RU2212148C2 - Apparatus for extracting mollusk flesh from shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: reprocessing of mollusks, in particular, stentor. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has immovably fixed vertical cylinder incorporating washing-grinding device comprising axially aligned disks mounted on vertical shaft. Upper disk has smaller diameter and is provided with radial ribs used in the number less than three other disks positioned below said upper disk. Baffles are positioned between disks. Lower end of cylinder is immersed into separator, which is made in the form of rectangular bath and equipped with bath hydrodynamics regulating system. Bath has vertical wall pivotally secured with its one end in the vicinity of tray for rotation around pivot joint axis, and vertical activator positioned on bath bottom. Axis of rotation of activator shaft is aligned with axis of rotation of basic swirling liquid flow, which is movable in helical line within separator bath. EFFECT: reduced metal usage and power consumption, compact construction allowing apparatus to be used in small-sized commercial fishing ships. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the fishing industry, and in particular to devices used to separate shellfish meat, in particular the trumpeter, from the skeleton, and can be used in the processing of the trumpeter for food purposes on board a fishing vessel.

A known processing line of the blower, in which, in the course of the technological process, crusher, a device for separating meat from the shell made in the form of a bar drum located horizontally, a device for the final cleaning of meat from the shell made in series in the form of a mesh drum, an agitator in the form of a cylindrical container, in the inner cavity of which in the lower zone the blades are placed, while a hollow is mounted on the line shaft with holes along the entire length for supplying sea water to each device of the line (Trumpeter processing line (0612.00.000). Technical description and operating instructions. NPO Daltekhrybprom, Fishing Committee of the Russian Federation, 690043, Vladivostok, Kalininskaya St. , 43). This design, when it is mounted on fishing vessels to mechanize the process of producing trumpeter meat, requires a significant area within 120-125 m ² and a room height of 2.5-2.7 m. In this case, the yield of the finished product (pure meat without shell) will not exceed thirty%.

 The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of essential features is a device comprising a crusher, which is a housing with a shaft placed inside, on the surface of which protrusions are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, interacting with a mollusk shell pressed against a housing plate mounted on its hinges the upper edge so that it can rotate around the hinge axes, and provided on the inside with a bar, also in contact with the shell of the mollusk, The property, which is a perforated hollow drum mounted with an inclination and rotated by an electric motor through a gear wheel covering the outer surface of the drum, and ribs are mounted spiral inside the drum; a conveyor partially immersed in liquid and intended for lifting and transporting product components, while the washing device and separator are connected a conduit for supplying the working fluid, brine (U.S. Patent 4312099, cl. 17-48; 17-74, 1982).

 However, the above-described device for separating shellfish meat from shells according to US patent 4312099 has significant drawbacks. Used as technological equipment for the implementation of the process of separating shellfish meat from shells described in this patent is not suitable for a single shellfish processing with a high yield of finished product - pure meat without including shellfish meat attached to pieces of shells. Therefore, after the initial separation of the mollusks, carried out by the device described above, the first liquid stream, including fragments of pure meat and attached to pieces of shells, from the separator is piped to a centrifugal washer. In this machine, clean meat is separated from meat attached to pieces of shells. The latter is sent to an auxiliary crusher, repeating the process described above. This crusher is the same device as the crusher of the device used to implement the method of separating shellfish meat from shells, but has a slightly smaller size. After processing in the crusher, a fluid flow with meat and shells is sent to a second separator. From the second separator, the meat is piped to the first separator. A second stream is diverted to the centrifuge washer, where it is separated into shells and clean clam meat.

 Thus, to increase the yield of the finished product, the device should include two crushers (larger and smaller), two separators and two centrifugal washers, as well as a mesh water separator with a piping system. To rotate the movable elements of crushers, separators and centrifugal washing devices, at least 6 electric motors are required. Thus, the design of this device is complex, has a large size, metal consumption and requires significant energy consumption.

 When creating the invention, the task was to intensify the hydrodynamic and corresponding mechanical processes, to simplify the design by combining washing and crushing devices equipped with a common drive, and to increase the yield of extracted meat.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known device containing a washing device in the form of a drum of a cylindrical shape, a separator partially filled with liquid, with nozzles for supplying liquid, a crushing device, as well as drives, it is proposed to make the improvements described below. A feature of the claimed invention is that the washing device is combined with a crushing device, while having a common drive, fixed motionless and vertically and provided with a shaft and disks mounted on it coaxially, and the upper disk has a smaller diameter and a small number of radial ribs compared to three lower disks, reflectors are mounted between all disks, while the lower end of the drum is immersed in a separator made in the form of a rectangular bathtub and equipped with a hydrodynamic control system arrangement in it, containing a vertical wall pivotally fixed at one end in the tray region with the possibility of rotation around the hinge axis under the influence of the screw-nut transmission force, and a vertical activator located at the bottom of the bath, and the axis of rotation of the activator shaft coincides with the axis of rotation a swirling main flow of fluid moving in a spiral in the separator bath, and is additionally equipped with nozzles for supplying this main flow and an additional upward flow of fluid for delivering meat to l outflow.

