RU2229395C1 - Electric vehicle current collector - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering; electric transport. SUBSTANCE: contact central part of insert on length of 0.4-0.6 of smaller base of holder trapezium in current collector is made parallel to said base, and entry part for contact wire of contact insert is described by branch of parabola with formula y = (0,2...0,4)x² where y is current width of insert; x is current difference (h_max-h_min). Butt joints of end faces of central and extreme parts of insert are made at angle of 45^o to horizon. Composite carbon-containing insert is secured in holder by means of dovetail joints. EFFECT: reduced material usage, increased wear resistances of current collecting composite carbon-containing insert. 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electric transport and can be used as a collector element, for example, on trams or electric locomotives.

Known collector element with a composite lengthwise carbon insert, a constant rectangular cross-section with a base in the form of a “dovetail” mounted on a rectangular holder [1].

A significant disadvantage of the known collector element with a composite carbon insert is that the joints of the parts of the insert are parallel to the wire in contact with it. If the wire gets into the joints, the wear resistance of the insert and the collector element drops sharply due to the occurrence of “cuts” and chips at the joints.

This drawback is largely eliminated if the joints of the individual parts of the insertion of the collector element are made at an angle to the direction of the contact wire. In this case, the ingress of wire into the joints of the parts of the insert is possible only on the arcuate sections of the contact network [2]. Therefore, the likelihood of “cuts” and chips is reduced.

A significant drawback of collector elements with carbon or carbon graphite inserts of constant rectangular cross-sectional shape, fixed with a dovetail on a straight holder, is the excessive consumption of material inserts.

It is known that the middle part of the insertion of the collector element, which is in contact with the wire in straight sections of the movement of the tram or electric locomotive, is most intensively worn out. The end sections of the insertion of the current collector element are in contact with the wire only in the arcuate sections of the contact network, which are many times smaller than the straight ones, and therefore their wear is negligible.

This drawback is partially eliminated in the composite carbon-containing insert of the collector element, the middle one including two parts, the contact surface of which is made in a radius of 2 ... 5 m and has a lead-in with an inclination angle to the element base of 30 ... 60 ° . The end parts of the insertion of the collector element are made variable in height, which gives significant savings in carbon-containing material (up to 20%) at the end parts. However, in the middle parts, due to their arched contact surface, the consumption of carbon-containing material increases (by 30 ... 40%). Thus, the total consumption of carbon-containing material increases by 10 ... 20% [3].

The closest analogue selected as a prototype is the current collector element of the current collector of an electric vehicle, containing a metal holder with a composite contact surface placed therein, having a radius of 2 ... 5 m, a base made in the form of a “dovetail” for mounting in a holder, a lead-in for the contact wire, with a part whose angle of inclination to the base of the plate is 30 ... 60 °, a height in the middle part of the plate equal to 0.05 ... 0.20 of the radius of the contact surface. Moreover, the metal holder is made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid with angles at the lower base equal to 5 ... 15 ° [4].

The surface of the most probable contact of the insert with the current-carrying wire is made in a radius of 2 ... 5 m. This increases the streamlining of the contact insert by the wire and, to some extent, increases the uniformity of its wear.

But the arcuate parts of the insert in its middle section get a height of 1.5 ... 2.0 times greater compared to the sections of their ends.

This significantly (by 30 ... 40%) increases the consumption of material for the manufacture of inserts of collector elements. In addition, the quality of inserts with an arched contact surface is reduced due to non-uniform height deformation during pressing. The density, strength, and therefore the wear resistance of the middle part of the arcuate insert will be reduced. Current collection elements with a height of 1.5 ... 2 times the height of the middle part of the insert have a reduced resistance to stalling by lateral forces. The action of dynamic lateral loads from the contact network elements and static load-bearing loads from the friction forces on the contact surface of the wire with the collector element weaken the fastening of the “dovetail” insert in the holder. At the same time, the current collection is deteriorating, sparking and interference in the radio frequency range occur.

Performing the insertion part of the insert at an angle of 30 ... 60 ° to its base slightly reduces the magnitude of the impact forces acting on the side surface of the insert from the side of the suspension parts of the wire, the details of the joint of the wire along the length and, especially, the details of the mechanisms that ensure the intersection of contact lines , for example, trams and trolleybuses. But since the insertion part of the insert forms an angle with the contact part, the first lateral impact on the newly installed insert falls on this particular angle.

