RU2220569C2 - Method for controlling energetic frequency in growing pigs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: the method deals with feeding the diet at preset level of metabolic energy by taking into account the results of feeding by biochemical values, that is: by concentration of free amino acid in blood plasma and concentration of "alanine group" amino acids (alanine, glycine, threonine, serine, cysteine). Energetic frequency in growing pigs is performed by coefficient value of the sum of free amino acids against the sum of "alanine group" amino acids by taking into account the concentration of urea. Determination of biochemical values is conducted in 4-5 d after feeding diets at preset and tested level of metabolic energy in pigs. Animals being upon tested diet demonstrated high meat output against control animals and muscular protein concentration, lower fatness of carcasses. Average daily body weight gain in experimental animals is considerably higher against control ones. EFFECT: higher efficiency of controlling procedure. 1 ex, 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the feeding of farm animals, in particular to methods for controlling the energy supply of growing pigs, and can be used at experimental stations or in large pig farms.

 Known are traditional methods of controlling the energy supply of agriculture. animals (based on the evaluation of the results of observations) on the increase in live weight and its composition, on the consumption of feed and metabolic energy and its costs for the products received (Nutrition of the young pig by R. 6 Campbele, Australian Pig Manual, p. 93-96, 1979).

 However, convincing results on these indicators can be obtained, as a rule, on a large number of animals and in long-term experiments associated with significant labor and time. In addition, the data necessary for the relevant conclusions can often be obtained at the end of the technological cycle of raising animals, i.e. when it is no longer possible to adjust the level of energy supply.

 To date, the biochemical criteria for monitoring the energy supply of growing pigs during the experiments, as well as in the production environment, are underdeveloped and very little used.

 Proposed for ruminants a method of assessing energy security by the concentration in the blood taken before and after feeding after 3 hours of volatile fatty acids, ketone bodies, glucose and non-esterified fatty acids ("The principle of assessing the state of carbohydrate-fat metabolism and energy supply of ruminants", Tsyupko V.V., VASKhNIL reports, 1974, 12, 23-26) are not acceptable for monogastric animals, due to the peculiarities of digestive and metabolic processes in them, which is manifested in a small fraction of volatile fatty acids in the total score no energy. Closest to the claimed is a method of controlling the energy supply of monogastric animals by analyzing the activity of lipolysis and lipogenesis enzymes - triglyceride lipase (TTL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipose tissue ("A way to control the energy supply of piglets", copyright certificate 1233053, S.N. Aitov and other 1986, MKI G 01 N 33/48 (prototype).

 The aim of the present invention is to develop an effective and simpler and more affordable way to control the energy supply of monogastric, in particular, growing pigs.

 This goal is achieved in that the energy supply of animals is controlled by the concentration of free amino acids and urea in the blood plasma 4-5 days after feeding the diets with a given level of metabolic energy and the tested level of metabolic energy in the diet.

 Distinctive features of the proposed method compared to the prototype are as follows: 1) in the blood plasma determine the concentration of free amino acids and calculate the coefficient - the ratio of amino acids of the alanine group (alanine, serine, threonine, glycine, cysteine) * (* note: carbon skeletons of alanine, serine , threonine, glycine, cysteine through the pyruvic acid stage are primarily used as energy sources in the body) to the total amount of free plasma amino acids and the urea concentration is also determined ; 2) blood sampling is carried out from the tail, while the prototype for the study requires a biopsy of adipose tissue - a time-consuming and highly qualified procedure. A positive effect of the proposed method is the fact that its implementation allows you to obtain biochemical data reflecting the energy efficiency for the main goal - protein synthesis, which allows to increase the efficiency of the method, the reliability of the results and objectivity of the conclusions. In the prototype, evaluation is carried out according to the intensity of lipid metabolism, and increased lipid deposition in the body can also indicate a negative effect of energy nutrition due to a violation of the ratio of the energy level in the diet to the balance of protein and amino acids.

 The proposed method of controlling the energy supply of growing pigs is as follows.

 The experimental diet is fed to the experimental animals, and the diet with a predetermined (control) level of metabolic energy is fed to the other group, and after 4-5 days from the beginning of the consumption of rations in the blood plasma (blood is obtained from the tail 2 hours after feeding), the complete aminogram of free amino acids is determined and urea concentration.

