from three triple hydraulic machines should be greater than the power from nine single hydraulic machines.

In addition to various combinations of the above options, there are other combinations of options when the total number of hydraulic machines is divided into four. Then the angle of rotation of the connecting rods between adjacent hydraulic machines can be equal to 90 °. Then the rotation angle of each pair of connecting rods of one double hydraulic machines can be set to 90 ° relative to other neighboring pairs of other neighboring hydraulic machines. It is also possible at 90 ° and ″ triples ″ in four triple hydraulic machines.

In the same way, the total number of hydraulic machines divisible by six, i.e. - single, double, triple hydraulic machines, their single, double, triple connecting rods can be rotated between themselves by 60 °. Therefore, with appropriate rotations of 120 °, 90 °, and 60 °, the “dead" positions of the entire complex of hydraulic machines in a static position are completely eliminated, and when rotating on the cylindrical shafts, uniform torques act, all hydraulic machines work uniformly under such conditions, with the highest power output and etc.

The total power of multivariate - single, double, triple - hydraulic machines is determined by the number of main eccentric connecting rods, the number of pistons, their total working area and their working stroke.

From the working stroke of the pistons, the unit and total volume of water per unit time is determined. At each revolution of the cylindrical shaft 40, each piston makes two working strokes 2S, corresponding to two volumes of water. Therefore, at each revolution of the cylindrical shaft 40, a volume of water V _in equal to the working area of the piston F _p times two working strokes 2S of the piston passes through each floor of the hydraulic machine, i.e. V _in = F _p · 2S m ² .

The resulting volume of water passing through one floor, multiplied by the number of floors, determines the volume of water passing through one hydraulic machine at each revolution of the cylindrical shaft 40, and the rate of passage of the entire volume of water in the hydraulic machine determines the water flow per unit time.

When water is injected into the piston cavities of the working chambers 26, the total weight of water in all the piston cavities of the working chambers is perceived by the floor covers 17 and transmitted through the chambers 18, the base 16, the foundation plate 9 to the foundation 1. The total weight of water in all the piston cavities of the working chambers 26 is perceived by the upper the working areas of the pistons, and the lower working areas the pistons are based on water, which transfers the total load as listed above, both from the total weight of the water and from the inertial silt also to the foundation 1.

In one single hydraulic machine with a counterweight, when only during the initial start-up of the hydraulic machine in the under-piston cavities of the working chambers 26 there is air, and the total weight of all the above-piston water is not balanced, then only in this case and when the shutter 7 is quickly opened, a hydraulic shock can occur, which determines the mentioned drawback of one single hydraulic machine.

During the operation of two and all multivariate hydraulic machines, with continuous and inextricable flows, no water hammer will occur due to the following circumstances.

The action of the positive pressure of the water pressure on the working areas of all pistons on the one hand and the simultaneous action of negative pressure on the working areas on the other side of the same pistons and the above actions coincide in direction, this contributes to the accelerated filling of water into the injection cavities of the working chambers 26 and the accelerated removal of water due to piston opposite cavities of the working chambers 26. If in one single hydraulic machine all rotating and moving elements of the hydraulic machine are balanced by bulky and heavy against oats, then in two single or in any multivariate hydraulic machines all rotating and moving elements of one hydraulic machine are ideally balanced by exactly the same elements of neighboring hydraulic machines, united by common cylindrical shafts. But the most important thing is that all the volumes of water flowing simultaneously in the interacting hydraulic machines are balanced, both in static and in operating conditions. Therefore, any water hammer is excluded.

In two and in any multivariate hydraulic machines, an increase in their power is facilitated by the tight hollowness of all pistons. When all pistons move upwards of some hydraulic machines, their total weight decreases by the value of the total Archimedean force, at the same instant in other neighboring hydraulic machines, for which the same number of pistons goes down, the total weight of the lowering pistons remains the same. Consequently, each pair or triple of hydraulic machines has an additional moment of a pair of forces. The magnitude of the force corresponds to the total weight of the displaced water by all the pistons moving upward, and the named force, multiplied by two crank radii, gives the mentioned additional moment of a pair of forces, which accordingly increases the total power of any complex of hydraulic machines.

