RU2205163C2 - Method for manufacturing biohumus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, production of fertilizers. SUBSTANCE: poultry dung should be supplemented with organic loosening agents as wood saw-dust, cuttings and shavings followed by mixing and moisturizing up to 80- 90%. The obtained substrate is placed as storage piles at open areas and subjected to biothermal composting. Composting process is carried out at maximum temperature of 70 C by decreasing it up to minimal value of 25-30 C at the end of the process at constant loosening to enrich inferior layers with oxygen and remove gas. Ready-to-use substrate is put into trenches to occupy with red California worm of Esenia foetida type by putting it by bundles along the whole substrate's surface. Trenches should be covered with film. After processing all substrate's thickness to obtain biohumus and film removal one should remove upper dried layer and separation of the rest biohumus against worms with the help of traps as nettings. The rest ready-to-use biohumus should be sieved and dried up to 65% moisture value. The present innovation enables to obtain organic fertilizer out of poultry factories waste products. EFFECT: higher efficiency of manufacturing.

Description

 The invention relates to the agricultural industry, namely to the production of fertilizers and various soil mixtures based on them.

 A known method for the production of humus according to EP 0388496, REUSS RITA (DE), 1989, in which compost-containing materials are taken, water is added, the resulting mixture is mixed, then moisture is removed from it by compression and worms or their larvae are introduced to process said compost-containing mixture.

 The closest technical solution in relation to the claimed is a method of producing fertilizer using earthworms, known from patent US 4108625, C 05 F 11/08, published. 08/22/1978, in which a layer of fermented plant mass is formed, maintained in a wet state, the introduction of earthworms into this layer, eating this plant mass and putting off their secretions in it, collecting and cleaning these secretions, which are subsequently used as fertilizers.

 However, the proposed method in comparison with the previously known above-mentioned methods has a number of significant differences consisting in additional operations performed in a certain, different from the known sequence and aimed at creating a highly effective organic fertilizer.

 1. The main task to which this invention is directed is to create a consistent chain of measures taken on the waste of poultry farms in order to create organic fertilizer that can be used both in pure form (as an additive to the soil to improve its fertility), and how one of the most important components of soil mixtures, prepared in compliance with the required proportions of the content of this additive, for growing agricultural, flower and decorative crops in open and closed soil high fur boots, as well as for improvement, gardening and reclamation of territories.

 The use of this invention will allow, at minimal cost, using waste from poultry farms to establish a continuous process for the production of vermicompost with its further use as intended.

 It should be noted that for this method of production of vermicompost, the use of red Californian worms of the species Eisenia foetida for the processing of compost substrate is important.

The claimed method for the production of vermicompost is the following sequence of operations:
- the chicken manure used for processing is initially subjected to complete chemical analysis for NPK, pH, the presence of salts of heavy metals, radionuclides;
- suitable for further use chicken manure, which has passed the appropriate laboratory tests, is sent to specially prepared sites;
- 50% by volume of organic cultivators in the form of wood sawdust, shavings, small chips is added to chicken droppings by volume and subsequent mixing of the components is carried out with their moistening up to 80-90%;
- freshly mixed substrate is stored openly in the form of ridges (shoulders) up to 2 meters wide and 0.8-0.9 meters high in the ridge;
- before starting the biothermal process (composting) and to accelerate it, the substrate is loosened;
- periodically (daily) the temperature inside the shoulder is measured;
- after reaching the maximum temperature (70 ^o C) and before lowering it (to 25-30 ^o C), additional loosening is carried out to enrich the lower layers with oxygen and remove gases generated during the metabolism, while the substrate humidity is kept constant and equal to 85-90 %;
- the finished compost substrate is laid in a trench 10 cm thick, after which a red California worm is spread, spread in small heaps over the entire surface of the layer, and to maintain a constant humidity of 85% and a temperature of 20-25 ^o C, the trenches are covered with a film, thereby creating a favorable environment for the life of the red California worm and its processing of the entire thickness of the substrate into vermicompost;
- when the thickness of the substrate is completely processed into biohumus, the film is removed, another layer is added up to 10 cm of the compost substrate, and this is repeated until the processed thickness of biohumus reaches 30-40 cm;
- when the entire thickness of the substrate is completely processed into biohumus, the film is removed and it is possible to dry the upper layer, while the worms leave this layer, being located in the middle and lower layers;
- the top finished layer is removed up to 5 cm thick;
- the next step is the stage of separation of the finished vermicompost from worms. The separation technology is quite simple, low-power and non-material-intensive; for this, special traps are made in the form of a grid, the cells of which allow the worms to penetrate through them, on which the bait for collecting worms is applied;
- after the accumulation of worms in the trap, they are transferred to the unprocessed substrate of the next cycle of operations;
- the presence of worms in the finished biohumus is visually assessed and, if necessary, traps are re-set to collect the remaining individuals;
- the biohumus obtained as a result of previous operations is sifted and dried in trenches with a warm floor to a moisture content of 65%, while the remaining young worm specimens rise to the surface and are removed from the biohumus.