 A distinctive feature is that the crusher is enclosed in a washing device, for which the washing device is additionally equipped with disks, one of which is mounted on top, and its diameter is 0.50-0.70 of the diameter of the other disks, and the other is directly below this disk. Between each disk, respectively, a reflector is installed in the form of a cone-shaped shell. Its implementation will significantly improve technological characteristics due to the high degree of compactness of the unit. Indeed, in the prototype, the crusher is made in the form of a housing with a shaft located inside, on the surface of which protrusions are located. In real working conditions, when feeding the shell and crushing, there is a significant damage to the surface of the meat with protrusions, which makes the quality of the product very low. The combination of crushing and washing devices in the proposed solution allows us to apply a fundamentally new method of destruction of such sinks due to the influence of the field of centrifugal forces on them. The proposed option for the destruction of shells by the upper two disks, in addition to the guaranteed destruction of shells without damaging the surface of the meat, also provides a compact device. This reduces the number of email. engines and fuel consumption. energy. The two upper disks during rotation provide such an intensity of the action of the centrifugal force field, at which the shells are destroyed without surface damage to the meat when the shell hits the inner wall. Due to the fact that in the conditions of fishing on the decks of small vessels there are no conditions for sorting sinks, sinks of various sizes are fed into the installation. Therefore, in the proposed solution, the distance between the ribs of the upper disk should be such that in the space between the ribs could fit a whole shell of maximum size. This is achieved by the fact that the number of ribs of the upper disk is half the number of ribs of the lower disk, in addition, the upper disk is 0.5-0.7 diameters of the others and allows you to provide the corresponding trajectory of movement of the shell of maximum dimensions with an inertia force guaranteeing the destruction of the shell upon impact the inner wall without damaging the surface of the meat.

 The next distinguishing feature is that the separator is made in the form of a rectangular bathtub and communicated with a washing device to create a closed circulation hydrodynamic circuit, while the separator is equipped with a vertical partition in the form of a plate, pivotally mounted at one end in the area of the tray, with the possibility of rotation.

 In various regions of the oceans, shells of the mollusk of the trumpeter are found, which have different values of overall dimensions, wall thickness of the shell, and also the mass of meat, and in this regard, if there is a rigid wall of the bath, the field of inertial forces does not guarantee complete cleaning of the meat in a wide range of all sizes of shells.

 The implementation of the distinguishing feature contributes to the fact that at the separator bath it becomes possible to control the “swirl angle” of the main fluid flow moving in a spiral into which the destroyed shells (coming out of the drum) fall due to rotation of a vertical wall around a vertical axis of the hinge. In the proposed technical solution, regulatory operations are performed quite simply.

 The final distinguishing feature is that the unit is equipped with a vertical activator located at the bottom of the bathtub, and the axis of rotation of the activator shaft coincides with the axis of rotation of the swirling main fluid flow, moving in a spiral in the separator bath. The implementation of the final distinguishing feature will provide two specific operating modes of the unit. The first mode involves turning on the auxiliary electric motor of the vertical activator, which performs auxiliary functions in the case when crushed sinks of maximum dimensions begin to enter the separator bath, and the vertical wall fixed in the extreme position does not provide the optimal hydrodynamic regime in which the meat is completely cleaned. The second mode of operation is observed when small and medium sized sinks enter the separator bath. In this case, the auxiliary electric motor of the vertical activator is switched on (periodically), but only at that moment in time when the process of whitening meat is moving in the bath along a path close to the circle.

 The above distinguishing features were not found by the authors and the applicant in the sources of information, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria "H" and "P".

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a General view of the device.