All of the listed options for hydraulic machines contribute to the invention of many other options.

The power of any type of hydraulic machine depends on the flow of water and the radius of the crank of the main connecting rods 42, which determine the stroke of the pistons.

Conflicting necessities arise: on the one hand, the need to reduce the stroke of the piston S by reducing the radius of the crank of the main connecting rod 42 and, therefore, to reduce the torque on the cylindrical shaft 40 in order to reduce the flow rate of water, and on the other hand, the need to increase the radius of the crank of the main connecting rod 42 and the mass of the round part of the main connecting rod 42 to increase the total moment and inertia of rotation of the entire drive, load and water flow.

On Fig shows one of the possible many options for overcoming the aforementioned contradictions through the application of the "Lever system" as follows.

In figure 10, the executive eccentric connecting rod 45, rod 73, cylindrical shaft 40 and the main eccentric connecting rod 42 are located along the vertical axis YY, and the axis of rotation of the two-row sprockets 69 are located along the vertical axis Y ₂ -Y ₂ at a distance K. In Fig. 14, double-row sprockets 69 are located opposite along the vertical axis YY (not shown), and the entire listed drive is located along the vertical axis Y ₂ -Y ₂ at a distance K.

On a platform attached to two brackets 76 that are attached to two columns 10, a housing 77 with an axis 78 is fixed to which a lever 79 is pivotally attached at one end, having a longitudinal rectangular hole in the body in which the slider 80 is placed over a sliding fit, by means of a joint, for example, like a dovetail, at a distance of the shoulder radius r ₁ from the axis of rotation 78. The slider 80 via the axis 81 is pivotally connected to the head 37 of the upper rod 34. The other end of the lever 79 at a distance of the shoulder radius R from the axis of rotation 78 is pivotally connected with axis 3 8 of the main connecting rod 42. In this case, the shoulder radius R is equal to the sum of the shoulder radius r ₁ and the distance K, i.e. R = r ₁ + K. If the shoulder radius is equal, R = 2r ₁ + 2K.

When the lever 79 is rotated in one direction or another by a common angle γ, the center of the axis 81 moves along an arc of radius r ₁ . The vertical rectilinear translational movement of the head 37 with the rods 34 and pistons is compensated by the lateral movement of the slider 80 in the rectangular hole of the lever 79. The center O _{1 of the} axis 38 moves along an arc with a radius R The length of the mentioned arcs is limited by the total angle of swing γ of the lever 79. Transverse deviations relative to the vertical axis Y ₂ -Y ₂ are compensated lateral deviation angle α of the main connecting rod 42. Figure 14 shows the moment when the lever 79 is in the horizontal position, and the main connecting rod 42 has deviated to the right by Maximal ny angle α and occupies position I. The subsequent position of the main connecting rod 42 - II, III, IV - shown by dotted lines.

A similar compensation occurs through the deflection angle α of the connecting rod 43 (in FIG. 10), when each axis 74 of the hinged mounting of the lever to the rod moves along an arc, and the rod 73 moves along the vertical main axis YY and simultaneously across it by a small distance, which and compensated by deflecting the connecting rod 43 by a slightly changed angle α.

In Fig. 14, the length l _{1 of a} smaller arc of radius r ₂ almost corresponds to a smaller piston stroke, and the length l _{2 of a} larger arc of radius R corresponds to a greater displacement of the main connecting rod 42 along the Y ₂ -Y ₂ axis, and therefore a larger crank radius r _cr . In this case, the vertical reciprocating rectilinear translational motion of the pistons occurs with acceleration or deceleration, respectively, with acceleration and deceleration, and the main connecting rod 42 moves with a large stroke and a large crank radius r _cr , and therefore, a larger total flywheel and the moment of inertia of the entire drive and the entire mass of moving and rotating elements of the hydraulic machine, which contributes to the maximum torque of the cylindrical shaft 40, and ultimately to an increase in unities and power hydromashii. Therefore, the height h of the rectangular openings 27 of the working chambers 26 (in Fig. 8) and the height of all internal cavities along the entire path of the water flow can be increased to the optimal value, as it is increased in Fig. 14, which helps to reduce the stroke of the pistons and reduce the filling time working chambers 26 with water and reducing the time for removing water from the working chambers 26, without increasing the water flow rate, but increasing the speed and power of the hydraulic machine.

