RU2224860C2 - Method of multistory large-panel building reconstruction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building industry, particularly reconstruction of old four-story or five-story buildings. SUBSTANCE: method involves dividing building into blocks, constructing closed knife-type ring member under each block foundation; removing soil from under building basement and ring member which results in soil sloughing into building and in block deepening into soil. Deepening depth is equal to building block height. EFFECT: decreased labor consumption, reduced cost. 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the reconstruction of buildings and structures.

Built in the fifties, large-panel residential buildings made of precast concrete [1] undoubtedly played a positive role in resolving the acute housing crisis in the country, especially in the period after the Great Patriotic War. However, already 10-20 years after the start of their operation, everyone began to see their consumer shortcomings compared to houses built in cities before the war. The low height of the apartments, combined bathrooms, poor soundproofing, leaks, wet and blown joints between the outer panels and a number of other shortcomings necessitated the transition to the construction of prefabricated houses of increased comfort and finding a solution to the question of what to do with these morally obsolete houses, besides having exhausted their depreciation period. Attempts to redevelop such houses were unsuccessful.

Known methods for the reconstruction of such houses by constructing a non-load superstructure above them [2]. However, the main task of the reconstruction of the houses themselves, their reconstruction and redevelopment of apartments by these technical projects was not solved. As a result, there was only one solution - the complete demolition of such houses and the construction on their sites of new, modern houses of high floors and comfort.

The disadvantage of this method of reconstruction of large-panel houses of outdated structures is its high complexity and cost. The work is accompanied by a violation of the improvement of adjacent territories, a violation of underground utilities, the creation of inconvenience for citizens living in neighboring houses, a large amount of construction waste, the need for vehicles to remove it outside the city and the need for dumps for its disposal.

The aim of the proposed method is to eliminate these disadvantages. The closest analogue of the proposed method is a method of rebuilding a multi-storey panel residential building by freeing up the construction site and constructing a new building on it, including dividing the building into blocks [3].

The difference between the claimed invention and the known one lies in the fact that under the foundation of each block a closed ring-knife is constructed, soil is removed from under the knife-ring and basement, and under the influence of the soil being taken out, poured into the volumes of the building block to be lowered, the block deepens into the ground to a depth equal to the height of the block to the level of overlapping of its upper floor.

The technology of the method is as follows.

To deepen the building into the ground to a depth equal to its height, the building is divided into blocks limited by supporting transverse walls forming stairwells and external panel walls located between the stairwells. Figure 1 shows the layout of the section of the house series 1-468, divided into blocks (A, B, etc.). In the basement of the building, under the foundations, a closed ring-knife is constructed along the contour of each block, similar to the knife of the caisson, which was previously used in the construction of bridge supports on the caissons. The work is carried out according to a special project that takes into account the completed construction of the house and its foundation, according to which the foundation blocks or racks are combined into one monolithic structure, conditionally called the "caisson". Under the transverse load-bearing wall, dividing the volume of the first floor of the block in half, a beam is brought. Exterior panels within stairwells, flights of stairs and landings are dismantled to the full height of the building. Manholes are arranged in the ceiling of the basement and floors. Windows and other openings on the outside are overlapped by flat asbestos-cement slabs, fixed by targeted dowels. Wall panels are strengthened if necessary, doorways in the transverse walls forming the walls of the block are laid with bricks. Balconies are dismantled as the unit is lowered. Figure 2 shows the cross section of the block near the middle transverse load-bearing wall, where 1 is the knife "caisson", 2 - the foundation blocks, 3 - the struts of the supports of the transverse beam, 4 - beam supports, the middle transverse bearing wall of the first floor, 5 - laz, 6 - soil pump, 7 - soil pump hose. The soil under the knife "caisson" is broken manually by the technology of caisson work. The soil taken out from under the “caisson” knife and from the basement with the soil pump 6 is fed through the hose 7 to the block rooms located above, starting from the second floor, from where it is poured into the premises of the first floor through openings in the floor of the second floor (ceiling of the 1st floor). The distribution of the sprinkled soil until the volume of the first floor is completely filled is carried out manually. Under the influence of the weight of the structure of the block and the soil, poured into the volumes of its premises, the block slowly deepens into the thickness of the base soil. After the ground floor is completely filled with soil, the hose 7 builds up and the soil is fed to the third floor, from where it is poured through the openings in the semi-ceiling into the volumes of the premises of the second floor. And so - until the block is completely submerged to its entire height. To reduce the friction of the lowered structures on the ground, a waterproofing of plastic film is arranged around the block perimeter 8. In a similar way, all the building blocks are buried. At a high level of groundwater, work is carried out under air pressure, for which a lock device is installed in the unit. Soil, poured into the volumes of the buried large-panel building, can be used as a heat accumulator accumulated in the summer with the appropriate building equipment. Upon completion of the work on immersing the building blocks to full height (these are 4-5 floors), the foundation slab of the new multi-storey building is concreted on their upper floors. In the premises of the "caissons" of the blocks, tanks for backup water supply can be placed. Subsequently, the volume of premises buried in the earth's thickness can be used as parking garages for cars built according to a special project.

The proposed method allows the replacement of obsolete and exhausted depreciation of 4-5-storey buildings within the historical urban development without disrupting underground utilities and landscaping.

Sources of information

1. Drozdov P.F. Large-panel prefabricated residential buildings. - M .: G.S.P. 1963.

2. Shagin A.L. Reconstruction of buildings and structures. - M.: Higher School, 1991.

3. Application France 2626607, CL E 04/23/06, 1989.

Claims (1)

A method of reconstructing a multi-storey large-panel residential building, including dividing the building into blocks, characterized in that a closed ring-knife is constructed under the foundation of each block, the soil is taken out from under the knife-ring and the basement, and under the influence of the removed soil being poured into the volumes of the lowered building, the block is deepened into the earth to a depth equal to the height of the building block.

Images