 An apparatus for extracting mollusk meat, for example, a blower, comprises a combined crushing and washing device consisting of a vertical non-rotating drum 1, in which a vertical shaft 2 is placed with disks 3, 4, 5, 6 fixed to it coaxially, between which three reflectors 7 are mounted, made in the form of a cone-shaped shell (in figure 1, all reflectors 7 are conventionally not shown). By means of a coupling, the shaft 2 is connected to the electric motor 8. On one side of the disk 3, ribs are installed in the form of plates with a bevel on the upper edge of each plate from the center to its periphery. This disk has a smaller (compared to other disks) diameter and a small number of ribs 5-6 pieces. Discs 4, 5, 6 are made with a large diameter and a large number of ribs, reaching 10-12 pieces. The drum 1 of the crushing and washing device is immersed with its lower end in the separator 9, which is a rectangular bath, in the lower part of which a pipe 10 with a valve 11 is installed to create the main fluid flow. A hatch 12 is provided for removing shell fragments in the lower part of the bath of the separator 9, and a groove 13 is provided in the upper part of the side wall of the bath for removing the mollusk and mucus viscera from the surface of the separator 9. A water supply pipe is located above the upper end of the drum 1 of the crushing and washing device 14 inside the drum 1 and the guide tray 15 for supplying whole shells to the working bodies of the device. In the lower part of the rectangular-shaped container of the separator 9, a pipe 16 is installed with a valve 17 for supplying purified meat to the tray 18, which is attached to one of the side walls of the bath and equipped with a valve 19 for the exit of meat. The design provides for a vertical wall 20, fixed at one end on a hinge 21, immersed in the bath of the separator 9 with the possibility of rotation around the axis of the hinge 21. This design feature allows you to adjust the "twist angle, depending on the fishing situation and the fishing area, as well as the dimensions of the shells of the pipe "the main fluid flow in the bath due to the impact of the force in the transmission of the screw-nut" 22. The design is equipped with a vertical activator 23 located on the bottom of the bath so that the axis of rotation of the shaft activator coincides with the axis of rotation of the swirling main fluid flow, moving in a spiral in the bath of the separator 9. The actuator 23 is driven by an auxiliary electric motor 24 (with a variable shaft speed and reverse).

 The unit operates as follows. Previously, depending on the fishing situation (average dimensions of the shells), a vertical wall 20 is installed at a certain angle by turning around the axis of the hinge 21 under the influence of the screw-nut transmission force 22 and is rigidly fixed. A valve 11 is opened on the pipeline 10 and the fluid through the nozzle enters the bath of the separator 9 to the level of the tray 18. At the same time, part of the fluid moves along the nozzle 14 into the drum 1. The motor 8 is turned on, the rotation of which is transmitted to the shaft 2; when the shaft 2 is rotated with the disks 3, 4, 5, 6, the disk 6 intensifies the process of fluid movement, which is located inside the drum 1 of the crushing and washing device.

 Consider the case when shells of mainly medium size come in for processing, and the vertical wall 20 is fixed in the middle position in the bath of the separator 9. Along the guide tray 15, the whole shells are fed to the center of the rotating disk 3. The inertia forces drop them to the periphery, where they hit about the inner wall of the drum 1, undergo preliminary mechanical destruction, while splitting only their shell. Then, the deformed shells through the reflector 7 re-enter the center of the disk 4, which has a larger diameter compared to the previous one. Upon repeated impact on the inner wall of the drum 1 (under the influence of a centrifugal force field), the crushing of shells is completely completed. The resulting product of processing on the reflector 7 moves to the Central part of the disk 5 and centrifugal forces for the third time hit this mass on the inner wall of the drum 1; at the same time, a preliminary partial separation of the product into its components takes place: shell fragments, meat and entrails. And finally, the formed components are lowered to the center of the disk 6, which is immersed in the liquid. The last time, the components of the disk 6 are discarded to the periphery, and when they hit the wall of the drum 1, further separation of the processed products into their components continues. Then they enter the bath of the separator 9 and are carried away by the main fluid flow, which moves in a spiral within the bath of the separator 9 and merges through the groove 13 in the side wall of the bath. Due to inertial forces, fragments of the shell of the mollusk are discarded to the periphery and accumulate at the bottom of the bath in the area of hatch 12, and the meat and the insides of the mollusk continue to move in a fluid flow in a spiral, while further washing of the meat from the mucus takes place (meat bleaching).

 Due to cavitation phenomena on the disk 6 of the crushing and washing device, the liquid in the bath of the separator 9 is saturated with dispersed air, which pushes the tissues of the mollusk's interior and mucus to the surface of the liquid. The entrails and the mucus together with the fluid flow merge through the groove 13 in the side wall of the separator bath 9. At the same time, the gravity of the meat overcomes the viscosity of the liquid and it sinks to the bottom of the separator bath 9, re-enters the main fluid flow and begins to move in the separator bath 9 along a path close to a circle with a vertical axis of rotation XX. This will be repeated until the meat is whitened completely and the bulk of the tissues of the mollusk viscera and mucus are removed through the groove 13 of the side wall of the separator 9 bath.

