RU2205651C1 - Method for treating fur-bearing animals at otodectosis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary arachnology. SUBSTANCE: the method deals with injecting per 1.0-1.5 ml 0.16%-concentration acarine preparation into each animal's ear twice at 8-10-d-long interval. The method is of high efficiency at no side effects. EFFECT: improved results of therapy. 4 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of veterinary arachnology, in particular to the development of effective agents for the treatment and prevention of otodectosis of fur animals.

 Otodectosis of fur animals is a widespread disease of arctic foxes, foxes and other animals, the causative agent of which is the tick Otodectes cynotis, which parasitizes on the inner surface of the auricle, ear canal and eardrum. The disease leads to animal discomfort, anxiety and, in this regard, to weight loss and lack of full skins, therefore, measures to combat this disease are relevant.

 Currently, for the treatment of animal otodectosis, a 0.02% aqueous emulsion of cypermethrin is used, which has acaricidal activity against the tick O. cynotis. Deviations from the general condition of the animal are not observed. The introduction of the drug into the auricles with the simultaneous bathing of the animal in the same emulsion increases the duration of action of cypermethrin (1).

 A highly effective natural insecto-acaricide agravertine is known, which is used to protect potatoes, all types of vegetable, fruit, medicinal, industrial and ornamental crops in open and protected ground against a complex of plant mites, all types of aphids, Colorado potato beetle, lepidoptera and sawfly larvae, tobacco and Western flower thrips and other pests.

 The drug is not dangerous for humans and warm-blooded. It does not have a systemic and cumulative effect, does not cause resistance in pests. Used by spraying plants in various doses (2).

 The objective of our research was to develop an effective method for the treatment of otodectosis of fur animals with an affordable means that does not adversely affect the animals themselves and has a low cost.

 The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that as a therapeutic agent for otodectosis of fur animals, agravertine was used, the active substance of which is the avermectin complex.

The avermectin complex is produced by soil microorganisms Streptomyces avermitils, belonging to a number of avermectins from the group of macrocyclic lactones. It consists of 4 main (B _1a , B _1c , A _1a , A _1c ) and 4 minor (B _2a , B _2b , A _2a , A _2c ), closely related components. The expressed antiparasitic action is possessed by the components of group B.

 Avermectin complex from the Streptomyces avermitils VKPM S-1440 strain was used in agravertine. Avermectin complexes can be used equally: either aversectin C, or abamectin, or ivermectin, or doramectin, or others. All avermectin complexes in a very low therapeutic dose of 0.2 mg / kg body weight have a wide spectrum of antiparasitic activity (3, 4, 5).

 The drug we developed has received the trade name acarin, a derivative of agravertine, containing 1.6 g / l of the avermectin complex.

 From the sources of information available to the applicant the specified set of existing features is unknown, which allows to obtain the specified technical result, therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "novelty".

 The applicant does not know means of a similar purpose, in which the distinguishing features of the claimed invention would be disclosed with the use of it in any combination of signs of the specified technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

 Evidence of industrial applicability is claimed in the following examples.

 Example 1. In a container with a capacity of 3 l with constant stirring, pour 1 l of agravertine containing 2 g of avermectin complex, and 0.25 l of isotonic sodium chloride solution is added. It turns out 1.25 liters of acarin 0.16% concentration.

 Example 2. The study of the effectiveness of treatment depending on the concentration of the active substance.

 48 arctic foxes and 28 foxes spontaneously infected with the tick of O. cynotis were picked up and distributed into 4 groups in such a way that there were 12 arctic foxes and 7 foxes in each group. For animals of the first group, the drug was administered at a concentration of 0.08% DV at a dose of 1 ml in each ear, the second group - 1 ml of 0.12% concentration, the third group - 1 ml of 0.16% concentration and the fourth group - 1 ml of 0.2% concentration. The control group was injected with saline. After drug administration, the base of the ear in each animal was carefully massaged.

 The effectiveness of the treatment of otodectosis depending on the concentration of the active substance is presented in table 1.

 The results of studies after treatment showed that a 0.12% concentration of the drug in foxes provided 100% efficiency, and in foxes - 85.7%. When prescribing a 0.16% concentration of the drug in both foxes and foxes, 100% efficiency was obtained. And the effectiveness of the drug at a concentration of 0.2% in foxes and foxes was similar - 100%. In the control group, the invasion intensity remained unchanged. Based on the results, 0.16% concentration of the drug was taken as optimal.

 Example 3. The study of acaricidal and ovocidal activity.

 The study of acaricidal and ovocidal activity was carried out in the laboratory of MGAVMiB them. K.I. Scriabin, according to the approved methodology (6).

 Studies were performed on ticks taken on the day of the experiment, for which active, not injured ticks were selected. The selection was carried out as follows: crusts and scabs were placed on dark-colored napkins and the tangent movements of the dissecting needle moistened with physiological saline were counted and ticks were transferred onto napkins with acaricide.