 2. Of great importance is the use of vermicompost to create ready-made soil mixtures, which can be widely used both for growing agricultural, flower and ornamental crops in open and closed ground, as well as for landscaping, landscaping and land reclamation. The presence of vermicompost in the soil mixture allows you to activate biochemical and physiological processes, increases metabolism and the overall energy level of processes in the plant body, contributes to the increased intake of nutrients into it, which helps to increase the yield and improve its quality.

 For the preparation of finished soil mixtures, additional raw materials are used. When this raw material is mixed in certain proportions with vermicompost, a soil mixture is obtained with certain characteristics that are most suitable for growing agricultural, flower and ornamental crops in open and closed ground, as well as for landscaping, landscaping and land reclamation. As a finished raw material for mixing it with biohumus, peat, chalk, sand are used in the ratio of these components, respectively, 2: 8: 0.5: 1.

 Given the ratio of vermicompost, peat, chalk and sand, the prepared soil mixture will correspond to the following physicochemical parameters, which are optimal for the intended use.

Name of indicator - Characteristic
Mass fraction of organic matter,% on dry matter - 45-50
Mass fraction of humic acids,% on dry matter - 1.2-1.4
Mass fraction of mobile forms of plant nutrients
Phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ),% on dry matter - 3.1-3.9
Potassium (K ₂ O),% on dry matter - 0.4-0.5
Calcium (CaO),% - 8-9
Magnesium (MgO), mEq / 100 g - 12-14.5
pH (aq) - 6.0-6.4
Mass fraction of water,%, no more - 25-30
Sources of information
1. Patent US 4108625, C 05 F 11/08, publ. 08/22/1978 (prototype).

 2. Patent EP 0388496, C 05 F 15/00, REUSS RITA (DE), publ. 09/26/1990.

Claims (1)

A method for the production of vermicompost, including introducing worms into a moistened substrate, composting and separating the worms from vermicompost, characterized in that chicken litter is used as a substrate, to which organic cultivators are added in the form of sawdust, wood shavings, small chips, followed by mixing and moistening to 80 -90%, the obtained substrate is placed with collars in open areas and subjected to biothermal composting, before which it is loosened, the composting process is carried out at maximum at a temperature of 70 ^o С with its decrease to a minimum of 25-30 ^o С at the end of the process with regular loosening to enrich the lower layers with oxygen and exhaust gases, the finished substrate is placed in trenches and populated with a red California worm of the species Esenia foetida by spreading it in heaps over the entire surface the substrate layer, the trenches are covered with a film, after processing the entire thickness of the substrate into biohumus and removing the film, the upper dried layer is removed and the remaining biohumus is separated from the worms using traps in the form of a net, and the remaining I prepared biohumus sieved and dried to a moisture content of 65%.