As can be seen from the description and in the drawings, the invention "Hydraulic machine" differs from the closest analogue (prototype) of the invention. "Hydropneumatic hydrogenerator" by means of a comparative analysis of the common features inherent in the named analogue (prototype), set out at the beginning of the description in eight paragraphs, with common features inherent in the invention of "Hydraulic machine", which showed the following.

1. The foundation 1 of the hydraulic machine is concreted together with the dam 3 and the bulls 3. Additionally, the foundation plate 9 is concreted into the foundation 1, and at the top of the bulls 3 is the power frame 11, which is rigidly connected to the foundation plate 9 by means of columns 10, between which the base is fixed to the foundation plate 16, on which a shaft is mounted and fixed, rigidly fastened at the entire height with columns 10 and divided floor by floor through covers 17 into independent sealed chambers, inside of which sealed workers are placed Amers 26, inside of which are sealed hollow pistons, connected by height rods 34, which pass through the floor covers 17, and the upper end of the upper rod 34 is pivotally connected to the axis 38 of the narrowed walls of the main eccentric connecting rod 42, through which the vertical return rectilinearly - translational movement of the pistons in the rotational movement of the cylindrical shaft 40, and vice versa.

2. The total height of the shaft of the hydraulic machine allows the optimal number of sealed chambers, which are separated and jointly fastened with floor covers 17 to additional covers 38, connected by a common sleeve 29, through which the rods 34 through a sliding fit without any distortions, to be floor-mounted.

3. All internal cavities of the working chambers are tight and completely filled with water. Only the water levels of the upper and lower pools are communicated with the atmosphere.

4. The distribution of water across the floors of the hydraulic machine into the internal discharge cavities of the working chambers 26 is carried out by means of drum distributors of the discharge side of the hydraulic machine, and the simultaneous removal of water from the internal piston cavities of the working chambers 26 from all floors is carried out by means of drum distributors of the suction side of the hydraulic machine. All drum distributors are controlled automatically by a chain control system, which contains the following structural elements. Bearings are mounted on each two removable longitudinal beams 14, into which a shaft 68 is inserted, on the console of which a double-row sprocket 69 is mounted and fixed, connected via roller chains 70 and 71 simultaneously with two sprockets 64 of drums 53 on both sides and at the levels of all floors of the hydraulic machine. A lever 72 is mounted on each shaft 68 and rigidly fixed, which is pivotally connected to the common rod 73 by means of the axis 74. The upper end of the rod 73 by the axis 38 is pivotally connected to the narrowed ends of the walls of the actuating eccentric connecting rod 43.

5. In the hydraulic machine, there is no need for any drives for changing the length of rods, cylinders, pumps, or sensors for the upper and lower water levels in the downstream waters.

6. The rise - up and descent - down simultaneously of all the pistons occurs by alternating pressure of water supply to the pumping cavities of the working chambers 26, by acting on one side of the piston working areas of the water pressure force of the corresponding height of the upper head of the WB and simultaneously removing water from the piston cavities of the working chambers 26 through the action of negative pressure on the opposite side of the working areas of the pistons with a force of the corresponding height of each floor relative to the water level of the lower tail of the NB. When the shutter 7 is open, the positive pressure force of the water pressure and the Archimedean force act on the working areas of the lower side of all pistons, when lifting them up, and at the same time the negative pressure (vacuum) force acts on the upper working areas of all pistons. All three named forces coincide in direction. When all pistons move downward, the force of positive pressure of the water pressure acts on the upper working areas of all pistons, and the negative pressure (vacuum) force and, at the same time, the gravity of all pistons act on the lower working areas of these same pistons. And these three forces coincide in direction. For example, two hydraulic machines connected by a common cylindrical shaft 40, provided that all the pistons in one hydraulic machine rise up, and in the other hydraulic machine all the pistons simultaneously lower down, in such conditions a pair of total forces arises, the moment of which is equal to the products of the total force of one hydraulic machine by two crank radii. Similar conditions and actions occur in each pair and in each triple of hydraulic machines in any version of their manufacture. Moreover, the maximum values of these moments occur twice for each revolution of the cylindrical shafts 42.

