RU2208101C1 - Building block - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: industry of building materials used in low-story construction. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in construction of objects with high requirements for facing of buildings, heat and sound insulation of rooms. Building block includes coat of facing surface-facing layer, concrete construction layers and heat insulation layer placed between them. Thickness of layers is chosen with the aid of relation A : B : C : D = 0.4 : 1.2 : 3.2 : 5.3 where A is facing layer, B is concrete internal layer, C is heat insulation layer, D is concrete internal bearing layer. Internal and internal bearing layers are joined by means of bars piercing heat insulation layer made of glass reinforced plastic. Facing layer is made of mixture of gray and white cements, expanded clay aggregate, sand and water taken in ratio 2.4 : 2.2 : 5.4 :1.0 with addition of plasticizer and coloring agent. Bevel is made along perimeter of facing layer. EFFECT: good heat and sound insulation characteristics and raised strength of block, obtainment of decorative facing surface. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the building materials industry, used, in particular, in low-rise construction, and can be used in the construction of civil and industrial facilities with high requirements for decorative exterior cladding of buildings, heat and sound insulation of premises, for example residential buildings, cottages and other buildings.

 The well-known "Building block" according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2114959, 1997, class. E 04 C 2/00, which describes a multilayer building block containing a frame in the form of a closed structural layer and a layer of insulation. The structural layer is made of wood-cement board, and the insulation is based on a mixture of expanded polystyrene and cement, while the specified ratio of geometric parameters is maintained.

 However, such a building block is not strong enough and requires additional decoration or cladding of the external walls of the structures erected from these blocks, which significantly increases construction costs.

 The famous "Decorative facing building stone" according to the patent 2131006, 1998. , cl. E 04 C 1/40, which also describes a multilayer building material, consisting of a decorative finishing layer and building. The decorative finishing layer is made of a mixture of hydraulic binder, filler and pigment, and silicate or ceramic bricks are used as the building layer, while the specified ratio of the thickness of the finishing and building layers is maintained.

 However, such a building element does not provide sufficient heat, and therefore additional insulation of buildings is required, and the finishing layer does not allow to obtain a diverse texture of decoration and does not provide an architectural diversity of the structural design of the walls.

 The closest technical solution is the "Building wall block" according to patent 2131501, class. E 04 C 1/40, 06/10/1999, which also describes a multilayer building element. The block contains two building layers separated by a core of heat-insulating material. The construction layer is made of expanded clay concrete or another type of structural concrete. The heat-insulating core is made of polystyrene foam or other material similar in strength and thermophysical properties.

 However, such a building block requires additional finishing of the outer front surface of the walls erected from it. In addition, the connection between the layers does not provide sufficient strength of the entire block, despite the variety of forms of configuration of the insulating core.

 The technical task of the present invention is the creation of such a building element that provides good heat and sound insulation, allows you to get a decoratively formed surface of the front outer surface of the walls of buildings, provides the ability to create various architectural and structural forms of the outer walls of buildings, as well as increasing the strength of the building material and improving it operational properties.

 The problem is achieved in that in a building block, including a front surface coating - a front layer, concrete building layers and a heat-insulating layer located between them, the thickness layers are selected in relation to A: B: C: D = 0.4: 1.2: 3.2: 5.3, where A is the front layer, B is the concrete inner layer, C is the heat-insulating layer, D is the concrete inner bearing layer, the inner and inner bearing layers are connected by rods penetrating the heat-insulating layer and made in the form of fiberglass rods . The front layer is made of a mixture of gray or white cement brand M - 400, expanded clay, sand and water in the following ratio of 2.4: 2.2: 5.4: 1.0 with the addition of 10% plasticizer and the necessary amount of coloring pigment to the mixture, and a chamfer is made around the perimeter of the front layer.

The inner and inner bearing layers can be made of expanded clay concrete (γ = 900 - 1200 kg / m ³ ), fine-grained concrete (γ = 1500 - 1600 kg / m ³ ), and the heat-insulating layer is made of polystyrene foam of grade 15 or 25.

