RU2229792C2 - Soil-free apparatus and plant growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: soil-free apparatus has plant growing trays, each made in the form of conical vessel charged with filler. Pipe with small openings for exit of air, gaseous mixture and nutritive medium is placed inside vessel. Water-gas-air mixture is supplied into filler layer in pulsed mode for creating fluidized bed in filler layer. Screen for uniform distribution of nutritive medium and forming device with cells for accommodation of root and/or ground part of plants are arranged above pipe. Hood above vessel is arranged above plant growth zone to provide for regulated ventilation and gaseous feeding of plants. EFFECT: simplified access of nutritive solutions and gaseous mixtures to root system, increased underground and/or ground part of plants and improved consumer properties of products. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for growing any plants, preferably tuber and root-growing plants without soil in the filler layer.

Known hydroponic plants for growing root crops and tubers of plants (SU 1720593 A, 1992; Becket K. Plants under glass. - M .: Mir, 1992, pp. 98-99; RF patent No. 2121267, class A 01 G 31 / 06). Closest to the present invention is the installation according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2121267, which uses cultivation trays with a trapezoidal cross-section and a tiered arrangement.

However, the prototype installation is quite troublesome to maintain, requires special varieties of plants (most often cloned), special bag-vessels for each plant and in fact does not allow using the entire growth genetic potential of the plant for the formation of tubers, root crops and other parts of plants.

In order to increase the feasible genome capabilities of well-tested and safe local plant varieties, a hydroponic plant is proposed with easy access of nutrient solutions and gas mixtures to the plant root system, as well as eliminating factors that impede the physiological increase in the size of the underground part (tubers, root crops, etc.) and / or aboveground parts (heads of cabbage, arrows, petioles, green mass, etc.) while maintaining their consumer qualities.

The container body of the installation has a variety of devices and mounting projections and other designs for fixing on the respective supports and supports, as well as all kinds of protective or filter caps-covers or screens of any shape with certain transmission spectra or reflection of light and other waves and radiation, depending on the specific type organization of production or research process. Moreover, during breeding work, to more fully reveal the genetic capabilities of plants in the caps themselves or on individual holders are sources of any type of radiation with and without reflectors, for example, flash lamps for influencing plants in any mode, including automatic, and also additional sources of wave and / or corpuscular radiation with all kinds of reflectors and accessories.

The filter cap and / or reflector cap are made of transparent material with special coatings of its surfaces and / or of special films located on the respective frames above the tank and allow the supply of air and gas mixtures for ventilation of plants and for their gas supply in an isolated volume over capacity. The cap may be a lid and / or attachment and be located at a certain distance above the container.

The figure 1 presents a hydroponic installation for growing plants without shapers, caps and without support frames and supports.

Figure 2 shows the same installation with shapers, a cap and sources of pulsed illumination-backlight.

The hydroponic plant growth plant (Figure 1) is a container 1 of any shape, preferably cone-shaped, filled with filler 2, capable of accepting a fluidized state or maintaining a state of a fluidized bed. In the lower part of the tank there is a pipe 3, which has many small holes for the exit of the gas mixture, air and nutrient medium. The pipe is wrapped in a porous material to reduce the size of air and gas bubbles or is made of ceramic porous material. Above the pipe is a porous and / or hole screen 4 of any shape for a more uniform distribution of the gas mixture in the volume of the tank. Plants 5 are planted in the thickness of the filler, in the cells of the former 6 (figure 2). The cap 7, transparent for a certain emission spectrum, is equipped with fasteners 8 with specific illumination lamps, for example, pulsed and / or containers with sources of corpuscular and / or wave radiation.

The above device operates as follows.

Plants 5 are planted in a container 1 filled with filler 2 and having a screen 4 for evenly distributing the necessary growth substances supplied through the pipe 3. The fed mixture of nutrient medium, air and necessary gases creates a state of a pseudo-boiling layer in filler 2, which facilitates the development of the whole plant 5 in In general, including an increase in tubers, root crops, petioles, arrows, heads of cabbage, etc. in volume.

Forming agents 6 (established in this case for root crops) limit the growth of the underground part of the plant in width. Through a translucent spectrocompetent cap 7, the plant is irradiated with light of the desired spectral composition and / or illumination by sources of additional radiation 8.

By means of general and local ventilation systems (not shown in figures 1 and 2) under cap 7, if it is to be used for a long time, conditions are created for uniform ventilation of plants and their gas supply, and ventilation and gas supply of plants are carried out both with overpressure and with rarefaction.

After harvesting and removing plants 5, the cap 7 is removed or removed from the container 1, and the filler layer 2 is sterilized with superheated steam supplied through the pipe 3.

For the rhythmic operation of the indicated device, an appropriate solution unit with appropriate preparation of nutrient solutions is required before feeding them into containers, pumps for supplying liquid and gas medium, availability of compressed air and (after the end of the growing process and harvesting) superheated steam are suitable for power and quality characteristics to sterilize the installation.

The installation can be presented as an individual sprout in a simplified version, installed on the appropriate support stands, in the open air or as a complex stand-alone modular tray in a common system of greenhouses with a tiered, circular or any other arrangement, including in a conveyor system with any means of movement under any kind of lighting and highlighting.

This device and the proposed technology allow you to grow root crops of absolutely incredible size while maintaining their consumer qualities at a very high level. Moreover, local (non-cloned and non-transgenic), well-established varieties without chemical or gene “delayed action mines” can be used. Moreover, there is a real possibility of changing the consumer qualities of the products obtained (for example, a given content of vitamins or carotene) without the use of genetic engineering and transgenic technologies.

There is the possibility of forming the root geometry in accordance with the requirements of the buyer. For example, when using formers (for example, cellular and / or tube sheets) permeable to air and water, any root crop of the same (standard) size in thickness and length can be produced. Or, with gratings for the aerial part of the plant, you can adjust, for example, the height and quality of the stem of tall and heavy flowers, ears of grain, lettuce, etc.

The device and technology are of very serious interest to practitioners and theoreticians of agriculture, since they contribute to the realization of the internal (hidden for practice and science) growth potential of plants.

Claims (3)

1. Hydroponic plant cultivation plant, including tray-germinators, pipes for supplying nutrient solution, gases and air to the soil, characterized in that the tray-germinators are made in the form of a cone-shaped container, inside of which there is a pipe with small openings for the exit of the gas mixture , air and nutrient medium, over which a screen is placed for uniform distribution of the nutrient medium and a shaper with cells for permeating the root system and / or the aerial parts of plants, made by permeable m for light gases and moisture, wherein the container has a cover over the growth area for controlling ventilation and gas power plants. 2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the trays and germinators are installed on racks, conveyor machines, conveyor belts of the greenhouse or individually with lighting and / or illumination, while the installation has devices for differentiated wave and particle effects on plants, including including exposure to pulsed light sources. 3. A method of hydroponic growing plants, comprising filling a container with a filler, planting plants and supplying water and gas-air mixtures to the filler layer when growing plants, characterized in that the plants are planted in the cells of the former, and the supply of water and gas-air mixtures into the filler layer is carried out in mode of creating a pseudo-boiling layer in the filler.

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