Such total forces of many multivariate hydraulic machines, converted by eccentric connecting rods 42 and 43 into the total torque of the cylindrical shafts connected to a common cylindrical shaft, can reach such a power that will exceed the power of many hydraulic turbines operating around the world, and the water flow rate in multivariate hydraulic machines will be smaller.

This total power of any multivariate hydraulic machine is incomparably larger in magnitude than the power of the prototype - a hydropneumatic hydrogenerator, in which the float 7 and piston 9 rise only by means of Archimedean force, and they are lowered only by gravity. In this case, part of the mentioned forces is expended in compressing pre-compressed air in the pneumatic accumulator 11. And only the remaining part of the force is used to supply hydraulic fluid to the transducer 14 to generate mechanical or electrical energy, which will be insignificant.

7. When operating a hydraulic machine of any variant, no additional system is required, equipped with additional sophisticated equipment for supplying any special hydraulic fluid in a circular circuit to any converter to generate mechanical or electrical energy.

In any type of hydraulic machines, the force of the water head in the form of positive pressure corresponding to the height of the upper head of the WB, the force in the form of negative pressure relative to the lower head, in the form of Archimedean force when the pistons move up and in the form of gravity when the pistons move down - all these total forces are converted by means of eccentric connecting rods 42 and 43 at the torque of the cylindrical shafts, followed by conversion directly into mechanical or electrical energy.

8. Depending on the height of the dam, it is possible to produce multi-storey and multivariate hydraulic machines and it is possible to output the total power on the output shafts 40.

The presented number of options for the efficient use of a hydraulic machine is not limited to this. For example, in mountainous areas, where streams and rivers flow at the headwaters, where there are sufficiently large differences and between the upper and lower pools, you can install a hydraulic machine without dam 2. To do this, instead of dam 2, it is enough to tightly attach the pipes on the discharge side of the downstream hydraulic machine that are turned upside down to 180 ° bends 65, a water tank 66 with a bend 67 of the suction side of the upstream hydraulic machine, and then direct the water directly to the nozzles 45 of the discharge side of the upstream hydraulic machine or in the same way as to the downstream hydraulic machine. Thus, the serial connection of hydraulic machines will be carried out where the appropriate height between the lower and upper pools allows. If there are insufficient general water level differences for the serial connection of hydraulic machines, they can be installed in parallel at the same level, and the stream flow of a stream or a river can be divided by the number of hydraulic machines, bring each separate stream to the corresponding water collector 66 or directly to the nozzles 45 of the discharge side of each hydraulic machine.

Hydraulic machines with any manufacturing options are durable in operation. The durability can only be affected by the wear of the pistons, which is a disadvantage in the known piston machines. However, in hydraulic machines, the gap between the lateral side along the height H of the piston (Fig. 9) around the entire perimeter of the lateral area of the piston and the inner walls of the working chambers 26 will be slightly larger than the sliding fit of the diameter of the rod 34 passing through the covers 17, 28 and the sleeve 29, which perceive slight lateral forces with maximum deviations of the main connecting rods 42 by an angle α. If necessary, these minor lateral forces can be absorbed by the rollers and connecting rods.

Therefore, the covers 17, 28 and the sleeve 29, while moving the rods 34 through them, constantly maintain minimal gaps between the lateral outer walls of the pistons and the inner walls of the working chambers 26, wetted with plenty of water. With the optimally permissible named clearances, water can flow only at the moments when the angle of rotation of the eccentric disk of the main connecting rod 42 relative to the center O of the axis O-O of rotation of the cylindrical shaft 40 is θ = 90 ° or θ = 270 °, and the pistons occupy a middle position in the cavities of the working chambers 26, since only at these moments will there be a maximum difference between the discharge pressure on one side of the piston and the suction pressure on the opposite side of the piston. However, even at these named moments, water leakage through the gaps will be minimal, since at these moments the pistons move at maximum speed from the discharge pressure side to the suction pressure side. In practice, this is known during the operation of turbo-piston plants. Therefore, water leaks will be so minimal that they can be neglected, since they will be removed from the working cavities of the working chambers 26 together with the suction source of water into the downstream. In this case, the sides of the pistons can be coated with waterproof and anti-friction materials.

