RU2201868C1 - Mandrel for making articles of composite materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of articles from composite materials. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in making all-wound double-bent taps of polymeric composite materials. Proposed mandrel contains tube-like carrying member, two trunnions projecting beyond the end faces of carrying member and ring groove making devices installed on outer forming surface of carrying member. The latter is made in form of two branch pipes interconnected by obliquely cut end faces. Said branch pipes have conical forming surfaces larger diameters of which are located at external straight- cut end faces, and axes lie in one plane forming angle α smaller than 180 degrees and two replaceable trunnions connected with branch pipes, axes of trunnions lying in said plane being arranged at angle β at (180-α)/2 degrees to axes of branch pipes or coaxially with branch pipes axes. Trunnions are made in form of rod with flange and, minimum, one stiffening rib connecting rod with flange at required angle with possibility of definite displacement in plane of branch pipes relative to straight-cut end faces along slots of removable end face forming flanges coaxially secured on straight-cut end faces of branch pipes. Rods of trunnions located at angle to axes of branch pipes are provided with center holes on end faces and on cylindrical turned surfaces coaxial with holes, and rods of coaxially arranged trunnions are provided with ring groove for lock of removable device. Mandrel makes it possible to form double bent taps by winding, on inner surface of which ring grooves are made. Such taps can be made using conventional winding equipment designed for winding tubular articles with straight-line axis of inner surface. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to equipment and tooling for processing polymer composite materials and can be used in the formation of tubular products, mainly bifurcated bends, by winding.

 Washable mandrels are widely known (see, for example, Handbook of Composite Materials. M., Mechanical Engineering, 1988, v. 2, p. 217).

 The disadvantage of this mandrel is its low compressive strength of the mandrel material.

 A mandrel for the manufacture of pipes from polymer composite materials is also known, containing a supporting element and forming elements installed on it (see, for example, USSR Author's Certificate 1669748, class B 29 C 53/82, publ. 15.08.91, Bull. 30) .

 However, the disadvantage of this mandrel is the complexity of forming ring grooves from the side of the inner surface of the molded product.

 Closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a mandrel for the manufacture of pipes made of polymer composite materials, containing a tubular bearing element, two trunnions protruding beyond the ends of the bearing element and mounted on its forming surface, ring grooves in the form of profile rings cut into sectors , which have a cross-section in the form of a triangle with a rounded apex and are fixed on the supporting element by means of studs of low-strength material installed in the adial openings of each of the sectors and the holes of the supporting element coaxial with them, and an annular bundle of wire or bundle placed in the outer groove of the profile rings (see Patent of the Russian Federation 2152874, CL 29 C 53/82, publ. 20.07.2000, bull. 20).

 The disadvantage of this mandrel is the impossibility of forming by the method of winding double-elbow bends, on the inner surface of which annular grooves are made.

 The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to provide the possibility of forming by the method of winding two-knee bends, on the inner surface of which annular grooves are made.

градусов к осям патрубков или соосно с ними и которые выполнены в виде стержня с фланцем и, как минимум, одного ребра жесткости, соединяющего стержень с фланцем под нужным углом, и имеют возможность фиксированного перемещения в плоскости патрубков относительно их прямосрезанных торцов по пазам съемных торцеобразующих фланцев, соосно закрепленных на прямосрезанных торцах патрубков, причем стержни цапф, расположенных под углом к осям патрубков, выполнены с центровыми отверстиями на торцах и соосными с ними цилиндрическими обточками, а стержни соосно расположенных цапф выполнены с кольцевыми проточками под замок съемного устройства.This problem is solved by the fact that in the mandrel for the manufacture of products from polymer composite materials, mainly double-elbow bends containing a bearing element, two trunnions protruding beyond the ends of the bearing element and ring grooves mounted on its forming surface in the form of profile rings cut into sectors, which have a cross-section in the form of a triangle with a rounded apex and are fixed to the supporting element by means of studs of low-strength material installed in the radial holes of Each of the sectors and the holes of the supporting element coaxial with them, and the annular strapping made of wire or bundle placed in the outer groove of the profile rings, the supporting element is made in the form of two oblique-cut ends of pipes connected to each other with conical forming surfaces with large diameters external straight-cut ends, and the axes lie in the same plane and form an angle α, less than 180 degrees, and two interchangeable trunnions connected to the nozzles, in which the axes lie in the same plane and p positioned at an angle β in