 The front layer can be made of different textures and different colors.

 The inner layer has a compressive strength of 13.0 MPa (class B 10), and the inner bearing layer is over 22.0 MPa (class B 15), and the deviation from the design dimensions of the block is ± 1 mm.

 Figure 1 presents a General view of a concrete building block; figure 2 - section a - a in figure 1.

 Concrete building block consists of a textured coating of the front surface 1, concrete inner layer 2, heat-insulating layer 3 and concrete inner bearing layer 4. Reinforcing bars 5 are placed inside the block, connecting the inner layers 2 and 4 and passing through the heat-insulating layer 3. Choose the thickness layers in the following ratio A: B: C: D = 0.4: 1.2: 3.2: 5.3, where A is the front layer, B is the concrete inner layer, C is the heat-insulating layer, D is the concrete inner bearing layer . The front layer 1 is made of a mixture of gray or white cement brand M - 400, expanded clay, sand and water in the following ratio of 2.4: 2.2: 5.4: 1.0 with the addition of 10% plasticizer and coloring pigment red or yellow or any other. The front layer 1 can be made of various textures: smooth, in the form of torn bricks or any other surface configuration. According to the color scheme, the front layer 1 can also be made different. A chamfer can be made around the perimeter of the face layer 1, which can be painted in a different color from the main surface of the face layer.

The inner layers of 2.4 are made of expanded clay concrete, its density is 900 - 1200 kg / m ³ , or fine-grained concrete with a density of 1500 - 1500 kg / m ³ . The heat-insulating layer is made of polystyrene foam of grades 15 or 25. The reinforcing bars 5 are made in the form of fiberglass rods. The outer layer has a compressive strength of 13 MPa (class B 10), and the inner bearing layer is over 22.0 MPa (class B 15). The dimensions of the proposed block should be no more than ± 1 mm from the design dimensions, which ensures the minimum dimensions of the joints between the blocks, and this in turn provides reliable aesthetic laying of the blocks.

 In the manufacture of the proposed building block, a heat-insulating layer 3 is laid in the mold and reinforcing rods 5 are placed in it at different angles, a prefabricated face layer 1 is fixed, and the remaining space is filled with a mixture for the inner layers 2.4.

 This design of the block provides the strength of the connection of all layers with bonds - reinforcing rods 5 located in the sheltered layer of expanded clay concrete or foam concrete. The constructed walls of these blocks are strong, with good heat-shielding properties, while labor costs for erecting buildings are significantly reduced by 30 - 40%, sound insulation is provided, and the architectural and operational qualities of the walls increase. The mass of the walls is reduced by 1.5-2 times, which accordingly reduces transportation costs by 1.6 times. The walls are dry, breathe well, nails. This design of building blocks is in production and a number of houses and cottages from these blocks have been built.

Claims (5)

 1. The building block, including the coating of the front surface - the front layer, concrete building layers and a heat-insulating layer located between them, characterized in that the thickness layers are chosen in relation to A: B: C: D = 0.4: 1.2: 3 , 2: 5.3, where A is the front layer, B is the concrete inner layer, C is the heat-insulating layer, D is the concrete inner bearing layer, the inner and inner bearing layers are connected by rods penetrating the heat-insulating layer and made in the form of fiberglass rods, while the front layer is made of cm si of gray or white cement of brand M - 400, expanded clay, sand and water in a ratio of 2.4: 2.2: 5.4: 1.0 with the addition of 10% plasticizer and coloring pigment to the mixture, and a bevel is made around the perimeter of the front layer . 2. The building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner and inner bearing layers are made of expanded clay concrete with a density of γ = 900 - 1200 kg / m ³ or fine-grained concrete with a density of γ = 1500 - 1600 kg / m ³ and a heat-insulating layer - from expanded polystyrene grades 15 or 25.  3. The building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the front layer is textured.  4. The building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner layer has a compressive strength of 13.0 MPa, class B 10, the inner bearing layer is over 22 MPa, class B 15.  5. The building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the deviation from the design dimensions is ρ 1 mm

Images