RU2231601C1 - Gas-dynamic ripper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry, particularly rippers for loosening firm and frozen ground.

SUBSTANCE: ripper has rod-type impact means with sharp conical tip in lower part thereof. Tip has central channel formed along tip axis for inner feeding pipe installation, radial orifices communicating with central channel and stepped boring. Tip may perform limited motion in central orifice formed in screw head body from lower end thereof and extends beyond the body for a distance equal to stroke of piston coaxially arranged in upper hammer part, fixed by nuts and arranged together with impact means along longitudinal axis for limiting axial motion into screw head body. Piston creates under-piston and above-piston chambers. It is spring, which is located in under-piston chamber for limiting impact means movement in downward direction. Piston has central orifice for impact means installation and concentric stepped orifices for normally closed valves installation. Normally closed valves are pressed by springs to bushing arranged in piston from lower piston end. Bushing has central orifice for impact means installation. One annular channel formed in annular body wall communicates through compressed gas feeding regulation with pipeline for compressed gas feeding from gas source and communicated by radial channels formed into annular body through inner feeding pipe, central and radial orifices of impact means with under-piston chamber of screw head body.

EFFECT: increased productivity.

10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mining and construction and can be used in rippers of gas-dynamic action for loosening strong and frozen soils.

It is known by author. St. USSR No. 929790, MKI E 02 F 5/30 device for loosening frozen soils, including a hammer, a working tool in the form of a wedge, in which a closed cavity is made, communicating with a source of compressed gas, exhaust openings communicated with a closed cavity through a valve rigidly connected with emphasis.

Device disadvantages

1. The work of a single blow of the hammer-jackhammer is small. Therefore, a working tool in the form of a wedge in one stroke is immersed in frozen soil at a shallow depth of cultivation.

2. A large number of beats per minute of the hammer (jackhammer) leads to an increased consumption of compressed gas for loosening the soil, since with each blow of the jackhammer a valve opens that opens the outlet of the compressed gas through the exhaust holes in the wedge.

These shortcomings lead to low productivity and high energy intensity of the process of loosening frozen soil.

It is known by author. St. USSR No. 987049, MKI E 02 F 5/30 a device for the destruction of strong soils, including a base machine with an arrow and guides, a working body in the form of a hollow body with a wedge part and exhaust openings in it, a piston with a rod located inside the hollow body, fuel a tank, a plunger pump, a nozzle, a glow plug, a mechanism for raising a working body with a rope fixed to the piston rod, a regulator for switching the working body into free fall mode with the piston fixing mechanism in the lower position.

Although the device according to ed. St. USSR No. 987049, MKI E 02 F 5/30 and has a great work of a single blow in a free fall along the guides of the boom from a height of several meters under the action of gravity, but it also has drawbacks.

1. With free fall, it is not always possible to penetrate into the frozen soil to the planned loosening depth, as this is hindered by the high strength of frozen soil, which is tens, hundreds of times higher than the strength of unfrozen soil, and a large freezing depth (up to 2.5 m and above) .

Repeated strikes lead to a decrease in productivity, excessive consumption of fuel for loosening the soil and, ultimately, to an increase in the energy intensity of the process of loosening the soil.

2. The use of a fuel-air mixture to obtain a gas pulse is hardly justified, since the absorption of frosty moist air into the working body does not contribute to the normal formation of a fuel-air mixture. A glow plug does not provide sustained ignition of such an air-fuel mixture.

The closest solution to the proposed design of the ripper is ripper No. 2052032 dated 01/10/96 (prototype), including a hollow rod housing, kinematically connected and mounted coaxially with the discharge sleeve with exhaust holes, kinematically connected with the discharge sleeve and mounted coaxially with the last screw tip , vertically located guide shaft for fixing on the frame of the base machine, on which the bracket is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement with bushings fixed on it for connecting with a guide shaft, valves for controlling the supply of compressed gas and pipelines for supplying compressed gas from the power source to the gas distribution mechanism, made in the form of a main working chamber with a hollow shaft fixed to the upper end of the rod body, rigidly connected to the bracket of the ring body with located in it wall of annular channels, coaxially installed supply tubes, installed with the possibility of limited axial movement inside the discharge sleeve and interacting with the lower end of the valve stem housing for communicating the inner cavity of the stem housing with exhaust openings in the discharge sleeve.

