RU2231681C1 - Windmill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind power engineering; ecologically clean power generation.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for power generation and carrying out mechanical work. Proposed windmill has structural skeleton with support bearing units of vertical shaft mechanically coupled with mechanical energy consumer and equipped with dismountable casing, hollow windwheel consisting of two horizontal disks with blades and air flow limiting adjuster. Hollow guide-vane assembly enclosing windwheel is installed on shaft (for rotation and feathering) on lower and upper bearings, respectively. Vertical walls of hollow guide-vane assembly form contraction (inlet) and diffuser (outlet) channels for passing air flow. Inlet guide vanes are installed in contraction channel, and outlet guide vanes, in diffuser channel. Protective screen is installed at contraction channel inlet secured over its perimeter (over area of entry of contraction channel of hollow guide-vane assembly).

EFFECT: improved efficiency of windmill and its ecological safety.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to environmentally friendly wind energy, in particular to wind turbines having a vertical axis of rotation, and can be used to generate electricity or perform mechanical work, for example, to create power plants in places where there is no electricity and constant winds prevail.

Known wind turbine [1], containing a structural frame with thrust bearings of a vertical shaft, on which a hollow guide apparatus with side walls forming a confuser-diffuser channel is mounted rotatably, and located inside the hollow guide apparatus, a wind wheel with blades rigidly mounted on the shaft.

The disadvantages of the analogue are:

- large aerodynamic drag of the wind wheel;

- low feathering effect of a hollow guide vane with one concave wall;

- the inability to automatically control the power of the wind turbine and its protection against overloads when wind gusts, hurricanes, etc.

The prototype of the invention is a wind turbine [2], comprising a structural frame with support bearing units of a vertical shaft kinematically connected to a consumer of mechanical energy, a hollow wind wheel rigidly mounted on the shaft, consisting of two horizontal disks with blades, a hollow convex-concave guide apparatus mounted on the shaft with the possibility of rotation and feathering and containing an internal profile baffle covering a wind wheel and forming a confuser-diffuser channel Al with vertical walls, adjusting device for restricting air flow.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- air turbulence at the inlet and outlet of the wind wheel, which significantly reduces the efficiency of converting the energy of the incoming air flow into the torque of the wind wheel shaft;

- injuries (and death) of birds falling between the wind wheel and the hollow guiding device are possible.

These shortcomings set the task of increasing the efficiency of conversion of wind energy and, consequently, increasing the power of the wind turbine, as well as eliminating injuries and death of birds.

This task is achieved by the wind turbine described below, comprising a structural frame with support bearing units of a vertical shaft kinematically connected to a consumer of mechanical energy, a hollow wind wheel rigidly mounted on the shaft from two horizontal disks with blades, a hollow convex-concave guide device mounted for rotation and feathering and containing an internal profile partition covering a wind wheel and forming a confuser-diffuser channel with vertical enkami, adjusting the air flow-limiting device, and further a convergent diffuser channels hollow convex-concave guide apparatus mounted guides (aerodynamic) of the blade and the inlet channel is installed confuser mesh, reinforced at its perimeter.

Installation (installation) in the confuser and diffuser channels of the hollow convex-concave guide apparatus of the guide (aerodynamic) blades is necessary to reduce air turbulence occurring at the inlet and outlet of the wind wheel, significantly reducing the efficiency of converting the energy of the incoming air flow into the torque of the wind wheel shaft.

Installation (installation) at the inlet of the confuser channel of the mesh, fortified around its perimeter, is necessary to exclude possible injuries (and death) of birds falling between the wind wheel and the hollow guiding apparatus.

The implementation of the wind turbine in combination with the foregoing features (features of the claims) is new to wind turbines and, therefore, meets the criterion of "novelty."

The above set of distinctive features is not known at this level of technological development and does not follow from the well-known rules for designing wind turbines and their auxiliary equipment, which proves compliance with the criterion of "inventive step".

The constructive implementation of a wind turbine with the indicated set of essential features does not present any structural, technical and technological difficulties, from which the compliance with the criterion of "industrial applicability" follows.

Figure 1 presents a schematic view of a wind turbine in front with a section along BB.

Figure 2 presents a schematic section along aa of the wind turbine (in figure 1, a top view).

