RU2216699C2 - Heliodrier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, equipment to dry vegetables and fruits. SUBSTANCE: heliodrier to dry vegetables and fruits includes trays for material to be dried, frame with cells for compact installation of trays, swing cover coming in the form of casing carrying transparent material installed above each tray. Trays are mounted at angle with horizon equal to latitude of locality and are fitted with lateral shoulders. Containers filled with phase- transition heat-absorbing material are attached from beneath to tray bottoms. Ventilation holes are located in bottom of drier and top of it is connected to flue pipe in which damper is installed. EFFECT: provision for quality drying which results in prolonged storage time, reduced drying time. 2 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to equipment for processing agricultural raw materials, namely for drying fruits and vegetables with a view to their preservation and long-term storage and preservation of quality; It can be used in agricultural production, food industry and other related industries.

 Known tray batch dryer, including a drying chamber with one or more horizontal trays with a bottom made of perforated sheet metal, on which a layer of dried material is laid, a fan for blowing through a layer of material of a drying agent (L. Zakharov, Application of heat in agriculture. M .: Agropromizdat, 1986, p. 215).

 The known dryer is characterized by the simplicity of the device, the drying chamber of which is loaded and unloaded periodically. The drying agent is blown once through a layer of dried material, which does not provide high efficiency and cost-effectiveness of drying.

 A well-known greenhouse-dryer containing a drying chamber, the enclosure of which is made in the form of an air heater connected to the chamber with a transparent outer and absorbing removable inner walls, is installed in the chamber of the grate for the material to be dried, a fan and inlet and outlet ducts communicated with the air heater and chamber, respectively (see author certificate 1657893, class F 24 J 2/28, F 26 B 3/28, 1991).

 The known dryer has two drying and air-heating chambers, air ducts and a fan, which also does not provide drying economics.

 The closest to the claimed technical essence and the achieved effect is a solar drying installation containing a drying chamber, a solar air heater placed under it with the formation of an intermediate cavity, a heat accumulator with a solid filler, an outdoor air pipe with an inlet fan connected to the solar air heater. The external air pipeline is passed through the accumulator, is corrugated in the zone of the latter and is equipped with dampers at the inlet and the outlet, and the outdoor air pipeline section between the accumulator and the solar air heater is equipped with its own fan. In the drying chamber are mesh boxes (or trays) with the dried material. The outside air pipe is also equipped with dampers (see ed. Certificate 1332121, class F 26 V 3/28, 08.23.87, bull. 31).

 Known dryer differs in the complexity of the device. The drying agent is blown by the fan through pipelines; there are two drying and solar-air heating chambers, which are separated by an additional capacity, which does not provide high efficiency and cost-effectiveness of drying.

 The objective of the invention is the expansion of the arsenal of tools for processing agricultural raw materials. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency and economy of drying by reducing the drying time, increasing the shelf life and maintaining quality.

 The specified technical result is achieved in that the solar dryer for drying fruits and vegetables, including trays for the material to be dried, contains a frame with cells for tightly fitting the trays, a hinged lid is made above each tray, made in the form of a frame with translucent material mounted on it, while the trays (or mesh boxes) are installed at an angle to the horizon, equal to the latitude of the area, and are equipped with transverse shoulders, containers filled with phase-transfer heat-accumulating material are attached to the bottom of the trays ohm open bottom dryer vent holes, and the top is connected to the exhaust pipe, wherein the valve is installed.

 The proposed dryer is shown in the drawings, where in Fig.1 is a front view, in Fig.2 is a transverse section aa. It consists of sections, the number of which can be from one to 30-40 pieces. Each section consists of a front wall 1, a rear wall 2 and a hinged cover 3. The wall 1 and the hinged cover 3 are frames, for example, of wooden blocks, covered, for example, with a transparent plastic film. And the wall 2, sheathed with galvanized iron, is made of a continuous sheet pile. Walls 1, 2 and a hinged lid 3 are attached to a metal frame 4 with cells for tight installation of trays (mesh boxes) 5. Directly to the bottom of the trays 5 are attached containers 6 with phase-transfer heat-accumulating material. Trays 5 are installed at an angle to the horizon, equal to the latitude of the area where the installation is operated, and oriented to the south. Electric trays are installed on the trays, for example, if the trays are metal, shoulders 7, which do not allow the material to be dried to roll and loosen the common layer of material on the tray, which improves aeration of the material layer. The dried raw material is coated with an opaque filter material. The drying chamber is connected to the pipe 8 by a smooth transition 9 made of galvanized iron. The pipe is equipped with a shutter 10 for regulating the hood. The front wall has openings 11 for extracting air.

 The proposed dryer operates as follows.

 Having opened the lid 3, the trays 5 are filled with moist material, for example, sliced fruit, they are covered with an opaque filter material, then the lid is closed 3. In the afternoon, the sun heats the wet material, trays 5, containers with phase-transfer heat-accumulating material 6 and air inside the dryer. Since the dryer is open at the bottom by ventilation holes 11 and connected to the vertical pipe 8 at the top, an air draft is created inside the dryer, which is regulated by the damper 10. The enhanced convection of the air together with the heating makes the drying process effective and it does not consume electricity for exhaust ventilation.

 At night, air heaters inside the dryer are containers with phase-transition heat-accumulating material 6, for example, crystalline hydrates of salts. During the day, when heated, the heat-accumulating material melts, and at night, crystallizing, it gives off heat to the air. Thus, the dryer can work both day and night, which speeds up the drying process of fruits, eliminates the energy consumption for drying, and prevents damage to wet material.

Thus, taking into account the foregoing, the present invention, in the form described, can be carried out and there is a real need for a solar dryer, as it has a number of advantages compared with the known ones, namely:
- easy to manufacture;
- available during operation;
- effective, as the shelf life is lengthened;
- the qualitative characteristics of fruits and vegetables are preserved;
- economical to use by reducing energy costs;
- reduced drying process.

 The proposed dryer is original, easy to manufacture and can be widely used in farmers and private farms.

Claims (1)

 A solar dryer for drying fruits and vegetables, including trays for the material to be dried, characterized in that it contains a frame with cells for tightly fitting the trays, each of which has a hinged lid made in the form of a frame with translucent material mounted on it, and the trays are installed at an angle to the horizon, equal to the latitude of the terrain, and equipped with transverse shoulders, and containers filled with phase-transition heat-accumulating material are attached to the bottom of the trays, the dryer is open from the bottom by ventilation holes, and on top is connected to a chimney in which the damper is installed.

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