RU2230451C2 - System for water treatment and supplying of nutritive mixture into soil by drop irrigation process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture and agricultural engineering, in particular, drop irrigation systems for directed supplying of water and nutritive solutions to rootage system of each plant.

SUBSTANCE: system has water source, pumping station, vessel for preparing of nutritive solution, filter, pressure gauges, lock fittings, main pipeline, distributing and irrigation pipeline main, individual and/or grouped droppers, with mentioned parts of system being hydraulically communicated with one another. Water purifying filter is made three-staged. First stage is made in the form of hydraulic cyclone and is adapted for removal of mineral and plant contaminants and suspensions. Hydraulic cyclone is equipped with concentrically arranged self-cleaning strainer and settling chamber for collecting of contamination products. Second stage is made in the form of horizontally positioned vessel filled with filtering material and adapted for fine purification. Upper slit-type pipe and lower drain pipes of water distributing system are properly arranged in said vessel. Said pipes are adapted for discharging of water from cyclone and supplying it into third stage for final purifying from suspension. Filter final stage is made in the form of horizontal slit-type filter. Nutrient solution preparing vessel is hydraulically connected in parallel with main (pipeline) between first and second filter stages. Filter final stage is provided with means for removal of silt deposition from horizontal vessel. Purified water meter is mounted rearward of slit-type filter of irrigation water third purifying stage. Main pipeline is hydraulically connected to distributing pipeline via pressure regulator equipped with control pressure gauge. Pressure gauge is mounted in system main between water meter and filter third stage for water and nutritive mixture purification. Slit-type filer is positioned for quick dismantling. Second stage filter has contaminant products discharge line. Valve is mounted first stage hydraulic cyclone and second stage fine filter. Pair of pressure gauges are mounted at inlet and outlet ends of valve for controlling water pressure in vessel. Fine filtering material may be gauged sand with particles of 1-5 mm diameter, large-sized sand particles and crushed stone particles with 1-5 mm and 5-20 mm diameter, respectively. Second stage filter vessel is formed from equally sized concentrically arranged pipes with ends joined by closures.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of system and improved quality of purified water.

10 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and agricultural machinery, in particular to drip irrigation systems for the directed supply of water and nutrient solutions to the root zone of each irrigated plant.

A well-known drip irrigation system for sheltered soil, including a water source, a pump, plant feed with mineral fertilizers, a filter with manometers, main, distribution and irrigation pipelines, connecting parts, gate valves, remote control valves, droppers and guide tubes (see the advertising brochure of VDNKh USSR : Drip irrigation system for sheltered soil (VNII waterpolymer design) - Jelgava (Latvian SSR) - 1987. - p. 4 / Compiled by R.T. Balode, Ya.A. Karklis, A.B.Solodovnik, Z. P. Zeps. Copy of pr Laga).

A disadvantage of this system is that dissolved fertilizers are fed into the filter before the water itself is purified, thereby exacerbating the processes of clogging of the filtration material.

A drip irrigation system is also known, including a water source, a settling basin, a pumping station and an irrigation network with droppers, in which, in order to increase the reliability of operation and reduce operating costs, the system is equipped with linearly extended tube filters laid in soil along the shore of the water source and buried below the level groundwater, with tubular filters communicated with a sump-pool, which is designed closed (SU, Inventor's certificate №1551285, A1, M.kl. ⁵ a 01 G 25/02. drip irrigation system ./N.A. Kudel, A.V. Shevchenko and M.I. Romashchenko (USSR) .- Application No. 4443850 / 30-15; Stated May 6, 1988; Publish. March 23, 1990, Bull. No. 11 / Discovery. Inventions. - 1990. - No. 11).

The disadvantages of this drip irrigation system are the large material and labor costs associated with the construction of a settling basin and laying tubular filters under the groundwater level. Filtration of filters cannot be removed with countercurrent water.