degrees to the axes of the nozzles or coaxially with them and which are made in the form of a rod with a flange and at least one stiffener connecting the rod with the flange at the desired angle and have the possibility of fixed movement in the plane of the nozzles relative to their straight-cut ends along the grooves of removable end-forming flanges coaxially mounted on the straight ends of the pipes, and the pins of the trunnions, located at an angle to the axes of the pipes, are made with center holes on the ends and cylindrical coaxial coaxial with them, and rzhni coaxially disposed trunnions formed with annular recesses, lock the removable device.

 Also, with the aim of expanding technological capabilities by providing the possibility of forming double-elbow bends with different angles α, each nozzle is made up of a nozzle with a straight-cut end and a nozzle with an oblique-cut end connected to it along the landing surface.

 Also, in order to ensure the smallest possible amount of runout of the mandrel with an allowable imbalance, the stiffeners of the trunnions are located in the plane of the nozzles and have a mass that provides an acceptable amount of imbalance of the mandrel.

 And the last, based on the technological capabilities of forming products by winding, the angle α to exclude the difference of the product is not less than 150 degrees.

градусов, выполнение этих цапф в виде стержня с фланцем и, как минимум, одного ребра жесткости, соединяющего стержень с фланцем под нужным углом, выполнение на торце стержней центровых отверстий и соосных с ними цилиндрических обточек, а также возможность фиксированного перемещения цапф в плоскости патрубков относительно их прямосрезанных торцов, позволяет произвести статическую балансировку оправки путем перемещения цапф в сторону ее тяжелой части до достижения допустимой величины дисбаланса, фиксации их в этом положении и последующую установку отбалансированной оправки в шпиндель станка с поджатием центром задней бабки, чем и достигается возможность последующего формирования двуколенного отвода методом намотки. Введение между патрубками и цапфами съемных торцеобразующих фланцев, которые соосно закреплены на прямосрезанных торцах патрубков, обеспечивает возможность формования чистовых торцов отводов и, тем самым, исключает необходимость их механической обработки. В свою очередь выполнение формообразующих поверхностей патрубков коническими, расположение их больших диаметров у прямосрезанных торцов, а также возможность многократной сборки-разборки соединения патрубков по кососрезанным торцам и соединения цапф с патрубками, позволяет после присоединения к патрубкам цапф с кольцевой проточкой под замок съемного устройства произвести беспрепятственное снятие с оправки отформованного на ней двуколенного отвода путем первоначального опирания одного из его торцов в упорную плиту съемного устройства и последующего удаления патрубка оправки из внутренней полости отводного колена посредством съемного устройства, замок которого предварительно фиксируется на кольцевой проточке цапфы извлекаемого патрубка. При этом в момент первоначального страгивания патрубка относительно внутренней поверхности отвода происходит срез низкопрочных шпилек, закрепляющих профильные формообразующие кольца и тем самым обеспечение беспрепятственного снятия двуколенного отвода с одной половины оправки. Снятие отвода со второй половины оправки производится аналогичным образом.The experimental work showed that the implementation of the bearing element in the form of two nozzles connected to each other by oblique ends with an external forming surface, the axes of which lie in the same plane and form an angle α of less than 180 degrees between them, makes it possible to obtain a forming surface for the inner surface of the bifold . And the ability to attach to the straight cut ends of two pins, the axes of which lie in the plane of the nozzles and form an angle β with

