RU2212123C2 - Permanent potato cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves, for crop rotation with 100% use of potato, introducing three potato sorts of different maturation groups; after harvesting, sowing one and two component mixtures of frost-resistant green-manure crops. Method allows potato to be cultivated without applying manure and large doses of mineral fertilizer, soil to be uniformly enriched in organic substance, humus content to be stabilized and phytosanitary state of soil to be improved. EFFECT: stabilized potato yield in years with different climatic conditions, reduced power consumption and reduced production costs. 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture.

 There is a method of permanent cultivation of potatoes, involving desiccation of tops before harvesting potatoes, with sowing after harvesting a two-, three-component mixture of green manure crops in different ratios depending on the agricultural background (RU 2157616 C 1, A 01 G 7/00 from 10/20/2000).

 The disadvantage of this method is that it is oriented to use in conditions of long and warm autumn, which does not take into account the peculiarities of growing potato varieties of different ripeness groups and intermediate sideral crops in the main potato growing regions of Russia.

 The technical result of the invention, the stability of potato production in years with different climatic conditions is achieved by the fact that the potato varieties are selected in different ripeness groups, and the area intended for permanent cultivation of potatoes is divided into four fields, in the first field, medium-early potatoes are planted followed by sowing of a rye mixture with vika shaggy winter, in the second field - rye with vika shaggy winter for green manure and early summer planting potatoes, in the third field - early potato with subsequent axial green manure - (white mustard + fluffy winter vetch), in the fourth planted medium-late potatoes, and the subsequent cultivation of potatoes in the area is carried out according to the crop rotation scheme.

 In the proposed method, three varieties of potatoes of various groups of ripeness and household use are used: early, characterized by the formation of a harvest of marketable tubers 55-65 days after planting and having a vegetation period of 80-90 days; medium early, in which these indicators are respectively 65-80 and 100-115; medium late 100-110 and 125-140 days.

 In the spring, a plot intended for permanent cultivation of potatoes is divided into four fields, on which potato varieties are planted at the same time in optimal agronomic terms. In the first field, the medium early variety, in the second field, early in one of three terms: 1) after plowing a winter mixture of rye with vetch fluffy on green fertilizer in the fall - planting in spring; 2) after plowing as the winter mixture grows on green fertilizer in the spring - planting potatoes in the second half of May; 3) after plowing the winter mixture on green fertilizer in the first half of June - summer planting in the second half of June (from June 15 to 30 in the Middle Volga region), in other potato-growing zones within 70-90 days before the first frosts.

 On the third field, the early and the fourth - medium-late varieties are planted. With the maturation of potato varieties of different ripeness groups and their harvesting, they begin to sow intermediate green manure crops.

 So, after harvesting in the first field of the mid-early variety in the first half of August and preparing the soil, consisting of one cultivation, the winter mixture composed of winter rye 2.4-2.5 million (100-120 kg) and shaggy winter wicky 2 is sown , 2-2.5 million (60-80 kg) of germinating seeds per 1 ha. The winter mixture is sown to a depth of 4-5 cm at the time of sowing in the rye regions (from 10 to 25 August in the zone of the Middle Volga region). Sowing a winter mixture of rye with vika shaggy is produced by the SZT-3.6 grain-seeder from a grain box. The components of agrophytocenosis composed of winter rye and winter hairy vetch by their biological and phenological characteristics complement each other well, grow and develop successfully. This mixture is well adapted to wintering factors.

 The winter mixture is crushed on green manure with the KIR-1,5 machine. Soil preparation consists of one, two-time peeling with a heavy disc harrow or plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm.

 In the third field, after harvesting an early potato cultivar in July or early August, avoiding a gap in time, the white mustard sowing machine SZT-3.6 is sowed to a depth of 2-3 cm 5.0–5.5 million white (20-25 kg) of germinating seeds per 1 ha from a grass box and vetch fluffy winter 1.8-2.0 million (50-60 kg) from grain. The green mass of a mixture of white mustard and shaggy winter vetch is plowed in late autumn with a plow with skimmers to a depth of 15-20 cm.

 In the fourth field, after harvesting a medium-late variety of potatoes, plowing is performed plowing to a depth of 27-30 cm.

 Zoned cultivars are cultivated.

 The proposed method is illustrated by the scheme, which shows the placement of potato varieties of different ripeness groups and intermediate sideral crops in the fields of crop rotation.

Scheme
field 1 Potato (medium early variety) + winter-crop mixture (rye + fluffy vetch)
field 2 Winter mixture (rye + shaggy vetch) for green manure + potato seed (early variety)
field 3 Potatoes (early variety) + crop mixture (white mustard + winter shaggy vetch) per siderat
field 4 Potatoes (medium late variety)
Example. For cultivation of potatoes with a permanent planting, three varieties are used: early, medium, middle, late and seeds of cold-resistant sideral crops: winter rye, winter shaggy vetch, white mustard. A plot intended for permanent cultivation of potatoes is divided into four fields, on which potato varieties are planted at the same time in optimal agrotechnical terms from April 25 to May 10. In the first field, middle early, in the second field early, without green manure at normal times, in rotation with intermediate sideral crops, from the second year in the second half of June - summer planting, in the third field early and in the fourth medium-late variety.

 As the varieties of potatoes of different ripeness ripen and harvest in half of each field, sequentially, according to the scheme, they begin to sow intermediate sideral crops; in the second half, lateral crops were not sown as a control. So, after harvesting in the first field of the mid-early variety in the first half of August and preparing the soil, consisting of one cultivation, the winter mixture is sown, made up of 2.4-2.5 million rye (100-120 kg) and shaggy winter vetch 2, 2-2.5 million (60-80 kg) of germinating seeds per 1 ha to a depth of 4-5 cm in the period from August 10 to 25. Sowing a winter mixture of rye with Vika shaggy is carried out with a SZT-3.6 grain seeder from a grain box in a continuous, ordinary way.

 In the second field, the winter mixture, rye with shaggy vetch in the first half of June in the phase of heading of the cereal and flowering of the legume crop is crushed into green manure with the KIR-1,5 machine.

 Soil preparation for the summer potato planting period consists of one peeling with a heavy disc harrow and plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm.

 In the third field, after harvesting an early potato cultivar in July or early August, avoiding a gap in time, a white mustard of 5.0-5.5 million sowed with the SZT-3.6 seeder in a continuous row method is sown to a depth of 2-3 cm (20 -25 kg), germinating seeds per 1 ha from a grass box and vetch shaggy winter 1.8-2.0 million (50-60 kg) from grain. In October, the green mass of a mixture of white mustard and shaggy winter vetch is plowed with skimmers to a depth of 15-20 cm. In the fourth field, after harvesting a medium-late variety of potato, plowing is plowed to a depth of 27-30 cm.

 Comparative data are given in the table. The table shows: the method of permanent planting of potatoes with the placement of the crop in crop rotation using potato varieties of different ripeness groups and intermediate sideral crops stabilizes the humus content, increases productivity, improves the phytosanitary condition of plantings and the quality of potatoes.

Claims (1)

 A method of permanent cultivation of potatoes, including the cultivation of green manure, characterized in that the varieties of potatoes are selected for different ripeness groups, and the plot intended for seedless potato cultivation is divided into four fields, in the first field, medium-sized potatoes are planted, followed by sowing a mixture of rye and shaggy winter , in the second field - rye with winter shaggy vika for green manure and early summer planting potatoes, in the third field - early potatoes with subsequent seeding of sederata (white mustard + shaggy vetch winter), in the fourth planted medium-late potatoes, and the subsequent cultivation of potatoes in the area is carried out according to the crop rotation scheme.

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