RU2227153C1 - Method and a device for processing organic substances - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical and petrochemical industries. SUBSTANCE: the invention presents a method and a device for processing liquid organic substances in liquid and gaseous fuel, and it is dealt with the technology and equipment of pyrolytic conversion of liquid petroleum products. The method provides for an organic substance feeding into the active zone and its thermochemical processing without access of oxygen with consequent condensation of products of the thermochemical processing in the liquid fuel. The thermochemical processing of the organic substance is realized at the temperature of 350... 700^oC by creation in a fluid stream of a ring-type plasma discharge of the reactive plasma power of 0.05-0.5 kW per 1 kg of the processed organic liquid. At that the substance is spun up in the centrifugal machine creating an intensive turbulent stream and in the volume of the twirled stream a ring-type reactive plasma discharge is formed. The invention allows to increase the speed of processing of a liquid organic substance and the amount of output of the gaseous and liquid fuels produced from an organic substance up to 95 %, as well as to reduce power inputs per 1 kg of produced gaseous and liquid fuel. EFFECT: the invention allows to increase significantly a speed of processing of the liquid organic substances and amount of produced gaseous and liquid fuels from them. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing liquid organic substances into liquid and gaseous fuels, in particular to the technology and technique of pyrolytic conversion of liquid petroleum products.

Known devices that separate the liquid into separate fractions using centrifugal forces (centrifuges, separators), for example, the oil separator NS-1 (Bremer G.I. Liquid separators. M .: Mashgiz, 1957), designed to clean liquid oil from water and mechanical impurities. A significant disadvantage of the known devices is the limited effect on the material being processed, since the separation into fractions is carried out by the molecular weight of the components included in its composition, without changing the physicochemical properties of the fractions isolated.

A known method and device for processing organo-containing liquid substances by thermal cracking, in which the raw material is heated to a temperature of 520-550 ° C at a pressure of 10 atm, and then fed through a distillation section to a distillation column in which the raw materials are separated into gasoline, gas oil and other fractions (William L. Leffer. Oil refining. - M.: Olymp-Business CJSC, 2001, p. 98-101).

The disadvantage of this method and device is the long process time and high energy costs for processing units of raw materials. Another disadvantage is the large mass of the cracked residue, which is up to 10% of the mass of processed raw materials.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention are a method and apparatus for processing biomass into liquid fuel by the rapid pyrolysis method (Towards the "Bio-refinery" - Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass RE World 2001. Vol.4.1. P.67-83).

In this method, the crushed organic matter is fed into the pyrolysis reactor and heated to a temperature of 450 ... 650 ° C in an airless environment. In this case, thermal decomposition of organic matter occurs with the transition of decomposition products to the vapor-gas state. Gasified pyrolysis products are cooled in a condenser, separating them into liquid and gaseous fuels. Installation for processing organic matter into liquid and gaseous fuels contains a processing chamber (pyrolysis reactor) and a device for condensing the main part of gasified products into liquid fuel. The disadvantage of this method and device is the relatively low rate of heating of organic matter to a pyrolytic decomposition temperature (about 1 s), low specific heat of combustion of the liquid product, and also the high energy consumption for processing organic matter.

The objective of the invention is to increase the processing rate of liquid organic matter and the output of gaseous and liquid fuels from organic matter up to 95%, as well as reducing energy consumption per 1 kg of the resulting gaseous and liquid fuels.

The above technical result is achieved in that in the method of processing liquid organic substances into gaseous and liquid fuel by feeding into the core and thermochemical processing of organic matter without oxygen, followed by condensation of the products of thermochemical processing into liquid fuel, the thermochemical processing of organic matter is carried out at a temperature of 350. ..700 ° С by creating in the liquid stream an electric reactive plasma with a power of 0.05 ... 0.5 kW / h per 1 kg of processed organic tion of liquid.

Also, in a method for processing liquid organic substances into gaseous and liquid fuel, in order to increase the speed and completeness of processing liquid organic matter, the substance is spun in a centrifuge, and an annular reactive plasma discharge is formed in the volume of the rotating stream.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the proposed device for processing liquid organic matter into liquid and gaseous fuels, comprising a feed device, a processing chamber, a device for condensing gaseous fuel into liquid, in which the processing chamber is made in the form of a narrow channel from an electrically insulating material into the walls of which from two opposite sides, electrodes are inserted with a gap between the electrodes of 1 cm for every 15 kV of the plasma generator voltage, one electrode is connected to a high astotnomu generator, and the other - to the "earth."

In the device, the electrodes are included in the breaking of a single-wire line connecting two resonant circuits with a frequency of 0.5 ... 50 kHz, one of which is connected to a high-frequency plasma generator, and the second circuit is with an adjustable electrical load.

Also, in the device for processing liquid organic matter into liquid and gaseous fuels, the processing chamber is made in the form of a centrifuge with a rotor and a hollow axis, one insulated electrode is installed in the hollow axis of the rotor and connected to a high-frequency generator, and the second electrode is connected to the ground through the unit’s body and to the intake pipe mounted on the rotor and rotating around the hollow axis.