degrees, the execution of these pins in the form of a rod with a flange and at least one stiffener connecting the rod with the flange at the desired angle, the execution on the end of the rods of the center holes and the cylindrical coaxial coaxial with them, as well as the possibility of a fixed movement of the pins in the plane of the nozzles relative to of their straight-cut ends allows static balancing of the mandrel by moving the trunnions towards its heavy part until an acceptable imbalance is reached, fixing them in this position and subsequently w balanced installation of the mandrel into the spindle with the tailstock center snap-action, and this is achieved possibility of further forming dvukolennogo retraction winding method. The introduction between the nozzles and trunnions of removable end-forming flanges, which are coaxially mounted on the straight-cut ends of the nozzles, makes it possible to form the final ends of the outlets and, thereby, eliminates the need for their mechanical processing. In turn, the execution of the forming surfaces of the nozzles is conical, the arrangement of their large diameters at the straight-cut ends, as well as the possibility of multiple assembly-disassembly of the connection of the pipes along the cut-off ends and the connection of the trunnions with the nozzles, allows, after connecting the trunnions with annular grooves under the lock of the removable device, to produce an unhindered removal from the mandrel of the double-taped branch molded on it by first supporting one of its ends into the thrust plate of the removable device and the subsequent removal of the mandrel nozzle from the inner cavity of the branch elbow by means of a removable device, the lock of which is previously fixed on the annular groove of the trunnion of the extractable nozzle. At the same time, at the time of the initial stragging of the pipe relative to the inner surface of the tap, low-strength studs are cut, which fix the profile forming rings and thereby ensure the unhindered removal of the double-knee tap from one half of the mandrel. Removing the tap from the second half of the mandrel is done in a similar way.

 A design in which the mandrel nozzles are made up of a nozzle with straight-cut ends and a nozzle with an oblique end connected to it along the seating surface allows different nozzles to be connected to the same nozzle with straight-cut ends, at which the oblique ends are made at different angles than it is possible to form two-knee bends with different angles α on the same mandrel with the replacement of only one mandrel element, namely a nozzle with a braid cut end, thereby expanding its technological capabilities and reducing the range of mandrels for the formation of double-elbow bends.

 The design of the mandrel, in which the stiffening ribs of the pins are located in the plane of the nozzles, allows you to use them as balancing weights and makes it possible to perform balancing after reconciling the radial runout of the points of the working surface of the mandrel farthest from the axis of rotation by selecting such a mass of one or two ribs located in the plane of the nozzles, respectively, on one or both sides of the pin of the pin, which provides an acceptable value of the imbalance of the mandrel.

 As for the design of the mandrel, in which the angle α is performed at a value of at least 150 degrees, such a design follows from the technological capabilities of the winding method, in which the angle of rise of the forming surface relative to the axis of rotation should not exceed 15 degrees. Otherwise, the layers of the wound roving slide down towards the beginning of the rise of the forming surface, thereby thickening the product wall at the beginning of the rise and thinning it at the end of the rise.

 Thus, the claimed combination of features allows us to solve the problem, and also provides the possibility of forming by winding two-elbow bends, on the inner surface of which annular grooves are made, on conventional winding equipment designed for winding pipes and tube-shaped products with a straight axis of the inner surface.

 A comparative analysis of the claimed combination of features with the features of the prototype showed that the claimed combination of features differs from the features of the prototype and, therefore, meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

 Comparison of the claimed combination of features with other technical solutions in this technical field did not reveal the features inherent in the claimed technical solution and distinguishing it from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that the claimed combination of features meets the criteria of the invention "significant differences".

 In FIG. 1 shows a mandrel for the manufacture of double-knee bends by the method of winding - an option to assemble a mandrel for operations of winding and polymerization of bends; figure 2 is the same, a variant of the assembly of the mandrel for removing the bifurcated bends from the mandrel; figure 3 is the same, view a in figure 1; figure 4 is the same, leader B in figure 1; figure 5 is the same, callout In figure 1; figure 6 is the same, leader G in figure 1; figure 7 is the same, callout D in figure 1.

