RU2230952C2 - Tooth clutch with disengagement of drive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for connecting shafts of drive with compensation of misalignment of shaft axes up to 2 degrees with disengagement of drive and its engagement manually in state position. Proposed clutch consists of housing accommodating driving and driven gear wheels connected by gear bushing. Driving gear wheel is connected with shaft by key, and driven gear wheel is provided with two gear rims and it freely turns on driven shaft when clutch is disengaged. Gear bushing is connected with first rim of driven wheel, and with second rim gear carriage is connected when clutch is engaged. With clutch disengaged, carriage is shifted along splines of driven shaft from second gear rim by turn of lever, and lever is fixed. Meshing of teeth at engaging of clutch is provided owing to the fact that teeth are made on end face of two rim gear wheel and on end face of shifted gear carriage as extensions of available teeth, and single tooth is provided. Said single tooth is also extension of one of available teeth. Teeth on end face are provided with chamfers in contact with chamfers of single tooth. Screw channels of opposite helix are made for lubrication. Said channels are found on surface of contact of two rim gear wheel with shaft.

EFFECT: possibility of manual engagement and disengagement of drive, provision of reliability and long service without repair and maintenance.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely, drives that use a gear clutch to transmit torque to shafts whose axes are misaligned and skew up to 1.5 ... 2 degrees and where manual activation (deactivation) of the drive with the purpose of turning or moving structures, parts of aggregates, machines or other goods, as well as when reliability and long-term operation without repair and maintenance are required.

Known GOST 5006-83 for gear couplings that are not equipped with a device for disabling the drive and cannot be used to solve the problem posed in the present invention.

Known mechanisms for switching on and off in couplings (England patents CL F 16 D 23/06 No. 201589 from 02.21.1979, No. 2101240 from 1.07.1981, No. 23233642 from September 30, 1998), in which complex synchronizing devices are used mechanisms (subject to wear) that align the speeds of the rotating elements of the couplings to ensure their connection (inclusion) using special drives. In this case, teeth with bevels on the connected elements are used. These couplings do not solve the problem posed within the scope of the invention, do not enable inclusion in a static position and when the tooth tips on the elements connected to each other coincide, because due to errors in the circumferential steps (even within the tolerance) there will be at least one pair of joined teeth , which in relation to other pairs will tend to rotate the elements in the opposite direction. The presence of a large number of mating teeth interferes in the absence of rotation to perform docking. In addition, the use of such complex, short-lived, requiring maintenance and repair (with the replacement of wearing parts) devices to a gear clutch, which should provide compensation for the skew of the shafts when transmitting significant torques, complicates the design, increases the dimensions, increases the cost, reduces the reliability and durability.

Known clutch (RF patent No. 2091621, application No. 94041230/28 dated 11/14/1994, class F 16 D 11/00) containing a flanged coupling half with sockets for fingers for orientation when turned on and for other fingers for transmitting torque and coupling half ( hub and housing), the housing of which is connected to the hub by a threaded thread.

The coupling is equipped with a drive for moving the housing relative to the hub (guide rods, through axial channels, springs, hub collars, ring thrust bearings ...). This device is not applicable in a gear clutch due to the complexity of the design, large dimensions and the inability to transmit large torques with cylindrical fingers to ensure skew compensation of the shaft coupling to be coupled, due to an increase in the clutch on (off) force (requiring an additional drive) caused by the presence of a running thread and large chamfers.

Known clutch (RF patent No. 1800167, application No. 4911815/27 dated 02.15.1991, class F 16 D 23/00) containing a coupling half movable along the splines (due to the drive) connected through an elastic pusher to a ring in contact with a conical surface with fixed gear. The elastic pusher is placed in the tooth groove of the movable coupling half and when moving the coupling half moves the ring, which, due to the contact of the conical surface, rotates the gear and ensures the connection of the teeth of the coupling half with the teeth of the sleeve connected by splines with the gear. Clutch engagement is performed by many parts, including friction ones. A mechanized drive or a manual one with a large gear ratio is needed to overcome the efforts to rotate a number of parts and a fixed gear connected to a rotated (moved) mass of cargo. On the ring and on the movable half-coupling, teeth are made with lead-in chamfers on mutually facing sides, which in a static position do not provide switching on when the tops of the teeth brought to each other will coincide, because due to errors in the circumferential steps (even within the tolerance ) there will be at least one pair of joined teeth, which in relation to other pairs will tend to rotate the elements in the opposite direction. For the gear clutch in the present invention, designed for significant loads, this switch-off clutch will greatly complicate the design, reduce reliability and reduce service life. In addition, two couplings will be required - one gear to compensate for the misalignment of the shafts, the second - included (disconnected).