In the main working chamber with the possibility of axial movement, a large piston is installed, in the stepped concentric openings of which normally closed needle valves are installed, pressed by springs to the concentric openings made in the bypass sleeve, which is installed in the large piston from the side of the over-piston cavity. On the lower end face of the large piston, smaller diameters of stepped concentric holes are made for communication with through concentric holes made in the small piston coaxially attached to the large piston from the side of its lower end with axial movement installed in the main working chamber and in the upper part of the internal cavity rod housing.

The prototype used an original stepped piston, consisting of a large and a small piston, which allows using an original gas distribution unit to obtain in the main working chamber an excess pressure of compressed gas more than what a compressor placed on a gas-dynamic cultivator can create.

This advantage allows the operator to expand the operational capabilities of the cultivator, to effectively use the equipment for loosening high-strength frozen soils at very low freezing temperatures.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the following:

when loosening the soil, the energy of the gas pulse is not dispersed over the depth of loosening, as a result of which the soil is unevenly crushed into fractions.

This drawback is due to the fact that the internal cavity, exhaust openings, and a valve for communicating the internal cavity of the screw terminal with exhaust openings are not provided in the housing of the screw tip. If you make such structural changes to the prototype, then in the cavity of the housing of the screw tip, it is advisable to use a device that allows you to get a pressure of compressed gas more than what a compressor placed on the base machine can create. This will increase the work of the gas pulse A _GAS , as it depends on the pressure in the working chamber, the volume of the chamber

where P is the excess air pressure in the working chamber;

V is the volume of the working chamber;

P ₁ - the final pressure of the expanding air;

k = 1.41 is the adiabatic exponent.

This device can be excluded from the main working chamber, since the main working chamber, which is not screwed into the ground, is used in the prototype, the volume of which is assigned based on the technical capabilities of the compressor.

The volume of the cavity in the housing of the screw tip can be increased to a limited extent only by increasing the diameter of the screw tip, assigned depending on the traction capabilities of the screw blades.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is to increase the uniformity of soil crushing along the depth of cultivation by using the effect of two gas pulses spaced apart in height, and the lower gas pulse will have a pressure of compressed gas greater than what a compressor placed on the base machine.

To achieve this technical result, the gas-dynamic cultivator is equipped with a hammer, made in the form of a round rod with a pointed conical tip in the lower part with a central hole made in its upper part along the longitudinal axis, in which the inner supply tube is coaxially mounted, with radial holes for communication with the central hole, stepped boring, thread installed with the possibility of limited axial movement in the Central hole, made from the bottom end in the housing of the screw tip, and protruding from it at a distance equal to the piston stroke, coaxially mounted on the hammer in its upper part, fixed with nuts and placed together with the hammer on the longitudinal axis with the possibility of limited axial movement inside the cavity located above the Central hole in the housing screw tip, for the formation of the supra-piston cavity and the sub-piston cavity, in which a spring is installed to limit the downward movement of the striker, and a central hole is made in the piston a hole for installing a hammer, concentric step openings with needle valves in large diameters, springs for pressing needle valves to concentric holes made in the bypass sleeve installed in the piston from the side of its lower end, in which the central hole for installation in drummer, and from the side of the upper end of the piston made smaller diameters of concentric stepped holes, while one of the annular channels in the wall of the annular housing communicated through a valve for controlling the supply of compressed gas with a pipeline for supplying compressed gas from a power source and through radial channels made in an annular housing, it is communicated through an internal supply tube, through a central hole and radial holes in the hammer with a piston cavity in the screw tip housing.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, which depict:

figure 1 presents a General view of a gas-dynamic cultivator with a control system;

figure 2 - the position of the hammer and piston in the housing of the screw tip when filling with compressed gas podpiston and nadporshne cavities to the maximum pressure created by the compressor, before dumping the working equipment on the loose soil;

figure 3 - the position of the hammer and piston in the housing of the screw tip when dropping the working equipment on the loosened soil at the time of completion of the gas compression cycle in the over-piston cavity;

figure 4 is a view in section of the working part of the gas-dynamic cultivator;

figure 5 is a view in section of the upper part of the working equipment of the gas-dynamic cultivator;

figure 6 is a view in section of an annular body;

Fig.7 is a section aa in Fig.6;

in Fig.8 is a section bB in Fig.6;

figure 9 is a section bb in figure 6;

figure 10 is a section GG in figure 6;

The gas-dynamic cultivator contains a rod housing 1, to the upper end of which the bolts 2 are attached to the main working chamber 3, connected with the hollow shank 4, the annular housing 5, located on the hollow shank 4 above the main working chamber 3 and connected to the vertically arranged guide shaft 6 via the bracket 7 and grasping the shaft 6 of the bushings 8 with the possibility of longitudinal movement, a protective screen 9, fixedly mounted on the lower end of the guide shaft 6 and having a Central hole 10 for passage through it rod th ripper housing 1 (Figure 1). A vertically positioned guide shaft 6 is fixed to the frame of the base machine (not shown).