The rotation speed of the cylindrical shaft 40 from zero speed V ₀ to the maximum speed V _{m is} regulated by opening and closing the rectangular channels 4 of the dam 2 by means of the shutter 7, shifting its windows up and down until they are aligned in the channels 4 along the height of their location using a cable and hook 8 lifting machine.

If instead of the coupling halves of the couplings 41, the bevel gears are fixed at the ends of the cylindrical shafts 40, then the hydraulic machines in various versions can be located relative to the neighboring hydraulic machines at appropriate angles, which will make it possible to build dams in a semicircle or in the form of a “horseshoe”. Then, the transverse length of the dam will decrease accordingly, the strength of its structure will increase, the volume of hydro-construction work and the cost of their production will decrease. And the hydroelectric power station building can be placed on a dam of the corresponding design named, protecting hydraulic machines between bulls 3 from precipitation, and when closing the front suction side of the hydraulic machine, you can create an appropriate microclimate inside the power station, which will be convenient and extremely necessary in the harsh climate of Siberia.

The hydraulic machine is simple in design, technologically easy to assemble and disassemble. The hydraulic machine can be made of any size, at any plants and workshops equipped with the appropriate metalworking equipment. The hydraulic machine can be installed on rivers and streams in the mountainous and flat areas, where villages and villages can acquire their own power station to generate mechanical or electrical energy.

But the most important advantages of a hydraulic machine of any option will be determined if the advantages of a hydraulic machine are compared with the advantages of, for example, a hydraulic turbine and with the advantages of an internal combustion engine.

The bulk of the turbines are concentrated in the rim and in the impeller hub evenly around the axis of rotation of the shaft. Therefore, the impellers of hydraulic turbines are forced to produce large sizes, reaching a diameter of more than 10 meters, and their weight reaches 1,500 tons.

And for an eccentric connecting rod - the main drive of the hydraulic machine - the bulk of the circular part and the entire load mass applied to it is concentrated in the center of the eccentric, the O ₂ center _of which is located from the center O of the axis of rotation O-O of the cylindrical shaft at a distance of the crank radius.

In two-stroke internal combustion engines, the duty cycle is performed at a full crankshaft revolution, and in a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the duty cycle is performed at two full revolutions of the crankshaft, as a result of which the crankshafts are forced to rotate at high speed.

Moreover, when several eccentric rods are placed on a common cylindrical shaft 40 and rotated one relative to opposite or adjacent to the corresponding degrees, the total weight of all rods with their loads acts at a distance of two crank radii relative to the center O of the axis of rotation O-O of the cylindrical shaft, which several times greater than the torque of the impeller of the hydraulic turbine, corresponding to the diameter of the eccentric disk of the eccentric connecting rod of the hydraulic turbine. Moreover, in the hydraulic machine of any variant, the duty cycle is carried out twice for each revolution of the cylindrical shaft 40. Therefore, the mass of all rotating and moving elements of the hydraulic machine will be much less than the mass of the impeller of the hydraulic turbine with comparative power.

Consequently, hydraulic machines have advantages over hydraulic turbines and even over internal combustion engines, during the operation of which spent fuel is consumed.

It is known that when water is supplied to the impeller of a hydraulic turbine, only half of all the energy used is useful, and the other half is spent on losses. At the same time, a quarter of all the energy remains in the outgoing stream of water, the other quarter is spent on impact at the entrance to the canal (″ Hydraulic turbines and pumps ″, Higher school ’, 1969, p. 83, authored by I.N.Smirnov).

In hydraulic machines of any variant, almost all the energy from the inextricable flows of water with positive pressure of the discharge side and with negative pressure (discharge) of the suction side of the hydraulic machine, as well as the energy of the Archimedean and gravity forces of the pistons, i.e. from every cubic meter and even from every kilogram of water.

Approximate calculations show that multi-storey multivariate hydraulic machines will be able to double the power of existing hydraulic turbines, and the water flow will be two times less. Consequently, the volumes and areas flooded with water at existing and newly constructed reservoirs will be less, and the generation of electricity at power plants equipped with hydraulic machines will be correspondingly greater.