Known sump for wastewater treatment, comprising a housing with nozzles for introducing the source fluid and outputting the separated phases, rows of inclined shelves with corrugations and troughs for draining the fraction, in which, in order to improve the quality of cleaning, the troughs are arranged in rows along the entire height of the apparatus along its longitudinal axis between the rows of inclined shelves and have a bias towards the nozzles of the phase leads, and the grooves of one row are installed with the bottom down, and the row adjacent to it are installed with the bottom up, while the direction of the corrugations of the shelves coincides with the direction of their inclination (SU, copyright certificate No. 895929, M.cl. ³ C 02 F 1/40. Sump for wastewater treatment / V.N.Krasnovekin, F.I. Mutin, M. B. Glaser and others (USSR) - Application No. 2449243 / 23-26. Declared 02/03/1977. Publish. 07.08.1982. Bull. No. 1 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1982. - No. 1).

The disadvantage of the described sump in relation to the problem being solved is the low efficiency of removing sediment from the shelves of the corrugations.

A filter for water purification is also known, comprising a cylindrical mesh housing, a coaxial cylinder installed in it, a coarse-grained floating loading layer located in the annular space between the housing and the cylinder, and a fine-grained loading layer, in which, in order to improve the quality of water treatment from oil, a fine-grained loading layer located inside the cylinder, the latter is made of a fibrous non-woven filter material, the ratio of the thickness of the coarse-grained layer to the inner radius of the cylinder being it is 2: 1 (SU, copyright certificate No. 1594149, A1, M.C. ⁵ C 02 F 1/40, B 01 D 24/00. Filter for water purification / M.V. Petrenko and O.V. Vopilova (USSR) .- Application No. 4359753 / 23-26; Declared January 7, 1988. Published on September 23, 1990. Bull. No. 35 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1990. - No. 35).

The disadvantages of this filter include limited functionality, low technical and operational reliability of a coarse-grained floating load and fine-grained loading inside a non-woven filter material. When filling the pores of the feed material, the latter must be disposed of by burning or burial.

The closest analogue to the claimed object according to the functional purpose and quality of the common essential distinguishing features is a system for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil, containing a container for preparing a nutrient solution, a filter, a nutrient filler, an water inlet, according to the utility model, the latter contains a sprinkler, the system further comprises a storage tank, perimeter hermetically connected to the container for the nutrient solution, having a transitional a nozzle connecting the tank to the tank, from where water flows by gravity into the tank, and an aerator is connected to the air inlet (oxygen) at the bottom of the tank, while the outlet of the prepared water is placed below the water level in the tank, which does not exceed the level of the transition a nozzle from a container for preparing a nutrient solution (RU, utility model certificate No. 22399, U1, IPC ⁷ A 01 G 27/00. System for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture to the soil. / I.A. Galkin (RU). - Application No. 2001129552/20. Stated October 31, 2001. Publ. 04/10/2002 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2002. - No. 10. - S. 244).

The disadvantages of this system, which we adopted as the closest analogue, are low productivity due to the vertical placement of the filter and the inability to remove colmatage from the system cavity without completely disassembling it, poor quality of water treatment, unjustified design complexity and lack of full processability for serial production.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is the expansion of the functionality of the water treatment system and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil under drip irrigation.

EFFECT: increased productivity and quality of purified water.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known system for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil under drip irrigation, including hydraulically connected water source, pump station, tank for preparing the nutrient solution, filter, manometers, shutoff valves, main pipeline, network distribution and irrigation pipelines, individual and / or group droppers, according to the invention, the filter for water purification is made in three stages: the first stage for removing mineral litter, plant impurities and suspensions it is made in the form of a hydrocyclone equipped with a self-cleaning mesh filter concentrically installed in its cavity and a sedimentation chamber for collecting pollution products; the second stage of fine cleaning is presented in the form of a horizontally installed sealed container filled with filtration material with an upper slotted and lower drainage pipes of a water distribution system for supplying water from a hydrocyclone and draining water into the third stage for final cleaning, presented in the form of a horizontally installed slotted filter, a container for preparing nutrient solution are hydraulically parallel connected to the network between the first and second stages of the filter, while the latter is equipped with ozhnostyu colmatage removal of horizontally mounted vessel, and purified water flow meter is mounted behind a slit third filter irrigation water purification stage; the main pipeline is hydraulically connected to the distribution pipe by means of a pressure regulator provided with a control pressure gauge; a pressure gauge is mounted in the network between the water flow meter and the filter of the third stage of water purification; a slotted filter in the housing of the third cleaning stage is installed with the possibility of accelerated dismantling; the filter of the second cleaning stage has a network for the removal of pollution products, and its upper slotted pipe with the lower drainage pipes is connected through a valve; in the hydraulic network between the hydrocyclone of the first stage of purification and the fine filter of the second stage, a valve is mounted, at the inlet and outlet of which a pair of pressure gauges is placed to control the water pressure in the tank for preparing the nutrient solution; in the network between the pump and the hydrocyclone, valves and a manometer are installed.