The wind turbine contains (see FIGS. 1 and 2) a structural frame located on the base 1 (concrete slab, soil, and so on). The structural frame consists of vertical posts 2, the upper crossbar 3, the braces 4 and the bearing support units, respectively, the lower 5, located on the base 1, and the upper 6 - in the center of the crossbar 3. A vertical shaft 7 is installed in the supporting bearing units 5 and 6, kinematically connected by a belt 8, chain or other transmission with a consumer of mechanical energy 9, for example, an electric generator with a gearbox. A wind wheel 10 is installed on the shaft 7, consisting of upper and lower horizontal disks rigidly fixed on the shaft 7, respectively, on the periphery of which the blades are fixedly and evenly mounted between them. A hollow guide device 11, covering the wind wheel 10, is mounted on the shaft 7 (with the possibility of rotation and feathering), respectively, on the lower 12 and upper 13 bearings. The vertical walls of the hollow guide vane 11 form the confuser (inlet) and diffuser (outlet) channels for the flow of passing air. The input guide vanes 16 are installed in the confuser channel, and the output guide vanes 17 are installed in the diffuser channel. A mesh (protective) 18 is installed at the entrance of the confuser channel, fortified around its perimeter (by the area of entry into the confuser channel of the hollow guide vanes 11). The mesh size of the mesh 18 can be compared with the linear gap between the wind wheel 10 and the hollow guide apparatus 11. The mesh should preferably be made of thin, high-strength material, for example, a steel wire coated with a corrosion-resistant coating. The mesh should have low aerodynamic resistance to the flow of air passing through it.

The wind turbine operates as follows. The flow of moving air, running onto the hollow guide apparatus 11, due to its concave-convex design and the use of the effect of feathering, automatically turns the apparatus 11 by the confuser channel (with input vanes 16 fixed therein, a protective net 18) against the flow and in this position is stably held up to until the wind changes its direction. The incoming air stream is compressed in the confuser channel without turbulence due to passage through the inlet vanes, while the air flow rate increases and is directed to the blades of the wind wheel 10. The wind wheel 10 receives a torque that is transmitted through the shaft 7 and the kinematic coupling 8 to the consumer of mechanical energy 9 (electric generator with gear). From the wind wheel 10, the air stream enters the diffuser channel with the installed outlet vanes 17, between which it expands without turbulence and additional loss of energy and speed (the flow velocity decreases uniformly) and leaves the apparatus 11. With a strong wind (or with strong gusts of wind ) “Triggers” the adjusting device for restricting the air flow (the same as that of the prototype, not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2), which rotates the hollow guide apparatus in the direction of rotation of the wind wheel 10, while the air flow arriving into the confuser channel and, accordingly, on the wind wheel 10, decreases and its rotation speed decreases. With a strong constant wind, a steady equilibrium position of the apparatus 11 can occur at a certain angle to the direction of the wind, when the friction forces of the automatic centrifugal regulator are balanced by the aerodynamic force of feathering of the apparatus 11.

When servicing the wind turbine and its repair, to ensure the immobility of the wind wheel 10, it is enough to deploy the device 11 with its convex wall against the direction of the wind and fix it in this position in any way (for example, using additional stretch marks).

The power of the wind turbine electric generator can be from 5 to 100 kW, depending on the size (dimensions) of the wind turbine. Installation of a wind turbine of a wind turbine is preferred at heights of at least 10-12 m.

The technical and economic advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the guide (aerodynamic) vanes installed (mounted) in the confuser and diffuser channels of the hollow convex-concave guide apparatus reduce the air turbulence occurring at the inlet and outlet of the wind wheel. This eliminates the cost of energy for vortex formation and significantly increases the efficiency of converting the energy of the incoming air flow into the torque of the wind wheel shaft. And the installation (installation) at the inlet of the confuser channel (reinforced along its perimeter) of the protective net allows you to exclude possible injuries (and death) of birds that can get between the wind wheel and the hollow guiding device.

Sources of information

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2039308, cl. F 03 D 3/02, July 9, 1995, bull. No. 19.

2. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2166665, cl. F 03 D 3/02, 05/10/2001, bull. No. 13 is a prototype.

Claims (1)

A wind turbine comprising a structural frame with support bearings of a vertical shaft kinematically connected to a consumer of mechanical energy, a hollow wind wheel rigidly mounted on the shaft from two horizontal disks with blades, a hollow convex-concave guide apparatus mounted for rotation and feathering and containing an internal profile partition covering a windwheel and forming a confuser-diffuser channel with vertical walls, adjusting limitation device air flow, characterized in that guiding (aerodynamic) vanes are installed in the confuser and diffuser channels of the hollow convex-concave guide apparatus and a mesh is installed at the inlet of the confuser channel, fortified around its perimeter.

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