The general essence of the invention ″ hydraulic machine ″ can be defined as follows.

A hydraulic machine containing a dam with holes, a foundation on which a vertical shaft is mounted, inside which pistons are placed with the possibility of vertical movement and connected by a common rod, the foundation is made in one piece with the bulls and with the dam, in which channels with grids are built in, with cantilever rectangular rectangular pipes, with the ability to open and close the channels by means of a shutter with windows corresponding to the said channels, with the help of a cable and a hook of a lifting machine, it is clogged on the foundation a base plate is mounted on which columns are fixed with lower bases, and columns are attached with upper capitals to a power frame concreted on the upper platforms of the bulls, while a base is installed and fixed between the columns on the foundation plate, on which a vertical shaft of rectangular section is installed and fixed, divided by floors on independent sealed chambers with covers, each of which is a bottom for one camera, and for another adjacent camera is a cover, and vice versa, while the mine outside each floor, it is attached by means of frames, longitudinal and transverse beams to cantilever beams, at one end concreted into the walls of the bulls, and additionally the shaft by means of the said beams is attached to the columns in height and width in the required number of beams, each chamber is equipped with nozzles of rectangular section, inside each the chamber has a working chamber with rectangular openings that strictly coincide and are hermetically connected around the perimeter with the chamber nozzles; in the upper part, the shaft is covered by additional roofs in this case, a piston containing a rectangular housing is placed inside each working chamber, in the center of which there is a coupling with two round flanges, a bottom is tightly attached to the lower flange, and the upper flange of the coupling and the upper rectangular level of the piston are hermetically closed by a cover with hatches, inside the coupling along its axis there is a through hole with an internal thread, into which two rods are screwed with threaded ends, fixed by locking bolts, as a result of which the pistons are interconnected the rods passing through the interfloor covers, depreciation rings, for example made of rubber, are put on the rods, the head is screwed onto the upper end of the upper rod and the head is inserted into the eye of the axle, while housings with bearings are inserted into the power frame, into which the cylindrical shaft is inserted, at the ends of which couplings are fixed, and also an eccentric of the main eccentric connecting rod is mounted and rigidly fixed to the cylindrical shaft, the lower end of the narrowed walls of which is pivotally connected to the axis the head of the upper rod, additionally an eccentric of an executive eccentric connecting rod is mounted and fixed on a cylindrical shaft, at the level of each floor of the hydraulic machine, drum distributors are installed and rigidly fixed on both sides, each of which consists of two detachable parts: a sector part with rectangular flanges and a reciprocal semi-cylindrical parts with a flange and nozzles, while the detachable parts are hermetically connected by the said rectangular flanges, between which the seal is tightly clamped a gasket along its entire perimeter, the said nozzles are hermetically connected to the rectangular elbows, by means of which the rectangular nozzles are respectively and hermetically connected to the nozzles on one side of the chambers, and on the other side of the chambers and the hydraulic machine, the drum distributors by the nozzles are hermetically connected to the nozzles of the chambers, while the end walls of the two parts of the housing are equipped with separable sliding bearings, and inside each housing of the drum distributor is placed a drum made, for example er, from a pipe having end walls at both ends, to which flanges are welded from the inside, and the left and right axes are welded to them, which are inserted into sliding bearings with their sliding necks and axes are inserted into other rolling bearings fixed in cases and fixed with covers, while inside the drum pipe partitions are welded, which are welded in the center in the form of a rectangular diffuser having a narrower side with a lower height on one side and an extended side with a larger on the other hand, with the corresponding diffuser width, the drum being rotatable inside the housing of the drum distributor and presented in the form of a round truss, the rods of which are the said partitions, while the drum distributors are hermetically connected to the cantilever nozzles of the dam along the entire height of the respective floors of the hydraulic machine, and on the opposite side of the hydraulic machine, drum distributors with their nozzles are hermetically and floor-wise connected to the branches, all inside the upper cavities of which are connected with the internal cavity of the water collector, with the internal cavity of the knee and with the lower pool of the water level NB, and therefore all internal cavities: of all channels in the dam, its cantilever tubes, drum distributors, elbows, chamber tubes, working chambers to the pistons on the right from the side of the dam - all this is the pumping side of the hydraulic machine, and all the internal cavities: the working chambers behind the pistons, nozzles, elbows, drum distributors, outlets, the water collector to the lower pool of the low water level - all this is the suction side of the hydraulic machine, while the divider of the named sides is simultaneously all the pistons that divide the internal cavity of each working chamber into a sub-piston and supra-piston cavity simultaneously on all floors of the hydraulic machine, and therefore, for alternately connecting all the sub-piston and super-piston cavities of the working chambers on all floors, the hydraulic machine is equipped ″ Chain control system ″ for distributing water simultaneously to all floors of the hydraulic machine, while the chain control system contains bearings for mounted on two removable longitudinal beams at the levels of all floors of the hydraulic machine, and a shaft is inserted into the bearings, on the console of which a double-row sprocket is mounted and fixed, connected via roller chains simultaneously with two drum sprockets on both sides and at the level of all floors of the hydraulic machine, mounted on each shaft and a lever is rigidly fixed, which is pivotally connected to the common rod through the axis, while the upper end of the rod through the said axis of the head is pivotally connected to the narrowed ends of the walls of the actuator an eccentric connecting rod having additional eccentric holes in the eccentric disk mounted on a cylindrical shaft, but the eccentric drive eccentric connecting rod when mounting on a cylindrical shaft is rotated and fixed at an optimal lag angle relative to the eccentric disk of the main eccentric connecting rod mounted on a common cylindrical shaft.