The rod housing 1 of the ripper with the discharge sleeve 11, the discharge sleeve 11 with the adapter flange 12, the adapter flange 12 with the housing 13 of the screw tip are connected by connecting couplings 14 with locknuts 15 (Fig. 1). A screw blade 16 is made on the housing 13 of the screw tip.

In the housing 13 of the screw terminal, a central hole 17 is made from the side of the lower end of the housing 13 and an internal cavity located above the central hole 17 (FIGS. 2, 3).

The drummer 18, made in the form of a round rod with a pointed conical tip in the lower part, with the central hole 19 made in its upper part along the longitudinal axis, radial holes 20 for communication with the central hole 19, a stepped bore, thread 21, is mounted with limited axial movement into the Central hole 17 in the housing 13 of the screw tip and protrudes from it to a distance (Fig.2, 3), equal to the stroke of the piston 22, coaxially mounted on the hammer 18 in its upper part, fixed by nuts 23 and placed along with the striker 18 along the longitudinal axis with the possibility of limited axial movement in the cavity of the housing 13 of the screw tip, for the formation of the supra-piston cavity 24 and the sub-piston cavity 25, in which a spring 26 is installed to limit the downward movement of the striker 18 (FIGS. 2, 3) .

In the piston 22, central holes 27 are made for installing the hammer 18 in it, concentric step holes 28, with large diameters d * of which the needle valves 29 are installed, springs 30 for pressing the needle valves 29 to the concentric holes 31 made in the bypass sleeve 32, which is installed in the piston 22 from the side of its lower end and in which the central hole 33 for installing the hammer 18 is made, and from the side of the upper end of the piston 22, smaller diameters d of the concentric step openings 28 are made.

A stepped boring is made in the upper part of the inner cavity in the screw tip housing 13, in the cavity 34 of which a saddle 35, a valve 36 are installed (Fig. 3). In the saddle 35, a central hole 37 is made for communication with the over-piston cavity 24. The valve 36 is pressed against the saddle 35 by a spring 38 (Fig. 4) and blocks the exhaust holes 39, which are radially formed with a bell towards the outer surface of the screw tip housing 13. The downward movement of the valve 36 is limited by the seat 35. The housing 13 of the screw tip with the adapter sleeve 12, the adapter sleeve 12 with the discharge sleeve 11 are connected by splined joints 40 and 41. In the adapter sleeve 12 there is a partition 42 that divides its inner cavity into the lower 43 and upper 44 cavities (figure 4). A central opening 45 is made in the baffle 42, in which a middle supply pipe 46 is installed for supplying compressed gas to the valve control chamber 47 formed by a lower cavity 43 in the adapter sleeve 12 and a plane above the valve 36 in the screw terminal case 13.

A central opening 48 is made in the valve 36, in which an internal supply pipe 49 is installed, which leaves the middle supply pipe 46 in the valve control chamber 47.

The valve 50 is installed inside the discharge sleeve 11 with the possibility of limited axial movement and interaction with the seat 51. The seat 51 is installed in the cavity 52 of the stepped bore, made in the upper part of the discharge sleeve 11 (4, 5).

The valve 50 is pressed against the seat 51 by a spring 53 and blocks the exhaust openings 54, which are made radially with a bell toward the outer surface of the discharge sleeve 11. The upward movement of the valve 50 is limited by the seat 51. A central opening 55 is made in the seat 51 to communicate with the internal cavity 56 in the seat 51 with a cavity 52 in the upper part of the discharge sleeve 11 (Fig.4, 5).

A central hole 57 is made in the valve 50, in which an external supply pipe 58 is installed for supplying compressed gas to the valve control chamber 59, which is formed by a cavity under the valve 50 in the discharge sleeve 11 and an upper cavity 44 in the adapter sleeve 12 (Fig. 4). The discharge sleeve 11 with the rod housing 1 is connected by a spline connection 60 (figure 5). The inner cavity 61 in the rod housing 1 is in communication with a cavity 52 in the upper part of the discharge sleeve 11 and with a cavity 62 of the main working chamber 3. The cavity 62 of the main working chamber 3 communicates with the inner cavity 63 of the shank 4 (FIGS. 5, 6).