 To reduce the time of bleaching meat and improve the quality of this product, an auxiliary electric motor 24 (with an appropriate shaft speed) of the vertical activator 23 is turned on, which significantly intensifies the process of movement of bleached meat along a path close to a circle around the axis of rotation XX, with significant angular velocities. After that, the auxiliary motor 24 is turned off, activator 23 is withdrawn from the operating mode, and the valve 19 of the tray 18 and the valve 17 on the nozzle 16 are opened. With the liquid flowing upward from it, the pieces of bleached meat are thrown onto the tray 18 in turn. This will continue until all pieces of meat rotating in the main fluid flow around the circumference are discarded onto tray 18 and from it enter the meat collecting container. The fragments of the shell of the mollusk through the hatch 12 are periodically removed outside the bath of the separator 9.

 Let us analyze the case when large-sized sinks arrive for processing, and the vertical wall 20 is fixed in the position closest to the drum 1. Due to the large distance between the radial ribs of the disk 3 and its small diameter, the processed shells are not only captured by the rotating disk 3, but also manage to make a complex path under the action of the field of centrifugal forces, having hit the inner surface of the drum 1. At the same time, they also undergo preliminary mechanical destruction accompanied by breaking the shell. The deformed shells along the reflector 7 go to the center of the disk 4, which has a larger diameter, and then the disks 5, 6 are circled in turn. All this is accompanied by the above-described mechanical, hydrodynamic, and technological processes, and shell fragments sink to the bottom of the separator 9 bathtub, meat and entrails are enough large sizes. They are also carried away by the main fluid flow in a spiral, but for their qualitative separation into components with subsequent accumulation in the corresponding zones of the bath, significant inertial forces are required. This problem is partially solved by installing a vertical wall 20 in the indicated “near position” when the cross-sectional area of the swirling main flow of fluid is reduced (at a constant flow rate of fluid leaving the nozzle 10). It is known that at a constant flow rate of the liquid, a decrease in the cross-sectional area is accompanied by an increase in the flow velocity and an increase in inertial forces acting on the components moving in the fluid flow. In order to increase the field strength of the centrifugal forces, the auxiliary electric motor 24 (with the corresponding shaft speed) of the vertical activator 23 is turned on, which first intensifies the process of movement of the components, and then reduces the time of meat bleaching.

 In the case where small-sized sinks arrive for processing, the vertical wall 20 is fixed in the “distant position”. This increases the cross-sectional area of the passing and swirling main fluid flow. At a constant flow rate of the liquid, a decrease in the velocities and field strength of the centrifugal forces is observed, and there is also an inappropriate distribution of the separated components in the bath. To inhibit the swirling flow, a short-term activation of the activator 23 is possible (by changing the direction of rotation of the shaft, and then switch to the opposite direction to reduce the time for bleaching meat).

 To stop the operation of the device, it is necessary to turn off the electric motors 8 and 24, close the valve 19 and open the hatch 12 to remove fragments of the mollusk shell and liquid from the separator bath 9. Close all valves on the pipelines.

 The proposed unit for extracting mollusk meat from shells, compared with the known ones, can significantly reduce metal consumption during its manufacture, and energy consumption during operation. Due to its small size, the device can be used on small fishing vessels.

Claims (1)

 A unit for extracting mollusk meat from sinks containing a washing device in the form of a cylindrical drum, a separator partially filled with liquid, with nozzles for supplying liquid, a crushing device, as well as drives, characterized in that the washing device is combined with a crushing device, while having the common drive is fixed stationary and vertically and is equipped with a shaft and disks mounted coaxially on it, and the upper disk has a smaller diameter and a small number of radial ribs in comparison with the other three the lower disks are mounted beneath it, reflectors are mounted between all disks, while the lower end of the drum is immersed in a separator made in the form of a rectangular bath and equipped with a system for regulating the hydrodynamic situation in it, containing a vertical wall pivotally mounted at one end in the area of the tray rotation around the hinge axis under the influence of the screw-nut transmission force, and a vertical activator located at the bottom, and the axis of rotation of the activator shaft coincides with the rotation axis a rotating main flow of fluid, spiraling in the separator bath, and is additionally equipped with nozzles for supplying this main flow and an additional upward fluid flow for delivering meat to the tray.