The hydraulic machine is equipped with a ″ Lever system ″, which contains brackets attached to the columns, on which the platform is attached, and a body with an axis is fixed on the platform, to which a lever is pivotally connected at one end, having a longitudinal rectangular hole in the body, in which a slider with an axis is placed along the sliding landing by connecting, for example, a dovetail type, at a distance of a smaller shoulder radius from the axis of rotation of the lever, while the axis of the slider is pivotally connected to the head of the upper rod, and the other end of the lever, at a distance uu larger shoulder radius from the rotation axis of the lever pivotally connected to the axle of the main walls of the narrowed end of the eccentric rod.

Claims (2)

1. A hydraulic machine containing a dam with holes, a foundation on which a vertical shaft is mounted, inside which pistons are placed with the possibility of their vertical movement and connected by a common rod, characterized in that the foundation is made integral with the bulls and the dam in which channels with grids are integrated, with cantilever nozzles of rectangular cross-section, with the ability to open and close channels through the shutter and hook of a lifting machine, a foundation plate is concreted on the foundation, on which columns are fastened with lower bases, and columns are fixed with upper capitals to the power frame, concreted on the upper platforms of the bulls, while the base is fixed to the base plate, on which a vertical shaft of rectangular cross section is installed and fixed, divided into independent sealed chambers by lids, each of which for one camera is the bottom, and for the other adjacent camera is the cover and vice versa, while the shaft at the level of each floor is attached by means of frames, longitudinal and bottom river beams to cantilever beams, at one end concreted into the walls of the bulls, and additionally, the shaft, by means of the mentioned beams, is attached to the columns in height and width with the required number of beams, each chamber is equipped with nozzles of rectangular section, inside each chamber there is a working chamber with rectangular openings, strictly coinciding and connected along the perimeter with the pipe nozzles, in the upper part of the shaft is covered with additional covers connected by a common sleeve, while inside each working chamber There is still a piston containing a rectangular housing, in the center of which a coupling with two round flanges is placed, a bottom is tightly attached to the lower flange, and the upper coupling flange and the upper rectangular level of the piston are hermetically closed by a cover with hatches, inside the coupling along its axis there is an opening with an internal thread into which two rods are screwed with threaded ends, fixed by locking bolts, as a result of which the pistons are interconnected by rods passing through the floor covers, shock-absorbing rods are put on the rods lakes, for example, made of rubber, are screwed onto the upper end of the upper rod and the head is fixed, the axle is inserted into the eye of the latter, while housings with bearings are mounted on the power frame, into which a cylindrical shaft is inserted, at the ends of which couplings are fixed, as well as on a cylindrical the shaft is mounted and rigidly fixed to the eccentric of the main eccentric connecting rod, the lower end of the narrowed walls of which, by means of the mentioned axis, are pivotally connected to the head of the upper rod and additionally mounted on the cylindrical shaft and fixed an eccentric actuating eccentric connecting rod, at each floor of the hydraulic machine, on both sides of it, drum distributors are installed and rigidly fixed, the housing of each of which consists of two detachable parts: a sector part with rectangular flanges and a reciprocal half-cylindrical part with a flange and nozzles, while detachable the parts are hermetically connected by the said rectangular flanges, between which the sealing gasket is tightly clamped around its perimeter, the said nozzles are hermetically connected to rectangular elbows, by means of which rectangular nozzles are hermetically connected to the nozzles on one side of the chambers, and on the other side of the chambers and