In the annular body 5 there is a central hole 64 with a diameter of d _c , an annular channel 65 with radial channels 66, an annular channel 67 with radial channels 68, an annular channel 69 with radial channels 70, an annular channel 71 with radial channels 72 (6, 7, 8, 9, 10).

The hollow shank 4 of the main working chamber 3 is kinematically connected with pressure and drive mechanisms (not shown) and mounted to rotate in the inner cavity of the central hole 64 of the annular body 5, in which a sleeve 73 with radial channels 74, a sleeve 75 with radial channels 76 are also installed , sleeve 77 with radial channels 78, sleeve 79 with radial channels 80, o-rings 81, flanges 82 are sealing (FIGS. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10).

In the inner cavity 63 (FIG. 6) of the shank 4, in the cavity 62 of the main working chamber 3, in the inner cavity 61 of the rod housing 1, in the cavity 52 of the discharge sleeve 11, in the central hole 55 in the seat 51, in the cavity 56 of the seat 51, the central hole 57 in the valve 50 (FIG. 5), in the valve control chamber 59 along the longitudinal axis, an external supply pipe 58 is installed in which the middle supply pipe 46 and the internal supply pipe 49 are coaxially mounted (FIGS. 4, 5).

The middle supply pipe 46, exiting in the valve control chamber 59 from the external supply tube 58, is mounted along a longitudinal axis in the central hole 45 in the adapter sleeve 12 for supplying compressed gas to the valve control chamber 47 (Fig. 4).

And the inner inlet tube 49, leaving the middle inlet tube 46 in the valve control chamber 47, is mounted along the longitudinal axis in the central holes 48 and 37 in the valve 36 and in the seat 35 (Fig. 4), in the supra-piston cavity 24, in the central hole 19 of the hammer 18 for supplying compressed gas to the piston cavity 25 through the radial holes 20 in the hammer 18 (figure 3).

A radial hole 83 is made in the shank 4, in which an external supply tube 58 is installed, and an annular groove 84, in which the tube 58 is fixed (Figs. 6, 8).

And the middle supply pipe 46, leaving the external supply pipe 58 in the cavity 63 of the shank 4, is installed in the radial hole 85 made in the shank 4, and is fixed in the annular groove 86 of the shank 4 (6, 9).

The inner supply pipe 49, leaving the middle supply pipe 46 and the external supply pipe 58 in the cavity 63 of the shank 4, is installed in the radial hole 87 in the shank 4 and is fixed in the annular groove 88 of the shank 4 (6, 10).

The pipe 89 is connected to a power source 90 (figure 1).

The pipe 89 through the valve 91 for controlling the supply of compressed gas, through the pipe 92, the fitting 93 (figure 1), through the radial channel 94 and the annular channel 65 with the radial channels 66 in the wall of the annular body 5 (6, 7), through the radial channels 74 in sleeve 73 and radial channels 95 in liner 4 are in communication with inner cavity 63 of liner 4.

Pipeline 89 through a valve 96 for controlling the supply of compressed gas, through pipelines 97, 98, fitting 99 (FIG. 1), through a radial channel 100 and an annular channel 67 with radial channels 68 in the wall of the annular body 5 (6, 8), through radial channels 76 in the sleeve 75, an annular groove 84 in the shank 4, having a diameter d _K , is connected to the valve control chamber 59 (Fig. 4) through the outer supply tube 58 for communicating the inner cavity 56 in the saddle 51 with the exhaust 54 in discharge sleeve 11 (figure 5).

Pipeline 89 through a valve 96 for controlling the supply of compressed gas, through pipelines 97, 101, fitting 102 (FIG. 1), through a radial channel 103 and an annular channel 69 with radial channels 70 in the wall of the annular body 5 (6, 9), through the radial channels 78 in the sleeve 77, the annular groove 86 in the shank 4, having a diameter d _K , is connected with the valve control chamber 47 (Fig. 4) through the middle supply pipe 46 to communicate the annular gap between the seat 35 and the internal supply pipe 49 s exhaust holes 39 in the housing 13 of the screw tip.