градусов к осям 7 патрубков 1 и 2, а сами цапфы 4 выполнены в виде стержня с фланцем и, как минимум, одного ребра жесткости, соединяющего стержень с фланцем под нужным углом, имеют центровые отверстия 8 на торцах стержней и соосно расположенные с ними цилиндрические обточки 9 на концах стержней. Также для формирования кольцевых канавок на внутренней поверхности формуемого на оправке изделия на конических формообразующих поверхностях патрубков 1 установлены профильные кольца 10, которые разрезаны на секторы, имеют в сечении форму треугольника со скругленной вершиной и выполнены с кольцевой проточкой 11 и радиальными отверстиями 12 для закрепления секторов посредством шпилек 13 из низкорочного материала, например дерева, полиэтилена, поливинилхлорида, полиамида, полипропилена, полистирола и т.д., и кольцевой обвязки 14 из проволоки или жгута.The mandrel for the manufacture of double-knee bends from polymer composite materials contains a tubular supporting element, two trunnions attached to the outer ends of the supporting element and forming elements installed on its outer surface. The supporting element is made in the form of two oblique-cut ends of prefabricated nozzles in contact with each other, which are located in the same plane and form an angle α of less than 180 degrees between them. In addition, each of the prefabricated nozzles consists of a nozzle 1 with straight-cut ends and a nozzle 2 with oblique-cut ends connected to it by means of fasteners, the outer surface of the nozzles 1 and 2 being made as one whole conical surface 3, the larger diameter of which is located at the outer straight-cut end of the nozzle 1, and the smaller one at the oblique end of the nozzle 2. Also for installing and securing the supporting element in the winding machine, the mandrel includes two interchangeable trunnions 4, which are connected to straight-cut by means of fasteners and have the possibility of fixed movement in the plane of nozzles 1 and 2 relative to the straight-cut ends of the nozzles 1 along the grooves of removable end-forming flanges 5, mounted on these ends coaxially with the nozzles 1 and 2, and the axis 6 of the pins 4 lie in the plane of the nozzles 1 and 2 on one axial line and are located at an angle β in

degrees to the axes 7 of the nozzles 1 and 2, and the trunnion 4 itself is made in the form of a rod with a flange and at least one stiffening rib connecting the rod with the flange at the right angle, have center holes 8 at the ends of the rods and cylindrical coils aligned with them 9 at the ends of the rods. Also, for the formation of annular grooves on the inner surface of the product to be formed on the mandrel, on the conical forming surfaces of the nozzles 1, profile rings 10 are installed, which are cut into sectors, have a triangle shape in cross section with a rounded apex and are made with an annular groove 11 and radial holes 12 for securing the sectors by hairpins 13 made of low-short material, such as wood, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc., and a ring strapping 14 of wire or harness.

градусов и соединяют их по сопрягаемым центрирующим поверхностям с патрубками 1, имеющими прямосрезанные торцы посредством крепежных элементов 15, 16 и 17 в два сборных патрубка, которые в свою очередь соединяют между собой по кососрезанным торцам патрубков 2 при помощи крепежных элементов 18, 19 и 20 в несущий элемент оправки таким образом, чтобы оси 7 сборных патрубков располагались в одной плоскости и находились под углом α между собой. После этого на внешние прямосрезанные торцы патрубков 2 устанавливают торцеобразующие фланцы 5 и сменные цапфы 4, сопрягая боковые поверхности их фланцев с пазами фланцев 5 таким образом, чтобы оси 6 цапф располагались на одной осевой линии в плоскости патрубков и находились под углом β в