Filtration material is presented in the form of size-calibrated sand with a grain diameter of 1-5 mm; the filtering material is presented in the form of layer-by-layer coarse-grained sand and gravel with a size of 1-5 and 5-20 mm, respectively, placed in a container in the second stage the tank is made of isometric concentrically installed thick-walled pipes, the ends of which are connected by plugs.

Due to the fact that the system for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture to the soil under drip irrigation is equipped with a three-stage filter for purifying the collected water from an open reservoir and means for removing colmatage from the filter material when the second stage of the tank is horizontally placed, the above technical result is achieved.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of “novelty” under applicable law.

To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the requirement of “inventive step”, the applicant conducted an additional patent search of known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed invention from the closest analogue, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not explicitly follow from the prior art, since from the prior art determined by the applicant, it is not revealed the impact of the essential features claimed th invention of the requirements to achieve a technical result.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a system for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil under drip irrigation. Figure 2 in a perspective view shows a system for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil under drip irrigation.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention are as follows.

The system for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture to the soil under drip irrigation (see Figs. 1 and 2) includes hydraulically connected water source 1, pump station 2, tank 3 for preparing the nutrient solution, filter 4, manometers 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, valves in the form of valves 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, the main pipeline 18, a network of distribution and irrigation pipelines 19, 20 and individual and / or group droppers 21.

The systems for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture relative to the irrigation pipelines 20 and droppers 21 are geographically removed at a distance of no more than two to three kilometers. With a decrease in the length of the main pipeline 18, the efficiency of the system increases dramatically.

The filter 4 for purifying water from source 1 (open pond or well) is made in three stages. The first stage of purification is designed to remove mineral debris, plant impurities and suspensions with a minimum particle size of up to 0.5 mm and is made in the form of a hydrocyclone 22. The hydrocyclone 22 is equipped with a self-cleaning strainer 23 concentrically installed in its cavity and a sedimentation chamber 24 for collecting pollution products. The second stage of the filter 4 provides for finer water purification and is presented in the form of a horizontally installed container 26 filled with filtration material 25. The container 26 is made of concentric pipes of different sizes and thick-walled 27 and 28. The ends of the pipes 27 and 28 are connected by plugs 29 and 30 of sheet steel with a thickness of 16 -20 mm.

Filtration material 25 is presented in the form of size-calibrated sand with a grain diameter of 1-6 mm. Alternatively, to increase the performance of the filter, the filter material 25 is presented in the form of layer-by-layer coarse-grained washed sand and crushed stone with a particle size of 0.5-2.0 mm, respectively, placed in a container 26 of the second stage. Dolomite crushed stone with grain sizes of 5-20 mm was used as a major substitute. The bulk density is 1.3 tons per m ³ . Bulk mass of crushed stone 2.62 t / m ³ . Frost resistance grade F = 200, strength 1000-1200 kgf / cm ² (100-120 MPa). Silica sand with a fineness modulus of 2.5 was used as a fine aggregate. The content of clay and clay impurities does not exceed 1%. The grain size is 1-5 mm. In the container 26, the upper slotted tube 31 and the lower drainage pipes 32 are appropriately placed. The drainage pipes 32 are mutually connected by a collector 33 (see FIG. 2). The collector 33 with the upper slotted pipe 31 is connected by a riser 34 and a valve 16 (see figures 1 and 2). Pipes 31 and 32 provide the supply of water from the hydrocyclone 22 and the removal of filtered water in the third stage for final cleaning. The filter 4 of the second cleaning stage has a network for the removal of pollution products. The upper slit pipe 31 with the lower drainage pipes 32 is connected via a valve 16 on the riser 34. The third stage of water purification is presented as a slot filter 36 horizontally mounted in the housing 45. The slot filter 36 in the housing 35 of the third water purification stage is installed with the possibility of accelerated dismantling.

