RU2201789C2 - Filter with granular charge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: liquid cleaning by filtering, possibly processes for cleaning water, sewage and different solutions in chemical technology production, hydrometallurgy, ore concentration and other industry branches. SUBSTANCE: filter includes housing with draining base, layer of granular charge, supply and discharge branch pipes, set of inclined plates partially immersed into upper layers of charge and rigidly secured to frame mounted with possibility of vertical reciprocation motion in vertical plane or in plane inclined relative to horizon. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of filtering charge, effective regeneration of filtering charge. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of purification of various liquids from pollution by filtration and can find application in the technology of purification of water, wastewater and various solutions in the processes of chemical technology, enrichment, hydrometallurgy and other industries.

 It is widely known that the filter consists of a housing with a drainage system integrated in the lower part and a layer of granular loading laid on it, equipped with inlet and outlet pipelines of the purified, purified and flushing water.

 The main disadvantage of the known filter is the low dirt capacity of the loading layer and, accordingly, low productivity. This is due to the fact that the main part of the pollution is retained by the first loading layer, the upper loading layer, with a thickness of not more than 200-400 mm (Klyachko V.A., Apeltsin I.E. Purification of natural waters. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1971, p. . 220-222).

 A number of filter designs are known in which this drawback is eliminated to one degree or another. For example, a filter is proposed that is additionally equipped with a rowing device for loosening the upper contaminated layers of granular loading, mounted on a vertical shaft (Auth. Certificate. USSR 718124, MKI B 01 D 23/20, 1980).

 The disadvantages of this filter include the complexity of the design and the repeated destruction of flakes of sediment trapped in the upper layers of the load, which leads to early termination of the filter cycle due to early removal of them with purified water.

 A filter is also known, which is taken as a prototype, including a housing with a drainage base with a layer of granular loading laid on it, equipped with inlet and outlet pipes of a cleaned, cleaned, clean and dirty washing liquid and containing an additional system of plates or trays inclined to the horizon, the lower part of which is immersed in the upper layers of granular loading and motionlessly fixed in a spatial frame. (Pat. RF 2096066, MKI B 01 D 24/46, 1997). After stopping the washing of the load, using inclined trays, a system of hills is formed on its surface, in which the smallest fractions of the loading grains are concentrated. Due to the more developed filtering surface, the penetration of contaminants to a greater depth between the hills and along the walls of the trays, the dirt capacity of the upper layers increases significantly and the dirt capacity of the middle layers of the load increases slightly.

 However, the disadvantage of such a filter is the insufficient full utilization of the dirt capacity of the middle layers of the load and some difficulties associated with washing the load due to its increased dirt capacity.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the dirt capacity of the granular load and, as a consequence, respectively, the performance of the filter and improving the washing of the load.

 The problem is solved in that in a filter with a granular load, comprising a housing with a drainage base, a layer of granular load laid on it, equipped with inlet and outlet pipelines of a cleaned, cleaned, clean and dirty washing liquid and a set of inclined plates or trays partially immersed in the upper layers of granular loading and rigidly fixed in the spatial frame, characterized in that the frame is connected to a mechanism for its reciprocating movement in vertical or vertical onnoy to the horizontal plane.

 In FIG. 1 shows a section through a filter with a frame moving in a vertical plane; FIG. 2 shows a filter with a frame moving in a plane inclined to the horizontal.

 The filter contains a system of inclined trays 1, partially immersed in the top loading layer and rigidly fixed in the spatial frame 2. Moreover, this frame is connected to a lifting-lowering mechanism 3 (for example, a column with a sliding spindle) or to a reciprocating movement 4 (such as hydraulic jack) in a plane inclined to the horizon (Fig. 2). In the latter case, the frame moves along the inclined guide elements 5 by means of rollers 6.