градусов к осям 7 этих патрубков, а ребра цапф 4 лежали в этой же плоскости со стороны легкой части оправки, и предварительно закрепляют фланцы 5 и цапф 4 на прямосрезанных торцах несущего элемента посредством крепежных элементов 21 и 22. Затем на конические формообразующие поверхности 3 несущего элемента посредством шпилек 13 устанавливают профильные кольца 10, наружные поверхности которых предназначены для формирования кольцевых канавок на внутренней поверхности двуколенного отвода. При этом разрезанные на секторы профильные кольца 10 для их плотной посадки на поверхности 3 несущего элемента, обжимают кольцевой обвязкой 14 из проволоки или жгута, уложенных в кольцевую проточку 11 колец 10. После этого оправку устанавливают цилиндрическими обточками цапф 4 на балансировочные ролики или ножи для выполнения статической балансировки, которую осуществляют путем перемещения цапф 4 в плоскости патрубков 1 и 2 относительно прямосрезанных торцов патрубков 1 по пазам съемных торцеобразующих фланцев 5 в сторону тяжелой части оправки до достижения допустимой величины дисбаланса оправки и минимальной величины биения ее наиболее удаленных от оси вращения точек. При этом в качестве балансировочных грузов используют ребра жесткости цапф 4, которые лежат в плоскости патрубков со стороны легкой части оправки и имеют массу, обеспечивающую допустимую величину дисбаланса оправки в пределах 0,5...0,7 кгс•м. После балансировки производят окончательное закрепление положения цапф 4 посредством крепежных элементов 21 и 22 и их фиксацию в этом положении посредством засверловки отверстий и установки в них штифтов 23, обеспечивающих в дальнейшем возможность быстрой сборки-разборки оправки без повторения операции балансировки. Затем собранную и отбалансированную оправку устанавливают в намоточный станок, базируя ее по оси центров станка путем закрепления одной цапфы по центрирующей обточке в патроне шпинделя станка и осевого поджатия центром задней бабки, сопрягаемым с центровым отверстием второй цапфы оправки, и, обмотав наружные формообразующие поверхности оправки антиадгезионной лентой, например фторопластовой, приступают к формированию двуколенного отвода методом намотки и последующему процессу полимеризации полимерных композиционных материалов отвода в термокамере.When using a mandrel as a forming tool for forming bifold bends, on the inner surface of which annular grooves are formed, they are initially assembled, for this purpose nozzles 2 are selected, the ends of which are cut at the right angle, i.e. at an angle β in

degrees and connect them along the mating centering surfaces with nozzles 1 having straight-cut ends by means of fasteners 15, 16 and 17 into two prefabricated nozzles, which in turn are interconnected along the oblique ends of the nozzles 2 by means of fasteners 18, 19 and 20 in the bearing element of the mandrel so that the axis 7 of the collection nozzles were located in the same plane and were at an angle α to each other. After that, end-forming flanges 5 and interchangeable trunnions 4 are mounted on the external straight-cut ends of the nozzles 2, matching the lateral surfaces of their flanges with the grooves of the flanges 5 so that the axles 6 of the trunnions are located on the same axial line in the plane of the nozzles and are at an angle β in

degrees to the axes 7 of these nozzles, and the ribs of the pins 4 lay in the same plane from the side of the light part of the mandrel, and pre-fasten the flanges 5 and pins 4 on the straight-cut ends of the carrier by means of fasteners 21 and 22. Then on the conical forming surfaces 3 of the carrier by means of the studs 13, profile rings 10 are installed, the outer surfaces of which are designed to form annular grooves on the inner surface of the double-knee bend. In this case, the profile rings 10, cut into sectors, for their tight fit on the surface 3 of the supporting element, are crimped by an annular strapping 14 of wire or bundle laid in the annular groove 11 of the rings 10. After that, the mandrel is installed by cylindrical turning of the pins 4 on the balancing rollers or knives to perform static balancing, which is carried out by moving the pins 4 in the plane of the nozzles 1 and 2 relative to the straight-cut ends of the nozzles 1 along the grooves of the removable end-forming flanges 5 towards the heavy part of the frames and to achieve acceptable values of the unbalance of the mandrel and the minimum value of its heartbeat points most distant from the rotational axis. At the same time, stiffening ribs 4 are used as balancing weights, which lie in the plane of the nozzles from the side of the light part of the mandrel and have a mass that provides an acceptable mandrel imbalance within 0.5 ... 0.7 kgf • m. After balancing, the final position of the pins 4 is made by means of the fastening elements 21 and 22 and their fixation in this position by drilling holes and installing pins 23 in them, providing further quick assembly-disassembly of the mandrel without repeating the balancing operation. Then, the assembled and balanced mandrel is installed in the winding machine, basing it along the axis of the machine centers by fixing one trunnion along the centering turning in the machine spindle chuck and axial pressing by the center of the tailstock, mating with the center hole of the second mandrel trunnion, and by wrapping the external forming surfaces of the mandrel mandrel tape, for example fluoroplastic, begin to form a bile elbow by winding and the subsequent polymerization of polymer composite materials from ode in a heat chamber.