A pipe 89 for supplying compressed gas from a power source 90 through a valve 91 for controlling the supply of compressed gas through a pipe 104, a fitting 105 (FIG. 1), a radial channel 106 and an annular channel 71 with radial channels 72 in the wall of the annular body 5 (FIG. 6, 10), through the radial channels 80 in the sleeve 79, the annular groove 88 in the shank 4, having a diameter d _K , is connected through the inner supply pipe 49 to the central hole 19 in the hammer 18 (FIGS. 2, 3) for supplying compressed gas to the piston cavity 25 through the radial holes 20 in the hammer 18.

At the upper end of the shank 4, a bracket 107 is made having a central hole 108 in which a steel cable 109 (Figs. 1, 6) is mounted, mounted on a lifting mechanism (not shown) of the base machine.

Gas dynamic ripper works as follows.

By means of a lifting mechanism (not shown) and a steel cable 109, a gas-dynamic cultivator is lifted several meters from the surface of the loosened soil to the upper position (Fig. 1).

Simultaneously with the lifting, the operator opens the valves 91 and 96 to control the supply of compressed gas (figure 1).

From a power supply 90 through a pipe 89 through a valve 96 to control the supply of compressed gas, through pipelines 97 and 98, a fitting 99 (FIG. 1), through a radial channel 100 and an annular channel 67 with radial channels 68 in the wall of the annular body 5 (FIG. 6, 8), through the radial channels 76 in the sleeve 75, the annular groove 84 into the shank 4, having a diameter d _K , through the outer supply tube 58, the compressed gas enters the valve control chamber 59 (Fig. 4) for communicating the inner cavity 56 to saddle 51 with exhaust holes 54 in the discharge sleeve 11.

At the same time, from a power source 90 through a pipe 89 through a valve 96 to control the supply of compressed gas, through pipelines 97 and 101, a fitting 102 (FIG. 1), through a radial channel 103 and an annular channel 69 with radial channels 70 in the wall of the annular housing 5 (FIGS. 6, 9), through radial channels 78 in the sleeve 77, an annular groove 86 in the shank 4 having a diameter d _K , through the middle supply pipe 46, compressed gas enters the valve control chamber 47 (FIG. 4) for communication an annular gap between the seat 35 and the inner feed pipe 49 with exhaust holes mi 39 in the housing 13 of the screw tip.

From a power source 90 through a pipe 89 through a valve 91 for controlling the supply of compressed gas, through a pipe 92, a fitting 93 (FIG. 1), through a radial channel 94 and an annular channel 65 with radial channels 66 in the wall of the annular body 5 (FIG. 6, 7), through the radial channels 74 in the sleeve 73 and the radial channels 95 in the shank 4, the compressed gas enters the inner cavity 63 of the shank 4, and then into the cavity 62 of the main working chamber 3 (Fig. 5), into the cavity 61 of the rod housing 1, in cavity 52 in the upper part of the discharge sleeve 11, into the cavity 56 of the seat 51. Simultaneously from the source 90 p melting through the pipe 89 through the valve 91 for controlling the supply of compressed gas, through the pipe 104, fitting 105 (Fig. 1), through the radial channel 106 and the annular channel 71 with radial channels 72 in the wall of the annular body 5 (6, 10), through the radial channels 80 in the sleeve 79, the annular groove 88 in the shank 4, having a diameter d _K , through the inner supply tube 49, the Central hole 19 (figure 2) and the radial holes 20 in the hammer 18, the compressed gas enters the piston cavity 25.

With increasing pressure of the compressed gas in the piston cavity 25, the springs 30 under the needle valves 29 will begin to compress (Fig. 2) and from the piston cavity 25 through the concentric holes 31 in the bypass sleeve 32, through the gaps between the concentric step holes 28 in the piston 22 and the needle valves 29 the compressed gas will begin to flow into the above-piston cavity 24, filling it to the maximum pressure created by the compressor and controlled by the operator according to the pressure gauge (not shown).

After completing the cycle of filling with compressed gas the supra-piston cavity 24 in the screw tip housing 13, cavities 62, 61 and 52, 56 (Fig. 5) in the main working chamber 3, in the rod housing 1, in the upper part of the discharge sleeve 11, in the saddle 51 to the maximum pressure created by the compressor, the operator switches the lifting mechanism (not shown) in the free fall mode of the gas-dynamic baking powder. Under the influence of gravity, the cultivator freely falls down. When hitting frozen ground, the hammer 18 together with the piston 22 moves upward (FIG. 3), additionally compressing the gas in the supra-piston cavity 24. After compressing the gas in the supra-piston cavity 24, the operator engages a pressure mechanism (not shown) having a force F (FIG. 1 , 6) and a drive mechanism (not shown), providing rotation of the shank 4 of the main working chamber 3, screwing the housing 13 of the screw tip, adapter sleeve 12, the discharge sleeve 11, the rod housing 1 in frozen or strong ground.