 The corresponding coefficient is calculated from the obtained values of free amino acids in blood plasma (the ratio of the sum of the amino acids of the alanine group ΣAA, which reflects the amount of glucogenic fund in the body, to the amount of free amino acids ΣCA - coefficient = ΣAA / ΣCA, by changing this coefficient judging the changes in the level of energy supply of animals: 1 ) with equal values of the specified coefficient on diets with a given (control) level and the tested level of exchange energy, a relative correspondence is established between the level of energy energetically feeding in both groups; 2) when this coefficient is reduced in animals on a diet with a test level of energy compared to animals that received a diet with a control level of energy, a reduced energy value of the test diet is recorded; 3) an increase in this coefficient in animals that received a diet with a test level of energy, compared with animals that received a diet with a given (control) level of metabolic energy, indicates an increased energy nutritional value of the test diet for young monogastric animals.

 Example. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for controlling the energy supply of young pigs, a series of experiments was carried out on pigs of three-breed crosses (large white x landrace x hampshire) in the period from 60 to 105 days of age. Two groups of piglets were fed the same amount of isoprotein feed: 1 (control) group of feed with a given level of exchange energy of 12.41 MJ / kg, group 2 was fed a test diet with a level of exchange energy of 12.10 MJ / kg. In comparative studies of the concentration of free amino acids and urea in blood plasma carried out four days after the start of consumption of compound feeds, it was found: 1) on the test compound feed (with a low energy level), the concentration of free amino acids changed in the direction of increasing the total amount due to essential amino acids, and the level interchangeable amino acids decreased. The ratio of the alanine group of amino acids to the sum of free amino acids decreased by 17.8% (Table 1), which indicates an increase in the use of amino acids for the energy needs of the body in the test diet; this qualifies as a deficiency of metabolic energy in the experimental feed. The concentration of urea in the blood plasma of piglets in the test diet significantly increased from 3.24 ± 0.10 to 4.08 ± 0.10 mmol / L (25.9% compared with the control), which indicates an increase in the use of amino acids for energy needs and reducing the effectiveness of protein synthesis in the body of pigs.

 The results of observations of the increase in live weight of piglets from 60 to 105 days of age showed that on the test feed (with a reduced level of metabolic energy of 12.1 MJ / kg) it decreased by 40 g per day (396 ± 33.40 versus 436 ± 32.5 g / day). The cost of feed per kg of live weight gain in general over the observation period amounted to 2.92 kg in the control (balanced by exchange energy) and 3.22 kg in the test diet (Table 2).

 The results of the control slaughter of pigs at 105 days of age showed that the animals on the test diet differed from the animals of the control group by a significantly higher meat yield and protein concentration in the muscles, as well as less obese carcasses.

 The described changes in the amino acids of the alanine group and free amino acids in blood plasma were confirmed in production ("Kuznetsovsk pig complex") experiments on three-breed cross-breed piglets of 45-105 days of age with variations in the level of energy supply, which indicates the regular nature of the adaptive metabolic reaction in young pigs in response on changes in the level of energy in the diet (table. 3).

 As the data in table. 3, the level of exchange energy in a given diet, amounting to 12.81 MJ / kg, is optimal for cross-border piglets, the ΣAA / ΣCA coefficient for piglets on this diet was 0.38, while the test level of exchange energy (12, 18 MJ / kg ) turned out to be scarce, the ΣAA / ΣCA coefficient on this diet was significantly lower - 0.23, and the urea concentration, which indicates the increased use of amino acids for energetic purposes, increased significantly. And, as the weighing results showed, the average daily gain in live weight is asked for from 45 to 105 days of age in the groups - 489.65 ± 58.78 and 422 ± 77 ± 46.96 g / day.

Claims (1)

A method of controlling the energy supply of growing pigs, including feeding animals diets with a tested level of metabolic energy and with a given optimal level of metabolic energy for a given age, followed by taking into account the results of feeding by biochemical parameters, characterized in that the determination of biochemical parameters is carried out after 4-5 days after feeding animals diets with the test subject and a given level of metabolic energy, while using biochemical indicators of growing pigs using t is the concentration of free amino acids of the "alanine group" (alanine, glycine, threonine, serine, cysteine) and the concentration of urea, and feeding results are taken into account by the ratio of the sum of amino acids of the "alanine group" to the total amount of free amino acids in blood plasma, while the coefficient value 0.23-0.29 indicates a reduced level of metabolic energy of the test diet, and a coefficient value of 0.38-0.47 indicates an increased level of metabolic energy in the diet, and an increase in the concentration of urea in plasma to 4.08 ± 0 , 10 mmol / L indicates an increased use of amino acids for energy purposes.

Images