 Removing the two-knee outlet from the mandrel is carried out after polymerization, cooling together with the furnace and subsequent stabilizing exposure at a workshop temperature. To do this, initially replace the previously fixed pins 4 with pins 24, in which the rods are located at right angles to the flange of the pins and are made with an annular groove 25 for locking the removable device. To do this, it is enough to dismantle the fasteners 21 and 22 and, having removed the trunnions 4 and flanges 5, install them in their place and fix them using the same fasteners, trunnions 24, based on the central holes of the nozzles 1. At the same time, the trunnions 24 will be installed coaxially with the nozzles 1 and 2, which will make it possible to dismantle the wound bend elbow from the mandrel by supporting one of its ends in the thrust plate of the removable device, securing the lock of the removable device on the groove 25 of the pin 24 and moving the mandrel along the axis of the dismountable track on tap. In this case, the movable mandrel assembly pipe, consisting of nozzles 1 and 2, is previously disconnected from the adjacent mandrel assembly pipe by dismantling the fasteners 18, 19 and 20. At the time of the initial stragging of the assembly pipe relative to the inner surface of the branch elbow, low-strength studs 13 securing the formers are cut 10 annular grooves of the outlet, and thereby unhindered extraction of the collection pipe from the inner cavity of the branch elbow is achieved. The dismantling of the first half of the mandrel ends after the removal of the formers 10 from the annular grooves of the inner cavity of the elbow by alternately removing their sectors and then removing the strapping 14 and the layer of release tape from the cavity of the knee. Then, in a similar manner, the second half of the mandrel is dismantled from the second elbow of the elbow, thereby achieving the possibility of forming double-elbow elbows by winding on the inner surface of which annular grooves are made.

 The inventive mandrel can be used for the manufacture of products from polymer composite materials, predominantly whole-wound two-elbow bends with an angle between the axis of the knees from 150 to 179 degrees, which can be used in pipelines with a nominal bore from 50 to 400 mm for transporting various media under pressure more than 4.0 MPa

Claims (4)

1. A mandrel for the manufacture of articles made of composite materials, mainly bend elbows, containing a tubular bearing element, two trunnions protruding beyond the ends of the bearing element and ring grooves mounted on its forming surface in the form of profile rings cut into sectors, which have a triangle shape in cross section with a rounded apex and mounted on a supporting element by means of pins made of low-strength material installed in the radial holes of each of the sectors and coaxial with them the vertices of the supporting element and the annular strapping of wire or bundle placed in the outer groove of the profile rings, characterized in that the supporting element is made in the form of two oblique-cut ends of pipes connected to each other with conical forming surfaces, in which large diameters are located at the external straight-cut ends, and the axes lie in the same plane and form an angle α of less than 180 ^o and two interchangeable trunnions connected to the nozzles, in which the axes lie in the same plane and are located at an angle β in ( 180-α) / 2 ^o to the axes of the nozzles or coaxially with them and which are made in the form of a rod with a flange and at least one stiffener connecting the rod with the flange at the right angle and have the possibility of a fixed movement in the plane of the nozzles relative to their straight cuts the ends along the grooves of removable end-like flanges coaxially mounted on the straight-cut ends of the pipes, the pins of the trunnions arranged at an angle to the axes of the pipes are made with center holes on the ends and cylindrical coaxial coaxial with them, and the rod coaxially disposed trunnions formed with an annular groove for detachable locking device.  2. The mandrel according to claim 1, characterized in that each nozzle is made integral of the nozzle with straight-cut ends and connected to it along the landing surface of the nozzle with a bevelled end.  3. The mandrel according to claim 1, characterized in that the stiffening ribs of the pins lie in the plane of the nozzles and have a mass that provides an allowable imbalance of the mandrel. 4. The mandrel according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle α in magnitude is performed at least 150 ^o .

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