The container 3 for preparing the nutrient solution is hydraulically connected in parallel to the network between the first and second stages of the filter, i.e. into the pipeline 37, divided into parts by the valve 14. At the inlet and outlet of the valve 14, pressure gauges 6 and 7 and valves 12 and 13 are mounted by means of nipples. The output ends of the valves 12 and 13 are connected by pipelines 38 and 39 to the sealed container 3. The cavity of the container 3 is periodically filled instant mineral fertilizers, macro- and microelements, herbicides or other solutions to improve the nutritional status of cultivated plants.

The filter 4 of the second cleaning stage is equipped with the ability to remove the clogging from the cavity of a horizontally installed sealed container 26. For this, the riser 34 is equipped with a valve 15 and is divided into parts by a second valve 16 that separates the upper slotted pipe 31 and the drainage pipes 32 when cleaning the water in the tank 26.

The system for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture has a counter 40 for the consumption of purified water. The meter 40 in the hydraulic network is mounted on the nozzle of the housing 35 behind the slotted filter 34 of the third stage of irrigation water purification before being fed into the main pipe 18. The mentioned main pipe 18 is hydraulically connected to the distribution pipe 19 by means of a pressure regulator 41 provided with a pressure gauge 9. In the network between the meter 40 water flow and the filter of the third stage (housing 35) mounted manometer 8.

Valves 10 and 11 and a manometer 5 are installed in the network between the pump 2 of the station and the hydrocyclone 22. Similarly, in the hydraulic network between the hydrocyclone 22 of the first cleaning stage and the fine filter 4 of the second stage, a valve 14 is mounted, at the input and output of which a pair of pressure gauges 6 and 7 to control the pressure of water in the tank 3 for the preparation of a nutrient solution. A series of pressure gauges 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, sequentially installed in the hydraulic network, with the pump 2 running, control the entire cycle of water supply and purification.

The system of water preparation and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil under drip irrigation works as follows.

We consider the operation of the system as an example of the three most characteristic cases of operation during the growing season of cultivated irrigated crops: 1) drip irrigation; 2) top dressing with macro- and microelements; 3) cleaning the filtration material and removing clogging.

Water from source 1 is taken by a pump 2 stations and under operating pressure with open valves 10 and 11 are directed into the cavity of the hydrocyclone 22. A pressure gauge 5 fixes the working pressure at the inlet to the hydraulic network of the filter 4. Under the influence of gravitational and centrifugal forces in the cavity of the hydrocyclone 22, heavy and large Suspensions, mineral debris and plant impurities from the surface of the strainer 23 are deposited in the chamber 24 to collect pollution products. Water flowing through the slots of the filter 23 enters the pipe 37 and, with the valve 14 open, is sent to the container 26 of the filter 4 by means of an upper perforated or slotted pipe 31. The mass of water supplied by the pipe 31 is evenly distributed on the surface of the filter material 25 laid in the container 26. Under the action of gravitational forces and excessive pressure of the water itself, its molecules penetrate through the pores between adjacent grains of sand and / or gravel and move in the direction of the drainage pipes 32. Suspensions with particle sizes of 0.1-0.5 mm are deposited in the layers of the dog and and rubble. The purified water through the drainage pipes 32 from a sealed tank flows into the collector 33, and from it enters the housing 35 of the third stage of treatment. Slot filter 36 captures suspensions with particle sizes less than 0.1 mm After passing through the cavity of the meter 40 flow (volume) of irrigation water, the latter under pressure through the main pipe 18 is sent to the pressure regulators 41, which set the required pressure in the network before the irrigation water is supplied to the dropper 21 through the distribution and bulk pipelines 19, 20.

Each dropper 21 in strictly dosed volumes gives out within 2-4 hours individually required irrigation water under the root of each plant.