A device is known - a clutch for turning the front wheel on and off from the car drive (AS No. 94036339/28, F 16 D 11/00), which contains a housing with internal splines, a movable (driven) and fixed (leading rotary) splined bushings , a compression spring, a switch ..., as well as an axial movement mechanism of the movable sleeve, consisting of a driving sleeve with a groove on its cylindrical surface in the form of upper and lower horizontal sections and a helical line, and a driven sleeve, on the outer surface of which slots are made, and to internally d - a recess beads, and synchronizing device with a tension spring. Due to the rotation (drive) of the drive sleeve and the movement of the balls in the grooves, the driven sleeve moves in the axial direction and, under the action of the tension spring, the sleeve (with external and internal splines) moves axially along the external splines and its internal splines (actually the teeth) disengage with splines (teeth) of the sleeve, separating the housing and, therefore, disconnecting the wheel from the drive. When the switch is turned in the opposite direction, the splines (teeth) are connected by the force of another spring - compression. This device in relation to the claimed is the closest in technical essence, namely, to perform the functions of disconnecting and turning off the drive, and therefore it is taken as a prototype to the invention according to claim 1 (see the claims).

The disadvantages of the prototype include the complexity of the design (the presence of spline bushings with ball mechanisms, compression and tension springs, a switch), low reliability (wear in the synchronization device), the need to rotate the case (with load from the load) when the splines (teeth) disengage, which requires apply drive to switch.

The present invention eliminates these disadvantages due to the fact that the wheel freely mounted on the shaft is provided with two gear rims, the sleeve with internal teeth is in contact with the gear wheel rigidly connected to the shaft, and with one of the rims of the gear wheel freely mounted on the shaft, and the gear carriage is mounted with the possibility of connecting to another rim of the gear freely mounted on the shaft, while at the end of the two-gear gear teeth are made as extensions of existing teeth, and at the end The tooth gear is made of a single tooth as a continuation of one of the existing reciprocal teeth, while the teeth at the end are equipped with bevels in contact with the bevels of a single tooth when the gear clutch is turned on. The specified set of features ensures the manual inclusion of the coupling without an additional drive, reduces wear on contact and ensures long-term operation without maintenance and repair.

A device for lubricating the sliding spindle of a horizontal boring machine (A.S. No. 1048234, application No. 3478597 / 25-08 of 03.16.1982, CL F 16 N 1/00, 23 Q 11/12) is known, which contains through screw channels through which the oil during rotation of the spindle falls on the friction surface and these channels are directed to the front end of the sliding spindle and against its rotation. This device in relation to the claimed is the closest in technical essence and therefore adopted the closest analogue according to claim 2 (see the claims).

The disadvantage of this analogue is the lack of lubrication of the friction surfaces of the rotating shaft when the direction of rotation is reversed. The present invention eliminates this drawback due to the fact that on the contact surface of the two-gear gear with the shaft there are made helical channels of the opposite direction, interacting for the passage of lubricant with radial channels on the thrust washers in contact with the ends of the two-gear gear in different directions of rotation of the shaft.

The essence of the invention is shown in the drawings. In Fig.1 shows a gear clutch in longitudinal section in the on state, Fig.2 is the same in the off state. Figure 3 shows the screw channels 8 and 9 on the contact surface of the two-gear gear with the shaft (dashed-dotted line shows conditionally the channels that did not fall into the cut). Figure 4 shows the radial channels on the washers 15 and 16. Figure 5 shows the mismatch of the teeth of the prototype and analogues. Figure 6 - inclusion of the clutch in the present invention.