In a device for converting liquid organic matter into liquid and gaseous fuels, electrodes are included in the break of a single-wire line connecting two resonant circuits with a frequency of 0.5 ... 50 kHz, one of which is connected to a high-frequency plasma generator, and the second circuit to an adjustable electric load.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a General diagram of a device for processing liquid organic matter.

Figure 2 shows a General diagram of a device for processing liquid organic matter, in which the electrodes are included in the break of a single-wire line.

Figure 3 presents a diagram of a device representing a centrifuge with a rotor, a hollow axis and one or more insulated electrodes.

The device (in Fig. 1) contains a supply device 1, a processing chamber 2, a high-frequency generator 3 for exciting reactive plasma in the processing chamber, a device for condensing gasified products of the conversion of organic matter into liquid fuel 4, and a container for collecting liquid fuel 5. The processing chamber is made in in the form of a narrow channel 6 formed by walls 7 made of electrically insulating material. Electrodes 8, 9 with a gap of 10 between the electrodes equal to 1 cm for every 15 kV of the voltage of the plasma generator are inserted into the channel walls from two opposite sides. One electrode 8 is connected to a high-frequency plasma generator, and the other electrode 9 is grounded.

The device operates as follows.

The processed liquid organic matter through the feeder 1 enters the channel 6 of the processing chamber 2 and passes a gap 10 between the electrodes 8 and 9, isolated from the housing of the chamber 5 by means of walls 7 made of dielectric material. In the gap 10, a plasma discharge is excited using a high-frequency generator, under the influence of which thermochemical and electrochemical processes occur, leading to chemical modification of the components that make up the liquid organic matter with the transition of the bulk of the processed products into a gaseous state. The gasified products formed under the action of reactive plasma enter the condensation device 4, where, as they cool, they turn into liquid fuel, which enters the tank for collecting liquid fuel 5. A small part of the gasified products of processing liquid organic matter, representing their lightest fraction, in the form of gas is removed from the device for disposal in other devices in order to obtain heat, electricity, etc.

In figure 2, in the device for processing liquid organic matter, the electrodes 8, 9 are included in the gap of a single-wire line 11 connecting two resonant circuits 12, 13 tuned to a frequency of a plasma generator of 0.5 ... 50 kHz. One of the circuits 12 is connected to a high-frequency generator of electromagnetic energy, and the second circuit 13 is connected with an adjustable electric load 14. A single-wire line 11 supplies electromagnetic energy to the processing chamber 2 from a remote source with minimal losses, and an adjustable electric load 14 of the single-wire line 11 serves to setting the required high-frequency plasma power in the gap 10 of the processing chamber in accordance with the physicochemical parameters of the processed liquid organic matter and the required physicochemical properties of the liquid and gaseous by-products.

Figure 3, the device is a centrifuge with a rotor 15, a hollow axis 16, having in the lower part of the hole 17, one or more insulated electrodes 8, mounted in the hollow axis of the rotor and connected to an electromagnetic energy generator 3 and a receiving cavity. The role of the other electrode is performed by the intake tubes 18 installed in the rotor and rotating around the hollow axis, connected through the camera body to the “ground”. The device operates as follows: a liquid organic substance is fed into the processing chamber 2 through openings 17 in the hollow axis 16 and feeds the processing chamber to a level above the electrodes 8 but below the upper ends of the intake tubes 18. Under the influence of a ring high-frequency plasma discharge excited by means of an electromagnetic energy generator 3 between the electrodes 8 and the body of the processing chamber, a chemical modification of the components that make up the liquid organic matter with ehodom bulk of processed products in the gaseous state. When the rotor 15 is rotated with sampling tubes, an intense turbulent flow of the processed organic liquid is created in the processing chamber, which promotes intensive mixing of the organic liquid and increases the speed and completeness of its processing, and gasified products formed under the influence of reactive plasma are captured through the upper ends of the sampling tubes 18 and under the action of centrifugal forces are pushed into the receiving cavity 19, which can simultaneously perform the function of a capacitor.

Claims (3)

1. A method of processing liquid organic substances into gaseous and liquid fuel by feeding into the core and thermochemical processing of organic matter without oxygen, followed by condensation of the products of thermochemical processing into liquid fuel, characterized in that the thermochemical processing of organic matter is carried out at a temperature of 350 ... 700 ° С by creating in the liquid stream a ring high-frequency plasma discharge of reactive plasma with a power of 0.05 ... 0.5 kWh per 1 kg of processed organic liquid, while the substance is spun in a centrifuge, creating an intense turbulent flow and in the volume of the rotating flow form an annular reactive plasma discharge. 2. A device for processing liquid organic matter into gaseous and liquid fuel, comprising a feed device, a processing chamber, a device for condensing gaseous fuel into liquid, characterized in that the processing chamber is made in the form of a centrifuge with a rotor and a hollow axis, with a rotor installed in the hollow axis one insulated electrode, which is connected to a high-frequency generator, and the other electrode are intake pipes connected to the ground through the unit’s body, mounted on the rotor and rotating around corner of the hollow axis. 3. A device for processing liquid organic matter into liquid and gaseous fuels according to claim 2, characterized in that the electrodes are included in the break of a single-wire line connecting two resonant circuits with a frequency of 0.5 ... 50 kHz, one of which is connected to a generator high-frequency plasma, and the second circuit with adjustable electrical load.

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