 The proposed filter works similarly to the prototype until the upper loading layer is contaminated, after which, with the help of the lifting-lowering mechanism 3 (Fig. 1), the frame 2 with trays 1 is raised up to 30-50 mm or using the mechanism 4 (Fig. 2) it is moved at an angle to the horizon. As a result, a system of slots is formed under the inclined trays in the upper zagolomatirovanny layer of granular loading. At the same time, most of the purified water through the slots in transit begins to flow into the middle, slightly contaminated loading layers due to their lower resistance and is filtered through them. Due to this, the dirt capacity of the middle layers of the load increases. Simultaneously with the movement of the frame 2, to prevent the passage of suspended solids into the filtrate due to the increased flow rates of the purified water through the slots into the middle layers of the load, a shutter on the purified water discharge pipe is covered.

 It should be noted that even after the formation of slots, a small part of the source water will still be filtered through the upper contaminated loading layer, in which a certain amount of contamination will also be retained. In addition, the impurities retained earlier in the upper layer due to a decrease in the filtration rate in it will not be destroyed and transferred to the underlying layers. Which also relates to the advantages of the proposed filter.

 After reaching the maximum head loss or slurry suspension in the filtrate, the proposed filter is turned off for washing similarly to the known one. Moreover, water-air washing or only water washing is possible. In this case, air, and then water or only water is supplied from the bottom up, loosening and weighing the load.

 It should be noted that the frame with trays raised above the load does not interfere with the weighing of the loading grains at the beginning of washing, which takes place in the prototype of the invention. It also contributes to a better washing rinse, and is one of the advantages of the proposed filter.

 In addition, for better washing the loading grains from contaminants in the proposed filter during washing, the frame 2 (FIGS. 1 and 2), together with the inclined trays 1, performs a reverse reciprocating movement using the mechanism 3 or 4. This contributes to a better washing of the load from contaminants due to the multiple collisions of suspended grains with trays moving towards or at an angle, as well as increased upward flow of water or air-water mixture compared to the prototype. Before the end of the washing, the frame 2 returns to its original position and the loading grains settling and sliding along the trays again form a system of hills on its surface.

 After washing, the source water or other liquid is again fed to the filter, and it is again turned on.

 There is no doubt the higher dirt capacity and performance of the proposed filter compared to the prototype. As shown by experiments conducted with different granular loads at different filtration rates and parameters of the water to be treated, a filter with cone-shaped inserts has 1.7-1.9 times higher dirt capacity compared to the well-known (Zhagin V.A., Girikov O.G. ., Nikolaev E.Yu. Increase in productivity of fast granular filters // Water supply and sanitary equipment, 3, 1999, pp. 24-25). The filter with cone-shaped inserts also partially implements the principle of the proposed filter, i.e. the supply of the main part of the purified water after contamination of the upper layers of the load in the middle slightly contaminated layers due to the rise of cone-shaped inserts. However, when lifting or moving at an angle to the horizon of the trays 1 in the proposed filter, the total area of the slots is many times larger than the area of the funnels in the filter with cone-shaped inserts. Therefore, the speed of entry of the purified water into the middle layers of the load in the proposed filter will be less, which reduces the likelihood of a breakthrough of suspended solids in the filtrate. Therefore, by analogy with a filter with cone-shaped inserts, the load capacity of the proposed filter in comparison with the prototype also increases by at least 1.5-1.7 times.

 The filter with inclined trays, adopted for the prototype, has a dirt capacity of about 1.4-1.45 times higher than the well-known. The proposed filter implements both of these methods to increase the dirt capacity of an existing filter (creating a system of hills and slots), which means that its dirt capacity increases even more and will be no less than 2-2.2 times higher than the well-known quick filter.

 In addition, as already noted, in the proposed filter it will be better to wash the granular load in comparison with the prototype, which also relates to the advantages of the proposed filter.

Claims (1)

 A filter with a granular load, including a housing with a drainage base, a layer of granular load laid on it, equipped with inlet and outlet pipelines of cleaned, cleaned, clean and dirty washing liquid and a set of inclined plates or trays partially immersed in the upper layers of the granular load and fixedly fixed in spatial frame, characterized in that the spatial frame is connected to a mechanism for its reciprocating movement in a vertical or inclined plane to the horizon bones.

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