Industrial studies have shown that chipped, delaminated, longitudinal and transverse cracks form on newly installed inserts. Further exploitation of such damaged inserts leads to the formation of longitudinal cracks and transverse fractures. The wear resistance of the inserts is sharply reduced. The lead-in also reduces the contact surface of the insert by 20% or more, which reduces its wear resistance.

In the prototype [4] it is indicated that the maximum insertion height of the arcuate current-collecting element is in the range (0.05 ... 0.20) R, where R is the radius of the arc of the contact surface, equal to 2 ... 5 m. Thus, h _max = 0.2 · 5000 = 1000 mm, h _min = 0.05 · 2000 = 100 mm. Since from practice (see, for example, [5]) it is known that the height of the inserts rarely exceeds 30 mm, then, obviously, in US Pat. RF №2184041, B 60 L 5/08 dated 06/27/2002, a clerical error is permitted. Inserts of such sizes cannot be made, therefore, it makes no sense to talk about their material consumption.

The implementation of the metal holder in the form of an equilateral trapezoid with angles at the lower base equal to 5 ... 15 °, increases the streamlining of the contact insert and reduces wear on its side parts. But at angles equal to 5 ... 15 °, the streamlining of the arched surface of the holder and the entire insert is insufficient. As experience shows (source [5], p.67-68), these angles should be increased.

In addition, when performing a metal holder in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, the problem of joining the ends of the central parts of the insert with the ends of the end parts arises. Docking is possible only with manual adjustment with filing ends. This leads to an increase in the material consumption of the product and the share of manual labor during the installation of inserts.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the consumption of materials and increase the wear resistance of the collector carbon-containing composite insert element of the current collector of an electric vehicle.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the collector element containing a metal holder with the component parts of the insert fixed in it with the help of “swallow tails”, which have a lead-in part for the contact wire, the central contact part of the insert is at a length of (0.4 ... 0.6 ) the small base of the trapezoid is made parallel to this base, on the rest of the small base of the trapezoid, the height of the central parts of the inserts decreases monotonously, the metal holder for the central and extreme parts of the insert is made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid with angles at the lower base equal to 16 ... 20 °.

The difference of the proposed insert from the known design also lies in the fact that the lead-in for the contact wire of the contact insert is described by the parabola branch with the formula y = (0.2 ... 0.4) x ² , where y is the current width of the insert; x is the current difference (h _max -h _min ). The joints of the ends of the central and extreme parts of the insert are made at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal.

Reducing material consumption and increasing wear resistance of the insert is achieved by the fact that the contact central part of the insert along the length (0.4 ... 0.6) of the small base of the trapezoid of the holder is parallel to this base. Due to this, savings of 25 to 35% of the material of the Central part of the insert. The wear resistance of the central part of the insert, as shown by industrial studies, increases due to the removal of part of the arched surface with reduced density, strength, mechanical and electrical wear resistance. Reducing the height of the inserts increases the reliability of their fastening in the holder. If the length of the parallel section of the central inserts is less than 0.4L _t , then material savings are reduced, the manufacturing of accessories and inserts is complicated, there is a danger of reducing the reliability of their fastening in the holder. If the length of the parallel section is more than 0.6L _t , the insert service life is also reduced. The implementation of the end parts of the Central part of the inserts monotonically decreasing in height gives additional savings in material of the inserts.

In addition, the wear resistance of the insert is increased due to the execution of the surface of the inlet part parabolic in shape. Eliminating angles on the side surface of the insert and replacing them with a smooth parabola branch allows avoiding the occurrence of chips, cracks and other macrodefects from the dynamic effects of suspension parts and docking of the contact wire, as well as details of the mechanisms of intersection of various contact lines at the initial moment of operation of the insert. Due to this, the wear resistance of the inserts increases. After running-in, the contact surface, as shown by industrial studies, also remains close to parabolic. When the coefficient value in the equation y = (0.2 ... 0.4) x ² , less than 0.2, the difference between h _max and h _min will be insignificant and therefore dynamic impacts to the lateral surface of the inserts cannot be avoided. When the coefficient value is more than 0.4, the overall insert height increases, the material consumption for manufacturing increases, and the reliability of holding the insert in the holder decreases. Performing angles with the lower base of the trapezoid less than 16 ° reduces the streamlining of the entire insert and increases the load on the pantograph. The implementation of angles greater than 20 ° reduces the total length of the insert L _in and can lead to interruption of the contact of the insert with the wire at turns.

