RU2230809C1 - Flux for melt, refining, inoculation of non-ferrous metals amd alloys - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of non-ferrous metals alloys.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with non-ferrous metallurgy and alloys, in particular, to fluxes for melt, refining, inoculation of non-ferrous metals, and also to welding fluxes. The offered flux for melts, refinings and inoculation of non-ferrous metals and alloys includes cakes of zirconium production. At that in the capacity of filter cakes of zirconium production are used fluoride filter cakes of neutralization of fluorine - chlorine-containing solutions of production of potassium fluorozirconate and the wastes electrolyte of zirconium electrolysis productions at the following components ratio (in mass %): a fluoride filter cake - 10-30; the waste electrolyte - 70-90. At that the waste electrolyte has the following chemical composition (in mass ): КС1 - 12-20; NaCl - 2-4; NaF - 1-3; K₂ZrF₄ - 10-15;

KF - the rest. Technical result - production of universal fluoride flux having liner, refining and modifying properties at simultaneous decrease of costs of its production.

EFFECT: the invention allows to produce a universal fluoride flux having liner, refining and modifying properties at simultaneous decrease of costs of its production.

2 cl, 3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the metallurgy of non-ferrous metals and alloys, in particular to metallurgical and welding fluxes. Known flux for processing aluminum alloys by ed. St. SU 1033561, M. Cl. C 22 C 1/06; C 22 V 9/10, which is a mixture of dump cakes for the production of zirconium dioxide by the calc-chloride method and sodium carbonate.

The disadvantage of the flux is a narrow scope, namely the refining of aluminum alloys with magnesium and the alloying of aluminum alloys with silicon.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a flux according to ed. St. N, 840178; C 22 C 1/06; C 22 V 9/10, dated June 25, 1981, intended for the processing of aluminum alloys.

Flux includes cakes for the production of zirconium lime-chloride method.

Cake contains, wt.%:

Silica 84-86

Zirconium Compounds 14-15

Calcium Chloride 0.7-0.9

The advantage of the flux is the low cost of the flux, because the basis of the flux is production waste. In addition, the physicomechanical properties of the processed aluminum alloy are improved due to the modification with zirconium compounds present in the waste products of zirconium dioxide. Flux is used as refining, alloying and modifying.

The disadvantages of the flux include a narrow scope, namely, only for processing certain aluminum alloys, and the flux is not coverslip, because It contains up to 85% silica, the melting temperature of which is 1710 ° C, and the melting temperature of aluminum, copper, and also alloys based on each metal does not exceed 1100 ° C.

The melting temperature of the coating fluxes should be lower than the superheat temperature of the liquid bath of the alloy being treated, while the flux must have satisfactory fluidity, since it is necessary to protect the melt mirror from oxidation and burning of fusible components.

The problem solved by the claimed invention is to obtain a universal fluoride flux having integumentary, refining and modifying properties while reducing the cost of its production.

The technical solution to the problem lies in the fact that fluoride cakes for neutralizing fluorine-chlorine-containing waste solutions formed during the production of potassium fluorozirconate and spent electrolyte from the electrolysis production of zirconium are used as flux ingredients in the following ratio, wt.%:

Fluoride cakes 10-30

Spent electrolyte 70-90

The spent electrolyte has the following composition, wt.%:

KCl 12-20

NaCl 2-4

NaF 1-3

K ₂ ZrF ₆ 10-15

KF Else

Fluoride cakes and spent electrolyte are waste products. Muffins are sent to dumps and require additional costs to prevent environmental pollution. The spent electrolyte is partially used in the opening of zirconium concentrates, however, the fluoride compounds of the spent electrolyte also go to dumps.

Fluoride cake for neutralization of effluent solutions is a powdered synthetic calcium fluoride - CaF ₂ , formed when neutralizing F ^- and Cl ^{- with} milk of lime - Ca (OH) ₂ . Calcium fluoride has a high purity of impurities and a particle size of less than one hundred microns, which excludes grinding operations in the preparation of a flux mixture.

The spent electrolyte is a melt of halide salts of potassium and sodium, as well as potassium fluorozirconate. Potassium fluorozirconate in the flux is a source of a modifier of non-ferrous metals and alloys. Zirconium from K ₂ ZrF ₆ during melting goes into the processed alloy and creates additional centers of crystallization of the molten metal.

