RU2222179C1 - Medium for growing of edible oyster mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: medium for growing of edible oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) comprises straw and husk used in the ratio of 1: 1 and fresh brewers' draff used in an amount of 20% by weight of growing medium. Introduction of 20% of brewers' draff increases protein content in mushroom by 25% as compared to control version. EFFECT: increased food value of mushroom. 4 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the cultivation of oyster mushroom.

 Known substrates for growing common oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), consisting of plant residues and cellulose-containing waste: straw (preferably cereal crops), cobs and stalks of corn, husks of sunflower and other crops, reeds, grapevines, branches of non-coniferous trees (Medved .V. Oyster mushroom. Growing technology. M: MP "Saturn", 1993, p.20). In order to expand the cellulose-containing components that serve as the basis for the preparation of the substrate for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms, use cotton waste - nuts and fluff of the second pass (a.s. SU 1242050 A1, 4 A 01 G 1/04, publ. 07.07.86, bull. . 25).

 The disadvantage when using the listed plant residues and cellulose-containing waste is their low nutritional value. An increase in the nutrient medium for the cultivation of the basidiomycete fungus was achieved by adding a source of carbohydrates to the substrate - the contents of the pre-stomachs of slaughtered cattle (a.s. SU 1805556 A1, 6 A 01 G 1/04, publ. 27.03.95, bull. 9). Carbohydrates, in particular carbon, play a large role in the nutrition of basidiomyceae and, in particular, wood-destroying fungi. Carbon compounds serve two main functions in the metabolism of fungi: they supply them with carbon, which is necessary for the synthesis of living cell substances, and participate in oxidation processes, where they are the only source of energy. In addition, carbon compounds are an integral part of the reserve nutrients necessary for the growth and development of fungal mycelium, as well as enzymes that regulate the processes of assimilation. However, carbon is one of the main compounds necessary for the growth of fungi.

 The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is the substrate that we previously proposed for growing edible basidiomyus oyster mushroom with the addition of beer grains, which provides an increase in the yield of mushrooms (patent RU 2204236, 05.20.2003. - Substrate for growing edible oyster mushroom ordinary). This substrate to a greater extent compared with other analogues is similar to the claimed solution, as it contains as a new additional component beer grains (PD).

 The disadvantage of this technical solution, presented as an extension of the components for growing oyster mushrooms with the aim of increasing the yield of mushrooms, is the lack of establishing the dose effect of the proposed component on the nutritional properties of the oyster mushroom.

 The aim of the present invention is to increase the nutritional properties of oyster mushroom ordinary by increasing the amount of protein in the mushrooms and to clarify as a result of the achieved effect of doses of the proposed component (beer grains).

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the substrate for growing oyster mushrooms ordinary, containing straw and husk in a ratio of 1: 1, beer pellet (PD) was added with a shelf life of up to 2 days in the amount of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% the mass of the substrate (the calculation was carried out on the dry matter of the components of the substrate). With the introduction of beer pellets, not only do the components for the preparation of the substrate expand and the yield of mushrooms increases, but the substrate is also enriched with nitrogen (table 1).

 In the diet of basidiomycetes, nitrogenous compounds are no less important than carbon, since they are the basis of proteins, the most important component of protoplasm. Nitrogen plays a large role in the metabolism of fungi. Unlike some bacteria, fungi are not able to bind atmospheric nitrogen. They can take it only in the form of inorganic salts or organic nitrogen compounds. However, when a large amount of nitrogen is introduced into the substrate of wood-destroying fungi, the amount of carbon decreases, which leads to the accumulation of excess ammonia and poisoning of the cells. This is due to the consumption of a carbon source by the fungi, the use of which is accompanied by the formation of organic acids. As a result, no excess ammonia is bound by these acids.

 The limiting condition here is that the dose of ID does not exceed the limit after which an increase in unbound oxygen begins, which contributes to the poisoning of the mycelium and a decrease in the yield of mushrooms (table 3). This limit is the dose of PD equal to 25% by weight of the substrate.

 With the introduction of PD in the substrate for growing oyster mushroom ordinary, containing straw and husk, the nutritional properties of mushrooms increase (table 2). In particular, with the addition of a dose of beer grains up to 20%, the amount of protein (the main nutrient in 100 g of dry matter of mushrooms) increases by 25% compared with the control variant.

 Also increases the total protein yield in oyster mushroom mushrooms, taking into account the yield (table 3). Moreover, the maximum protein yield of 59 g per block has mushrooms collected from a substrate containing 15% beer grains, which is 2 times higher than the control.

 An increase in the total protein yield in common oyster mushrooms, which is the main nutrient, leads to an increase in the nutritional value of cultivated mushrooms (table 4). In particular, with the addition of a dose of beer grains up to 20%, the caloric content of 100 g of dry matter of mushrooms increases by 25% compared with the control variant.

 It is concluded that it is advisable to add ID to a substrate for growing basidiomycetum oyster mushroom in an amount of 20% by weight in order to increase the nutritional properties of mushrooms.

As a result, with the introduction of PD in the substrate for growing basidi edible fungus oyster mushroom ordinary:
a) the amount of protein in the dry matter of mushrooms increases by 25% compared with the control option at a dose of PD of 20% by weight of the substrate,
b) the nutritional value of mushrooms is increased by 30% compared with the control version at a dose of PD of 20% by weight of the substrate,
c) the optimal dose of PD introduction has been established, which provides the maximum amount of protein in the oyster mushroom ordinary, equal to 20% by weight of the substrate.

Using the proposed substrate for growing edible oyster mushroom ordinary provides the following advantages:
a) the possibility of a maximum increase in the amount of protein and, as a result, a maximum increase in the nutritional value of the oyster mushroom ordinary,
c) a dose of PD of 20% by weight of the substrate for growing mushrooms with the maximum amount of protein and with the maximum nutritional value is proposed.

Claims (1)

A substrate for growing edible oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) containing cellulose-containing waste (straw and husk), characterized in that for growing mushrooms with an increased amount of protein it additionally contains beer grains with a shelf life of up to two days in an amount of 20% by weight of the substrate .

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