The wear resistance of the inserts also increases due to the joints of the ends of the central and extreme parts of the insert at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal. Such contact of the ends allows eliminating “cuts” during the operation of the inserts and increasing the wear resistance of the inserts. Due to the elimination of manual fitting operations, end face filing, carbon-graphite material is saved and labor costs are reduced.

The proposed device is illustrated in figures 1, 2 and 3. Figure 1 shows a side view, figure 2 is a top view of the collector element of an electric vehicle, figure 3 is a cross section aa of figure 1 (scaled up) .

The collector element of an electric vehicle (Fig. 1) contains a metal holder 1 made in the form of an equal-sided trapezoid, the sides of which form an angle equal to 16 ... 20 ° with the horizontal plane. On the holder 1 with the help of “swallow tails” 2 (Fig. 3), the parts of the composite carbon-containing insert 3 are fixed, the central parts of which 4 and 5 along the length (0.4 ... 0.6) L _t are parallel to the base of the trapezoid and have inclined sections 6 and 7 with a monotonously decreasing height to the horizon. The initial part of the inserts is described by a parabola branch with the formula (Fig. 3)

y = (0.2 ... 0.4) x ² ,

where y is the current insertion width; x is the current excess of the minimum insertion height equal to h _min . The maximum value of x reaches at y = b, when the insertion height becomes maximum (h _max ).

The joints of the ends of the central and extreme parts of the insert 8 are made at angles of 45 ° to the horizon. The implementation of the joints of the ends of the Central and extreme parts of the inserts at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal allows you to avoid "cuts" at the joints and increase the reliability of the inserts.

The collector element of an electric vehicle operates as follows.

A composite carbon-containing insert (Fig. 1), including, for example, two central parts 4 and 5 and two end parts 9 and 10, is fixed with the help of “swallow tails” 2 and holder 1. When the vehicle moves along straight sections of the path, the contact wire touches rectilinear section with a length of (0.4 ... 0.6) L _{t of the} central parts 4 and 5 of the insert.

Moreover, touching the wire with the insert begins at its maximum height h _max , from dynamic side impacts, insert 3 (Fig. 3) is protected by its parabolic contact surface along the width of the insert.

Depending on the radius of curvature of the path, on the radial sections of the path, the contact wire touches sections 6 and 7 of the insert 4 and 5 or the end parts 9 and 10 of the insert that are inclined to the horizon. The joints of the central inserts 4 and 5 with each other are protected from “cuts” by their inclination to the longitudinally vertical plane, and the joints of the central and end inserts are protected by their inclination to the horizontal plane.

The proposed design of the contact insert allows to reduce its material consumption and increase wear resistance.

To verify the invention, 20 sets of carbon-containing inserts for a tram current collector element were manufactured. The tests were carried out in dry weather on routes with straight and curved sections of the track and intersections of contact lines. Chips, “cuts” and other defects on the inserts after a week of operation have not been detected. The average wear of the inserts did not exceed 0.001 mm / km.

It is advisable to use the proposed inserts on trams with pantographic current collectors.

Sources of information

1. A.S. USSR No. 1397323. Device for fixing the contact insert of the current collector. Publ. 05/23/88. Bull. No. 19. B 60 L 5/08.

2. United States Patent No. 4578546. Electric traction current collector. Date of Patent: Mar. 25, 1986, B 60 L 5/20.

3. Pat. RF №2168422. The collector element of the current collector of an electric vehicle. Publ. 06/10/2001, B 60 L 5/08.

4. Pat. RF №2184041. The collector element of the current collector of an electric vehicle. Publ. 06/27/2002, B 60 L 5/08.

5. Ivin K.V., Trofimov A.N., Engels G.G. Current collection of urban land transport. - M .: Because of the construction, 1965. - 261 p. (see p. 82, 108, 116, etc.).

Claims (1)

A current collector element of an electric vehicle, comprising a metal holder made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid and a composite carbon-containing insert with a contact surface placed therein with a dovetail base and a lead-in part for the contact wire, characterized in that the contact central part of the insert on the length (0.4 ... 0.6) of the small base of the trapezoid of the holder is made parallel to this base, on the rest of the small base of the trapezoid the height of the central parts of the inserts is mono tionally decreases with lead-in portion of the contact insert described branch of a parabola with the formula y = (0.2 ... 0.4) X ^2, where - the current width of the insert; x is the current increment of the insert height from h _min to h _max , and the joints of the ends of the central and extreme parts of the inserts are made at angles of 45 ° to the horizontal.

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