On the drive shaft 1, a gear wheel 3 (with external teeth) is installed on the key 2, which is fixed by a set screw 4, a locked spring ring 5. The second gear wheel (with external teeth) - double-crowned 6 - is mounted on the driven shaft 7 with the ability to rotate freely. On the inner surface of the double-crown gear 6, helical channels 8 and 9 are made in the opposite direction for oil to pass onto the contact surface 10. In the axial direction, the double-crown wheel is fixed with a bolt 11, a washer 12, which prevents it from rotating with a pin 13. The bolt 11 is locked with a bend washer with a mustache . An adjusting ring 14 is installed between the washer 12 and the end face of the driven shaft 7. The thrust washers 15 and 16 to the left and right of the two-crown gear have radial channels 17 and 18 for oil passage. The annular cavities 19 and 20 are oil reservoirs. The teeth of the wheel 3 and the teeth of one rim of the gear wheel 6 are connected by a gear sleeve 21 (with internal teeth), which is fixed with a screw 22 (locked with a folding washer with a mustache) with the possibility of tilting and swinging within the limits established for gear couplings, in order to compensate for the distortion of the shafts 1 and 7. On the splines 23 of the shaft 7 there is a gear carriage 24 (with internal teeth), which can move axially when the axis 25 is rotated with the lever 26. The left, figure 1, the extreme position of the carriage 24 corresponds to the included position of the coupling, right 2nd, figure 2, - off position. The teeth 27 at the end of the two-gear wheel 6 have bevels 28 as a continuation of the existing external teeth. There is a single tooth 29 at the end of the carriage as an extension of one of the internal teeth, also with bevels 30, which are in contact with the bevels of any two teeth 27 and thereby enable the clutch when the axis 25 is turned with the lever 26. It is not shown in the drawing, but a single tooth with bevels as a continuation of one of the existing teeth can be located on the end face of the carriage but not on the end of the two-wheel wheel and can contact any bevels with its bevels two teeth placed on the end of the carriage. It is the presence of only one tooth that does not create obstacles to inclusion. Figure 5 shows the inclusion of the coupling in the presence of not one, but all the teeth with bevels. Due to errors (within the tolerance), t can occur on the circumferential steps when the tooth vertices touch, when, for example, one tooth falls into the hollow due to the opposite displacement along the circumference with respect to other teeth. This will require rotation of the shaft to create a favorable condition for engaging the coupling. In other analogues, this defect is eliminated by various devices and synchronizers. In the present invention - only the use of one tooth. The coupling is isolated from the external environment by a housing consisting of a base 31 and a cover 32. Lids 33 with seals are fixed at the ends. The base is mounted on a support with flanges 34 and bolted. Technological (detachable) devices 35 are used to mount the housing and, after fixing it, are removed. The cover 37 closes the hatch through which the engagement is controlled and oil is poured, the breather 37 is designed to communicate the internal volume with the atmosphere and to balance the pressure.

Coupling work. When moving the carriage 24 to the left position, a single tooth 29 enters one of the depressions between any two teeth 27, providing an unhindered connection of the teeth of the carriage with the teeth of the two-crown wheel. After turning on the drive, the oil penetrates into the radial channels 17 and 18 by spraying the rotating parts of the coupling immersed in the rotating parts of the coupling, penetrating into the radial channels 17 and 18, and through them through the annular cavities 19 and 20 into the screw channels 8 and 9. depending on the direction of rotation of the shaft 7, the oil will move along the channels 8 or 9. After the clutch is turned off (the carriage moves to the right), when the driving shaft 1 rotates, or if the driven shaft 7 rotates, regardless of shaft 1 due to the backup (backup) drive, to the surface pin 10 will be entered be oil.

Claims (2)

1. A gear clutch with a drive shutdown, containing gears, the first of which is rigidly connected to the shaft, and the second is freely mounted on the other shaft, a sleeve with internal teeth in contact with the gears, and a gear carriage located on the shaft with the ability to move along him to connect with the rim of the gear wheel freely mounted on the shaft, characterized in that the wheel freely mounted on the shaft is equipped with two gear rims, the sleeve with internal teeth is in contact with the gear wheel, gesture about connected to the shaft, and with one of the rims of the gear wheel, freely mounted on the shaft, and the gear carriage is mounted with the possibility of connection with the other rim of the gear wheel, freely mounted on the shaft, while the teeth are made on the end of the two-gear wheel as a continuation of the existing teeth, and at the end of the movable gear carriage, a tooth is made as a continuation of one of the existing reciprocal teeth, while the teeth at the end are equipped with bevels in contact with the bevels of a single tooth when the gear clutch is turned on. 2. The gear clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that on the contact surface of the two-gear wheel with the shaft there are made helical channels of the opposite direction, interacting for the passage of lubricant through the annular cavities with radial channels on the thrust washers in contact with the ends of the two-gear wheel in different directions shaft rotation.

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