Slotted joints 60 (Fig. 5), 40 and 41 (Fig. 4) perceive the torque, axial loads - contacting elements (from top to bottom) 1 and 11 14 (Fig. 5), 11 and 12, 12 and 13 (Fig. 4).

Lock nuts 15 prevent unscrewing of the couplings 14, thereby eliminating leaks of compressed gas through seals from the inner cavity 61 in the rod housing 1, from the inner cavity 52 in the upper part of the discharge sleeve 11 (Fig. 5), from valve control chambers 59 and 47 and 36 (FIG. 4).

After screwing the cultivator to the calculated depth of cultivation, the operator turns the valve 96 (Fig. 1) to control the supply of compressed gas to a position in which the control chamber 59 (Fig. 4) of the valve 50 and the valve control chamber 47 communicate with the atmosphere.

The pressure of the compressed gas in the inner cavity 56 in the seat 51 moves the valve 50 down. The spring 53 under the valve 50 is compressed. There is a pulse release of compressed gas through the exhaust holes 54 in the discharge sleeve 11 from the inner cavity 56 in the seat 51, from the cavity 52 in the upper part of the discharge sleeve (4, 5), from the cavity 61 in the rod housing 1, from the cavity 62 of the main working chamber 3, from the cavity 63 of the shank 4.

And the pressure of the compressed gas in the annular gap between the seat 35 and the internal supply pipe 49 and in the over-piston cavity 24 moves the valve 36 upward. The spring 38 is compressed under the valve 36 (Fig. 4). There is a pulsed release of compressed gas through the exhaust holes 39 in the housing of the screw tip, from the annular gap between the seat 35 and the internal supply pipe 49 (Fig. 3), from the over-piston cavity 24. After the pressure in the over-piston cavity 24 decreases and is less, than the pressure in the sub-piston cavity 25 in the housing of the screw tip 13, the springs 30 under the needle valves 29 will begin to compress from the piston cavity 25 through the concentric holes 31 in the bypass sleeve 32, through the gaps between the concentric step With openings 28 in the piston 22 and needle valves 29, compressed gas will begin to flow into the over-piston cavity 24, completing the loosening cycle of frozen or solid soil (Fig. 3).

The pressure of the compressed gas in the piston cavity 25 drops, the springs 30 return the needle valves 29 to a normally closed state, pressing the needle valves 29 to the concentric holes 31 in the bypass sleeve 32 (Fig. 3). And the spring 38 presses the valve 36 against the seat 35, as a result of which the exhaust holes 39 located on the housing 13 of the screw tip are blocked by the valve 36 (Fig. 4).

A spring 53 presses the valve 50 against the seat 51, as a result of which the exhaust openings 54 located on the discharge sleeve 11 are blocked by the valve 50 (FIG. 4). Valves 91 and 96 for controlling the supply of compressed gas are closed (figure 1).

By means of a lifting mechanism (not shown) and a steel cable 109 (FIG. 1), the gas-dynamic cultivator rises several meters from the soil surface.

Under the action of gravity and force on the piston 22 from the side of the supra-piston cavity 24, created by the action of the residual pressure of gases in the supra-piston cavity 24, the firing pin 18 moves down to its initial position (figure 2), and the spring 26 restricts this movement of the firing pin 18.

Then the operator sets the cultivator to a new loosening place, the cycle of work is repeated.