The limits of the content of flux ingredients are due to the following.

The melting point of the proposed flux is 700-750 ° C. When the cake content in the flux is more than 30%, the melting temperature of the flux increases, which reduces the flux coating during the remelting of aluminum alloys.

When the cake content in the flux is less than 10%, an increased hydrolysis of the flux is observed.

When the content of spent electrolyte in the flux is less than 70%, the modifying properties of the flux are reduced.

When the electrolyte content is more than 90%, the hydrolyzability of the flux increases significantly, storage conditions and preparation of the flux for use are complicated.

In contrast to the prototype, the use of fluoride cakes of zirconium production, including calcium fluoride, in combination with spent electrolyte of electrolytic production of zirconium powder, in the indicated proportions, made it possible to obtain a universal flux, coating, refining and modifying, used in the smelting of aluminum, copper and their alloys. Thus, the proposed composition of the flux gives it new properties, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

Such a flux composition, for example, was used in the deoxidation of bronze and brass, and in the smelting and casting of these alloys. Castings had a dense, fine-grained structure.

When applying the flux according to the prototype, bronze is not deoxidized. Metal in any section of the rod has significant porosity, large grain and low mechanical properties.

The proposed universal flux was obtained by the traditional method - by mixing the ingredients.

Examples of the use of flux.

Example 1. Fluoride cake and spent electrolyte (composition of claim 2 of the formula), with the ratios shown in table 1, was used in the smelting of bronze OCS-555 in the furnace IS-160.

The flux mass was 2% of the mass of the alloy. The flux was loaded onto the bottom of the graphite crucible, which provided additional cleaning of the alloy droplets passing through the molten flux layer, which completely covered the molten metal bath. After complete melting of the charge, the alloy was mixed and settled for 10-15 minutes in order to separate flux and alloy.

The flux was removed from the melt surface with a special scoop, and the bronze was poured into the casting ladle.

Table 1 presents the composition of the flux with different contents of the ingredients.

Table 2 presents the results of mechanical tests, grain size and porosity assessment of OTSS-555 bronze in ingots melted using the proposed flux, compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and using the prototype flux.

Thus, comparative tests showed an increased quality of the OCS-555 bronze smelted using the developed flux, in comparison with the known one.

Example 2. The flux with the composition of the ingredients according to claim 1 of the formula was used for remelting and casting bronze BrAZh-9-4 in the furnace IS-160.

The ratio of flux ingredients is shown in table 1.

The flux mass was 2% of the mass of the alloy. Technological operations were performed analogously to example 1.

Table 3 presents the results of tests of mechanical properties, an assessment of the size of a shrink shell, an assessment of the microporosity of cast bronze BrAZh-9-4 in ingots smelted using the proposed flux - compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and using a flux according to the prototype.

Comparative tests of the BrAZZh-9-4 remelted and cast into the bronze rods showed the advantage of the proposed flux in comparison with the known one. The effect of flux on the linear size of the shrinkage shell in ingots and the microporosity of the alloy is especially indicative.

The proposed flux was tested in automatic arc welding of copper molds for vacuum arc furnaces. The proposed flux successfully replaces the flux AN-13 M, TU-05447444.009.98

Seams made using the proposed flux passed the vacuum test.

Thus, the flux can be used for melting, refining and modifying copper, aluminum and alloys based on them, as well as in the automatic welding of alloys.

The company has all the components of flux in the form of pure waste from zirconium production and can produce up to 500 tons of flux per year.

Claims (2)

1. A flux for smelting, refining and modifying non-ferrous metals and alloys containing zirconium cake, characterized in that the zirconium cake is used fluoride cake neutralizing fluorine-chlorinated solutions of potassium fluorozirconate production and spent electrolyte of electrolysis zirconium production in the following ratio of components, weight.%: Fluoride cake 10-30 Spent electrolyte 70-90 2. The flux according to claim 1, characterized in that the spent electrolyte has the following chemical composition, wt.%: KCl 12-20 NaCl 2-4 NaF 1-3 K ₂ ZrF ₆ 10-15 KF Else