RU2210198C2 - Combined tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: tillage tool has disk batteries, shear hoes, rolls with wedge-shaped rim and continuous cylindrical roll, with all mentioned parts of tillage tool being mounted in succession on frame. Cylindrical roll has toothed coils of rectangular profile, with elongated side of rectangular profile being inclined at an acute angle to cylindrical roll. EFFECT: increased efficiency, increased tillage quality and reduced wind and water erosion of soil by keeping stubble on surface. 9 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined tillage units.

 Famous tillage implements (1, Plishkin A.A. et al. Complex mechanization of work to protect the soil from wind erosion. - M .: Kolos, - 1989, - p. 16-34), including a frame, plane-cutting legs, support wheels, adjustment mechanism, hitch.

 The disadvantages of the known tillage tools include the fact that during operation they do not provide intensive crumbling of the soil and destruction of weeds with a shallow root system and do not create a moisture-saving loosened layer with a leveled surface in one pass of the unit.

 Known combination tool (USSR, AS 180001, MKI A 01 B 49/02. - BI 6, 1966, - 2 pp.), Including a frame, disk batteries, flat-cutting legs, a hitch with a lifting mechanism for adjusting the depth of tillage, supporting wheels.

 The disadvantages of the known combined tools include the fact that the treated treated soil layer to various depths with disk batteries and flat-cutting paws is highly fluffy, not densified within the soil moisture limits: from the moisture of the capillary rupture to the moisture content, and the surface of the top layer is not leveled, i.e. during operation the well-known combined tool does not vertically form a moisture-saving and moisture-accumulating soil layer, which in turn should consist of two layers: the top is loose dry, the other is irrelevant - compacted moisturized. These are layers with different porosity and density, which in the zone of dry farming are the basis for the conservation and accumulation of moisture.

 Known combined tillage implement RU 21119733, 12/27/1998, 4 pages, containing a frame, disk batteries, flat-cutting legs, a hitch, a mechanism for adjusting the working depth of the working bodies, support wheels and two rows of rollers installed behind the flat-cutting legs, and the rollers of the second row have turns with serrated cutting edge.

 The disadvantages of the well-known combined tools include the fact that when working in areas of insufficient and unstable humidification, the moisture-accumulating and moisture-saving layers of the treated soil are formed poorly vertically, the soil is poorly processed, which requires additional passes of the unit.

 To eliminate these drawbacks, the rollers of the first row have a wedge profile of the rim, and the roller of the second row is made smooth cylindrical, and its coils have a rectangular profile, the long side of which is inclined at an acute angle to the axis of the cylindrical roller.

 Sequential placement of disks on the frame of the aggregate: paws and two types of rollers can improve soil crumbling, reduce the amount of aggregate passage through the field, and thereby maintain the soil structure and its resistance to water and wind erosion.

 The installation of rollers with a wedge profile of the rim behind the plane-cutting paws ensures that the wedge penetrates into the loosened soil layer with a disk and paw, and provides additional crumbling, since the wedge cuts the soil into smaller fractions, and the sides of the wedge compact the soil, reducing the distance between the soil lumps, i.e. create a compacted loose layer with greater moisture than the upper loose dry layer and the layer lying on the sole of the monolith.

 The location of the second row of the cylindrical roller behind the wedge rollers makes it possible to smooth the soil rollers after passing ahead of the working bodies, namely: disks, paws, wedge rollers.

 Rigid fastening of the turns on the surface of the cylindrical roller and the inclination of their greater side at an acute angle to the axis allows the displacement of the upper soil from the periphery to the center of the loosened strip by the aggregate.

 The implementation of the edge of the toothed turns allows you to form the upper dry layer of greater porosity and density than the underlying wet sealed. This, in turn, makes it possible to retain moisture in the second layer, since the dry top layer protects it from overheating and accumulates moisture in it due to the fact that the top layer passes moisture through precipitation well.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a combined tillage unit (side view).

 Figure 2 shows the same unit (top view).

 Figure 3 - wedge ring roller (front view).

 4, a wedge ring roller is drawn (side view).

 Figure 5 presents a cylindrical roller (side view).

 Figure 6 presents a section aa of figure 5.

 In FIG. 7 shows a rectangular profile of a coil of a cylindrical roller (side view).

 On Fig given a scan of the coil with a serrated edge.

 In FIG. 9 shows the technological process of a combined tillage unit.

 The combined tillage unit has a frame 1, a linkage 2, support wheels 3, racks 4, a machining depth adjustment mechanism 5, disk batteries 6, flat-cutting legs 7, wedge rollers 8 mounted on an axis 9, a cylindrical roller 10 with turns 11, the edges of which are provided teeth 12, and the long side 13 of the turn is inclined to the axis 14 of the cylindrical roller at an acute angle α. On the frame 1 are mounted sequentially disk batteries 6, flat-cutting legs 7, in front of which are mounted disks, the cutting edge of which is set 5-6 cm higher than the cutting edge of the legs. Behind legs 7 frontally two rows of rollers are located. One of them is wedge 8, and the other is cylindrical 10. The axis 9 of the wedge rollers 8 is pivotally attached to the frame 1 and spring-loaded. The leash of the cylindrical roller 10 is connected to the axis 9 of the wedge rollers and is equipped with a limiter for lowering the roller 10 down when the unit is raised to the transport position.

 Combined tillage unit operates as follows. Batteries 6 disk working bodies loosen the soil to a depth of 8-9 cm, shifting the soil from the periphery to the center of the unit; flat-cutting legs 7 increase the depth of processing by 14-16 cm, separating the soil layer from the dense monolith (g). When the formation moves along the working surface of the paw, it crumbles and, after leaving the back edge of the paw, it is laid on the bed and thus a compacted loose layer (c) is formed. Wedge rollers 8 penetrate into loose soil into small fractions, and side wedges compact the soil, creating a compacted moistened layer (b). A cylindrical roller in 10 turns, moving part of the soil from the center to the periphery, evenly distributing, evens the surface of the loosened soil along the width of the aggregate. At the same time, the teeth of 12 turns 11 mulch the upper dry layer (a), giving it a certain porosity and density. That is, when the unit is operated vertically down, four different layers are created: a - the top is loose and dry; b - compacted moistened; in - compacted-loose; g is dense. The first two layers form a moisture-saving, moisture-accumulating soil layer between themselves, since the upper dry loose layer passes the moisture of precipitation well, increasing the moisture content of the layer (b), and at high air temperature it protects the layer (b) from overheating, reducing moisture evaporation.

 The combined tillage unit does not have a negative impact on the environment, since crop residues remain on the soil surface by up to 45%, which reduce wind and water erosion of the soil, so the environmental situation in the area of application of the proposed combined tillage unit is not disturbed.

Claims (1)

 A combined tillage unit comprising a frame, a hitch, support wheels, a mechanism for adjusting the depth of tillage and successively mounted disk batteries, flat-cutting legs and two rows of rollers located behind the flat-cutting legs, the second row roller having turns with a toothed upper edge, characterized in that that the rollers of the first row have a wedge profile of the rim, and the roller of the second row is made smooth cylindrical, and its turns have a rectangular profile, the long side of which is inclined under Thrym angle to the axis of the cylindrical roller.

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