RU2220493C2 - Diamagnetic-and-thermal method for setting up torque - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering. SUBSTANCE: method involves use of following procedures: magnetic field of stator revolves due to traveling thermal wave that transfers definite regions of superconducting diamagnetic part of stator into usual non- superconducting state for the time being. Shaft torque is set up due to interaction between revolving magnetic field of stator and running region of rotor. EFFECT: provision for stepless field control. 1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of electric power and may find application in engines and other machines used in various fields of human activity.

 Known methods for producing torque based on the interaction of magnetic fields. These methods are widely used in electric motors of both alternating and direct current.

 Closest to the proposed is the method used in AC electric motors, which consists in the fact that the rotating magnetic field of the stator interacts with the magnetic field of the rotor winding or closes through a rotor that does not have a winding. As a result of this interaction, a torque arises, causing the rotor to rotate in the direction of movement of the stator magnetic field (see, for example, the book by V. S. Popov, N. N. Mansurov, S. A. Nikolaev "Electrical Engineering" M., 1952. p. .306-307, 366).

 The disadvantage of this method is that only alternating current is used to create a rotating magnetic field. Since the rotation frequency of the stator magnetic field directly depends on the frequency of the alternating current supplying the electric motor, smooth adjustment of the rotor speed is very difficult. This significantly limits the scope of such electric motors.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the capabilities and expand the scope of engines.

 The technical result of the invention is the versatility of engine power and the ability to smoothly control the speed and direction of movement of the rotor.

 The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that according to the method of obtaining torque, which consists in moving the working areas of the rotor (areas of the rotor directly affected by the working magnetic flux) by means of a moving working magnetic flux, the working magnetic flux is closed through the "normal zones" of the superconducting layer of the stator , is driven by moving superconducting "diamagnetic rings" encircling the "normal zones", and the "normal zones" are created and moved along the to the conductive stator layer by means of moving heat spots, which temporarily violate the diamagnetic and superconducting properties of the heated regions of the stator superconducting layer.

 The drawings depict a device that implements the method.

 The device consists of a stator 1 mounted on the legs 12. Inside the stator 1 there is a rotor 2 with magnetic properties, mounted on the shaft 3. The shaft 3 by means of bearings 4 is movably fixed in the covers of the stator 5, which are rigidly attached to the stator 1. The stator 1 has a magnetic circuit 6 , a layer of sequentially located thermocouples 7 (in the drawings, thermocouples included in the heating mode are marked by hatching) and a superconducting layer 8. On the superconducting layer 8 there are "normal zones" 9 not in contact with the edge of layer 8 (on drawings are indicated by hatching) around which circular electric currents flow 10. Magnetic fields of circular electric currents 10 and rotor 2 having magnetic properties create a working magnetic flux 11. Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the device — side view. Figure 2 shows a vertical section of the device is a front view. Figure 3 shows a layer of sequentially located thermocouples - top view. Thermocouples included in heating mode are indicated by hatching. Figure 4 shows the superconducting layer of the stator 8 is a top view. 4, one of the "normal zones" 9 is marked by hatching, around which an annular electric current flows 10. A working magnetic flux 11 is closed through the "normal zone" 9.

 The diamagnetic-thermal method for producing torque is that the working magnetic flux 11 created by the magnetic fields of the ring electric currents 10 flowing in the superconducting layer of the stator 8 around the “normal zones” 9 and the magnetic field having the magnetic properties of the rotor 2 is closed through the magnetic core 6, the "normal zones" 9 and the working areas of the rotor 2. When the "normal zones" 9 are moved along the superconducting layer of the stator 8, they are also moved to the superconducting "diamagnetic rings" (regions of super ovodyaschego layer stator surrounding "normal zone" and having superconducting properties and diamagnetic) working magnetic flux 11, carrying the working region of the rotor 2. As a result, the shaft 3 is transmitted rotational force. The direction and speed of movement of the rotor 2 correspond to the direction and speed of movement of the "normal zones" 9 along the superconducting layer of the stator 8 and can vary widely.

 Ring electric currents 10 flowing in the superconducting layer of the stator 8 around the "normal zones" 9 can be obtained by one of the known methods (see, for example, the journal "Science and Life" M., 10, 1966, pp. 87-96) .

 The "normal zones" 9 create, hold and move along the superconducting layer of the stator 8 by heating certain areas of the specified superconducting layer by means of heat waves to a temperature above the T-critical. In this case, the heated regions jumpwise change their properties. Superconductivity and ideal diamagnetism disappear in them. Thermal waves (heat spots moving with a temperature above the T-critical temperature moving along the superconducting layer of the stator) create, hold and move along the superconducting layer of the stator using thermocouples in series. To create, hold and move each of the "normal zones" include a group of several thermocouples. In this device that implements the inventive method, the group of thermocouples included in the heating mode, are located above opposite areas of the superconducting layer of the stator and must move synchronously, while maintaining the opposite location.

 An indispensable condition for the operability of the device is the constant maintenance of the superconducting layer of the stator 8 in the superconducting state (in the described case, the process should proceed in a medium with a temperature below the T-critical level). After moving the heat spot, the temperature of the region warmed up to this should drop below the T-critical one. Superconducting and diamagnetic properties must be restored in it. It is also necessary that the "normal zones" do not border the edge of the superconducting plate. Otherwise, the superconducting “diamagnetic rings” will break.

 There can be several “normal zones” on the superconducting layer of the stator and the working areas of the rotor associated with them through the working magnetic flux, and the working areas can have both magnetic or ferromagnetic and perfectly diamagnetic properties (in this case, the working magnetic flux will push them in front of).

 The working magnetic flux connecting the working areas of the rotor and the "normal zones" of the superconducting layer of the stator can be created in various ways. For example, it can be a magnetic flux of a rotor with magnetic properties or a magnetic flux of a fixedly mounted constant or an electromagnet. In these cases, the working magnetic flux is in the "diamagnetic ring" as follows. A "normal zone" is created on the superconducting layer of the stator, bordering the edge. Magnetic flux is introduced into this zone, after which the portion of the "normal zone" adjacent to the edge of the superconducting layer of the stator is again transferred to the superconducting state. The "diamagnetic ring" surrounding the "normal zone" with the magnetic flux passing through it closes. Further, moving the "normal zone" along the superconducting layer of the stator, we will also move the "diamagnetic ring" surrounding it, which, serving as an impenetrable barrier to magnetic flux, will carry it along with itself. Using the diamagnetic-thermal method, various types of mechanical motion can be obtained: rotational, reciprocating, etc.

 Since a heat spot that creates a "normal zone" can be obtained in various ways (a heat radiator or a radiator of a different type of energy that is converted into heat by contact with a superconductor, thermocouples connected in series on the superconductor, etc.), the device can be powered by various types energy.

 The superconducting part of the device can be either movable or stationary.

Claims (1)

Diamagnetic-thermal method of obtaining torque, which consists in acting on the working area of the rotor with a moving working magnetic flux and at the same time receiving a torque on the rotor shaft, characterized in that in the stator having a superconducting layer, by means of a moving heat wave that violates the diamagnetic and superconducting properties of certain regions of the specified superconducting layer, create, hold and move the "normal zone", with which the surrounded "diamagnes move "ring" is called a working magnetic flux generated, for example, by an annular electric current flowing in said superconducting layer around said "normal zone".

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