hydraulic machines, drum distributors by nozzles are hermetically connected to the nozzles of the chambers, while the end walls of the two parts of the housing are equipped with separable sliding bearings, and inside each housing a drum distributor is placed a drum made, for example, of a pipe having end walls at both ends to which a flange is welded from the inside ts, and the left and right axes are welded to them, respectively, which are inserted into the sliding bearings with their sliding necks, and the axes are inserted into the rolling bearings with the other necks, fixed in the housings and fixed by covers, while the walls are welded into the drum pipe, which are welded in the center to a rectangular diffuser having a narrowed side with a lower height on one side and an extended side with a higher height on the other side, with a corresponding diffuser width, while the drum is made with possible it is rotated inside the housing of the drum distributor, and the drum represents a round truss, the rods of which are the mentioned partitions, while the drum distributors are hermetically connected to the cantilever nozzles of the dam along the entire height of the corresponding floors of the hydraulic machine, and on the opposite side of the hydraulic machine, the drum distributors are hermetically sealed and floor-connected with branches, all internal cavities of which are connected with the internal cavity of the water collector, with the internal cavity I’ve got a knee and with a lower tail of the water level, and therefore all the internal cavities: all channels in the dam, its cantilever pipes, drum distributors, elbows, chamber pipes, working chambers to the pistons on the right side of the dam - all this is the pumping side of the hydraulic machine, and all internal cavities: working chambers behind pistons, nozzles, elbows, drum distributors, outlets, a water collector to the lower pool of the water level - all this is the suction side of the hydraulic machine, while the divider of these sides are simultaneously all pistons that divide the internal cavity of each working chamber into a sub-piston and supra-piston cavity simultaneously on all floors of the hydraulic machine, and therefore, for alternately connecting all the sub-piston and super-piston cavities of the working chambers on all floors, the hydraulic machine is equipped with a chain control system for distributing water simultaneously to all floors hydraulic machines, while the chain control system contains bearings mounted on two removable longitudinal beams at the levels of all floors of the hydraulic machine, and in bearings a shaft is installed, on the console of which a double-row sprocket is mounted and fixed, connected by means of roller chains simultaneously with two drum sprockets on both sides and at the level of all floors of the hydraulic machine, a lever is mounted on each shaft and rigidly fixed to the common link via an axis, the upper end of the rod, through the aforementioned axis of the rod head, is pivotally connected to the narrowed ends of the walls of the actuating eccentric connecting rod having additional eccentric holes in the disk-e stsentrike, fitted on a cylindrical shaft, but the drive of the eccentric-cam actuator rod for mounting on a cylindrical shaft is rotated by the optimal lag angle and fixed relative to the eccentric-disc main eccentric crank supported on generally cylindrical shaft. 2. The hydraulic machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic machine is equipped with a lever system, which comprises brackets attached to the columns, on which the platform is fixed, and a case with an axis fixed to the platform, to which a lever is pivotally attached at one end, having a longitudinal rectangular body a hole in which a slider with an axis is placed on a sliding fit by means of a connection such as a dovetail, at a distance of a smaller shoulder radius from the axis of rotation of the lever, while the axis of the slider is pivotally connected to the head of the upper current, and the other end of the lever, at a distance of a larger shoulder radius from the axis of rotation of the lever, is pivotally connected to the axis of the end of the narrowed walls of the main eccentric connecting rod.

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