When fertilizing irrigated agricultural plants with macro- and microelements, instant mineral fertilizers (urea, urea, amofoska, etc.) are poured into the tank 3. Cap 3 is tightly closed with a cover. Valve 14 reduces the live section of pipeline 37. Smoothly open valve 12 of pipeline 38. This creates a mother liquor of fertilizers in tank 3. Then the valve 13 is opened. Thus, part of the pre-treated water by the filter 23 with a hydrocyclone 22 is sent to the tank 3, and from it dissolved mineral fertilizers are taken out through the pipe 39 to the upper pipe 31 of the filter 4. Sludge and other insoluble components from the composition of the mineral fertilizer are deposited in the filter 4 in layers of sand and crushed stone filtration material 25.

Then, purified water with dissolved nutrients is fed into droppers 21 as described above. Macro- and microelements together with water are carried into the root layer of the soil and are absorbed by plants in the shortest possible way by sucking roots.

Similarly, ZhKU and herbicides are introduced along with irrigation purified water.

As the system operates, the top layer of the filter material 25 is collimated. First, the water supply to the housing 35 of the slotted filter 36 is blocked. Then, the valve 16 is opened on the riser 34. Bearing in mind that the water in the hydraulic networks moves along the path of least hydraulic resistance, the water flow from pipes 31 along the riser 34 through the valve 16 is sent to the collector 33, and from it to the drainage pipes 32. In the cavity of the tank 26 creates an upward flow. Rinsing of the filtration material 25 begins. The sediments and suspensions lifted from the surface of the filtration material 25 are guided through the slots into the pipe cavity 31. The colmatage from the reservoir 26 is discharged outside the filter 4 when valve 15 is open. Change the operating mode “filter cleaning” - “removal of the filter” by feeding pre-treated water contributes to the stable operation of all droppers throughout the irrigation period. Suspensions from the chamber 24 are removed by opening the valve 17.

The technical characteristics of the water treatment system and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil under drip irrigation are shown in the table.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention:

- a tool embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, is intended for use in agriculture with well-established production in agricultural machinery;

- for the claimed invention in the form described in the independent clause of the claims below, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described above or known prior to the date is confirmed;

- means embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, are able to ensure the achievement of the perceived by the applicant technical result.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of “industrial applicability” under applicable law.

Claims (10)

1. A system for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil under drip irrigation, including hydraulically connected water source, pump station, container for preparing the nutrient solution, filter, manometers, shutoff valves, main pipeline, distribution and irrigation piping network, individual and / or group droppers, characterized in that the filter for water purification is made in three stages: the first stage for removing mineral debris, plant impurities and suspensions is made in the form of a hydrocyclone, equipped with a self-cleaning screen filter concentrically installed in its cavity and a sedimentation chamber for collecting pollution products, the second stage of fine cleaning is presented in the form of a sealed container filled with filtration material, a horizontally installed hermetic tank with upper slotted and lower drainage pipes for transferring water from the hydrocyclone and draining into the third stage for final cleaning, presented in the form of a horizontally mounted slotted filter, preparation tank the nutrient solution is hydraulically connected in parallel to the network between the first and second stages of the filter, while the latter is equipped with the ability to remove colmatism from a horizontally installed container, and the counter for the flow of purified water by backwashing is mounted behind the slot filter of the third stage of irrigation water treatment. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the main pipeline is hydraulically connected to the distribution pipe by means of a pressure regulator equipped with a control pressure gauge. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressure gauge is mounted in the network between the water flow meter and the filter of the third stage of water purification. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the strainer in the housing of the third stage of water purification is installed with the possibility of accelerated dismantling. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter of the second cleaning stage has a network for discharging pollution products, and its upper slotted pipe with lower drainage pipes is connected by a valve. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that a valve is mounted in the hydraulic network between the first-stage hydrocyclone and the second-stage fine filter, a pair of pressure gauges are placed at its inlet and outlet to control the water pressure in the tank for preparing the nutrient solution. 7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the network between the pump and the hydrocyclone valves and pressure gauge are set. 8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter material is presented in the form of size-calibrated quartz sand with a grain diameter of 1-5 mm. 9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter material is presented in the form of layer-by-layer changeable containers in the second stage of cleaning coarse sand and gravel with sizes of 1-5 and 5-20 mm, respectively. 10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the tank is made of isometric concentrically installed thick-walled pipes, the ends of which are connected with plugs.

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