Claims (1)

Gas-dynamic cultivator, including a hollow rod housing 1, kinematically connected and mounted coaxially with the discharge sleeve 11 with exhaust holes 54, kinematically connected with the discharge sleeve 11 and mounted coaxially with the last adapter sleeve 12, kinematically connected with the adapter sleeve 12 and mounted coaxially with the last case 13 screw tip with exhaust holes 39, a vertically arranged guide shaft 6 for fixing on the frame of the base machine, which is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal the movement of the bracket 7 with bushings 8 fixed thereon for connection with the guide shaft 6, valves 91 and 96 for controlling the supply of compressed gas and pipelines for supplying compressed gas from the power source 90 to the gas distribution mechanism, made in the form of a main body fixed to the upper end of the rod housing 1 a working chamber 3 with a hollow shank 4, the inner cavity 62 of which is in communication with the inner cavity 61 of the rod housing 1, rigidly connected to the bracket 7 of the annular housing 5 with four rings located in its wall the main channels 65, 67, 69, 71, installed with the possibility of limited axial movement inside the discharge sleeve 11 and interact with the seat 51 of the valve 50 to communicate with the internal cavity 56 in the seat 51 with exhaust holes 54 in the discharge sleeve 11 having a control chamber 59 located in the control chamber 59, a spring 53 for pressing the valve 50 to the seat 51 and coaxially mounted outer 58, middle 46 and inner 49 inlet tubes located along the longitudinal axis from top to bottom in the inner cavity 63 of the shank 4, in the cavity 62 of the main slave whose chamber 3, in the inner cavity 61 of the rod housing 1, in the cavity 52 of the discharge sleeve 11, in the Central hole 55 in the seat 51, in the cavity 56 of the seat 51, in the Central hole 57 in the valve 50, mounted with limited axial movement inside the housing 13 the screw tip and interact with the seat 35 of the valve 36 to communicate an annular gap between the seat 35 and the inner supply pipe 49 with exhaust holes 39 in the housing 13 of the screw tip having a control chamber 47 and a spring 3 located in the control chamber 47 8 for pressing valve 36 to the seat 35 and middle 46 and inner 49 supply tubes coaxially mounted in the control chamber 47 and one of the annular channels 67 in the wall of the annular body 5 is connected via a valve 96 for controlling the supply of compressed gas with a pipe 89 for supplying compressed gas from the power source 90 and through the radial channels made in the housing 5 is communicated through an external supply tube 58 with a channel control chamber 59 for communicating a cavity 56 in the saddle 51 with exhaust holes 54 in the discharge sleeve 11, and the other the main channel 69 in the wall of the annular body 5 is communicated through a valve 96 for controlling the supply of compressed gas with a pipe 89 for supplying compressed gas from the power source 90 and through the radial channels made in the housing 5 is communicated through the middle supply tube 46 with the valve control chamber 47 for communication 36 an annular gap between the saddle 35 and the inner supply pipe 49 with exhaust holes 39 in the housing 13 of the screw tip, and the third annular channel 65 in the wall of the annular housing 5 is communicated through a valve 91 to control the flow with compressed gas with a pipe 89 for supplying compressed gas from a power source 90 and through radial channels made in the housing 5 is communicated through radial channels 95 and an internal cavity 63 in the liner 4 with an internal cavity 62 of the main working chamber 3, characterized in that it is equipped with an impactor 18 made in the form of a round rod with a pointed conical tip in the lower part with a central hole 19 made in its upper part along the longitudinal axis to install the inner supply tube 49, radial holes 20 for communication with the Central hole 19, a stepped bore, thread 21 on the upper part of the stepped bore, mounted with limited axial movement in the Central hole 17, made from the bottom end in the housing 13 of the screw tip and protruding from it at a distance equal to the stroke of the piston 22, coaxially mounted on the hammer 18 in its upper part, fixed with nuts 23 and placed together with the hammer 18 along the longitudinal axis with the possibility of limited axial movement inside the cavity into the body e 13 screw tip located above the Central hole 17 in the housing 13 of the screw tip for the formation of the over-piston 24 and the under-piston 25 cavities placed in the under-piston cavity 25 spring to limit the movement of the hammer 18 down, and in the piston 22 there is a Central hole 27 for installing the hammer 18 , concentric stepped holes 28 for installation in large diameters of needle valves 29 springs 30 for preloading needle valves 29 to concentric holes 31 made in the bypass sleeve 32, installed in the piston 22 from the side of its lower end, with a central hole 33 made therein for mounting the hammer 18, and from the side of the upper end of the piston 22, smaller diameters of the concentric stepped holes 28 are made, with the fourth annular channel 71 in the wall of the annular body 5 communicated through a valve 91 for controlling the supply of compressed gas with a pipe 89 for supplying compressed gas from a power source 90 and through radial channels made in an annular body 5 is communicated through an internal supply pipe 49 h the Central hole 19 and the radial holes 20 in the hammer 18 with a piston cavity 25 in the housing 13 of the screw tip.

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