The following dilutions of the preparation were knowingly prepared: 0.16%; 0.12%; 0.08%; 0.06%; 0.03%; 0.015%; 0.0075%. The application of acaricides began with the lowest concentration. 20 ticks were transferred onto wipes with acaricide, then wipes were placed in Petri dishes and placed in a thermostat at a temperature of 27-28 ^o C and a humidity of 95%. Control ticks were treated with saline.

With each concentration, the experiment was performed in five replicates. The results of the acaricidal action of the drug were taken into account by observation under a microscope after 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 24, 36, and 72 hours. The acaricidal activity of the drug was evaluated according to the results of tick conditions after 24 hours (SK ₅₀ ).

 The study of the ovocidal effect of the drug was carried out with eggs on crusts and scabs. To do this, the material obtained from animals was placed on a heated table and waited for all the mites to crawl out of the crusts. Then the crusts in which there were 20 eggs were selected and treated with acaricide in the same dilutions, and the control with physiological saline. Then the crusts were placed on the watch glass, the edges of the glass were smeared with liquid paraffin, then they were placed in Petri dishes.

The experimental and control Petri dishes with watch glasses were placed in a thermostat at a temperature of 31-32 ^o C and a humidity of 95%. Accounting for the larvae hatch was observed for 4 days. The level of ovocidal action was expressed as a percentage. The data are given in table.2.

 The study of residual acaricidal action in vitro was carried out on napkins. For this, wipes were impregnated with 0.16%; 0.12%; 0.08% and 0.06% concentrations and were suspended in a fume hood. The ticks were replanted in an amount of 20 specimens on napkins during 21 days. Analysis was carried out 24 hours after replanting.

 The study of residual acaricidal action in vivo was carried out in a fur farm isolator. For this, healthy animals were treated with acaricide at predetermined concentrations and ticks were replanted for two weeks. A study for the presence of live or dead ticks was performed the day after replanting. The data are shown in table 3.

 From the results of the experiment it is clear that a 0.06% concentration has an acracidal effect, but does not have a pronounced duration of acaricidal action. All preset concentrations do not have ovocidal activity and, based on the development cycle, concentrations with a long-term acridic effect are necessary. The most pronounced duration of acaricidal action necessary for the treatment of animals has a 0.16% concentration, because within 6-7 days, larvae emerge from tick eggs.

 Example 4. The study of the effectiveness of treatment depending on the dose of the drug.

 85 arctic foxes and 70 foxes, spontaneously infested with otodectosis, were selected and distributed into 5 groups of 17 arctic foxes and 14 foxes in each group. The animals of the first group were injected with 0.5 ml of acarin once in each ear, the second - 1.0 ml, the third - 1.5 ml, the quadruple - 2.0 ml and the fifth - 2.5 ml.

 The results of treatment, depending on the dose of the drug are given in table 4.

 The data in the table show that 100% treatment efficiency is achieved with the introduction of 1.5 ml in each ear in foxes and 1.0 ml in foxes. The difference in testimony can be explained by the anatomical structure of the auricle of foxes and arctic foxes and the area of the treated surface. It should be noted that the drug at a dose of 2.5 ml in each ear does not cause toxic effects.

 When calculating the cost-effectiveness of treating fur-bearing animals with otodectosis, we proceeded from the fact that the price of 1 liter of acarin was 280 rubles.

 The need of the proposed drug for processing one animal per treatment course was 6 ml, and the cost of processing one animal with otodectosis is 1.7 rubles. The economic effect per ruble of costs amounted to 2.94 rubles.

 Thus, acarin in the recommended dose (0.16%) has a detrimental effect on the tick of C. cynotis, the effectiveness was 100%.

 The proposed method was tested from 2000 to 2001. with a positive result on polar foxes and foxes in the amount of 268 goals, in farms of the Moscow region.

 The proposed method, which includes a 0.16% avermectin complex, has a high acaricidal effect and reduces economic costs.

Sources of information
1. Collection of scientific papers. Invasive diseases of farm animals. L., 1989, p. 139-142.

 2. Instructions for use Agrovertina. State registration number: 01-2126-0205-0; TU 9291-001-00008064-99.

 3. William C. Campbell. Ivermectin and abamectin. New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, London, Paris, Tokio, p. 1-25, 114-124.

 4. Berezkina S.V., Golovkina L.P., Drinyaev V.A., Yurkiv V.A., Volkova G.N. Natural avermectins for the treatment of ecto- and endoparasites of animals. Mater. conf. Systematics, taxonomy and fauna of parasites, M., 1996, pp. 15-16.

 5. Golovkina L.P., Berezkina S.V. Antiparasitic drugs based on aversectin S. Vetinform, 1998, 1, p. 4.

 6. Guidelines for the initial selection of new acaricides and a comparative study of their activity against sarcoptoid ticks. Approved by the Veterinary Department VASKHNIL 06/23/82 M., 1982, p. 1-11.

Claims (1)

 A method of treating fur-bearing animals with otodectosis, comprising administering a medicinal product to the animal’s ear, characterized in that a 0.16% concentration of acarin is taken as a medicinal product and 1.0-1.5 ml are instilled into each ear twice at intervals 8-10 days.

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