RU2299550C1 - Tractor-hitched harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, tractor-hitched harvesting machines for combing of cereal crops and transportation of yield into vehicle.

SUBSTANCE: tractor-hitched harvesting machine has drive part, frame, combing device with combing drums, and transportation screw. Fan suction throat is connected to discharge window of transportation screw. Fan is made in the form of ejector with drive and rotational speed variator. Ejector has heap flow guide positioned adjacent to discharge window of transportation screw to define in conjunction with suction throat edge receiving chamber formed as concentric circle. Cereal crop spikes are combed by drums and directed by transportation screw to fan formed as ejector. Heap with free grain and non-grain part is delivered onto fan and directed by kinetic energy of its blades and air pressure through pneumatic conveyor into vehicle. Employment of kinetic energy of fan blades allows heap to be additionally threshed.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and enhanced reliability in operation.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to trailed harvesting machines used for combing crops on the vine.

A known machine for harvesting seeds by combing plants on the root / 1 /, containing a combing drum with combs, conveying pipe, grating device for separating seeds from combed heaps and a receiving device.

The disadvantage of this machine is the high energy intensity and yield losses associated with the narrowing of the flow of heaped heaps in the casing and the inhibition of the air flow during grinding of ears in the grate device, as well as low productivity due to the inability to increase the width of the grip of the stripping drum.

Known trailed harvesting machine / 2-3 /, containing a running gear, a frame with a stripping device mounted on it, drums, a scraper conveyor, a fan and a pneumatic conveyor attached to the discharge window of the scraper conveyor.

The disadvantages of this machine are the high energy consumption of the pneumatic conveying process / 4 /, expended to speed up the material, ensuring its stable movement in the vehicle body and high air flow rate to maintain the necessary material transportation performance, as well as the presence of a heap loaded from the vehicle from 37% to 65.3% of free grain / 5 / and accordingly 34.7% - 63% of under-thinned ears that require threshing on a special stationary machine.

To eliminate the noted drawbacks, the fan of the pneumatic conveyor, made in the form of a heap thrower with a drive equipped with a speed variator, is connected by a suction neck to the unloading window of the heap conveyor, made in the form of a conveyor screw of the harvesting machine, and the axis of the thrower from the side of the unloading window of the heap conveyor is equipped with a heap flow guide, forming a receiving chamber in the form of a concentric circle with the edge of the suction neck. The range of variation of the thrower rotation speed n _min -n _max is determined by the formula: n = 30V / πR, where R is the average radius of the concentric circle, a V _min = 28 m / s, V _max = 3 m / s is the linear speed of rotation of the blades on radius R.

The aim of the invention is to increase the productivity of the sweeper due to the additional functions of threshing the heap and reduce energy intensity by using the kinetic energy of the fan blades, which works as a thrower / 6 /.

Figure 1 shows the layout diagram of a trailed sweeper;

figure 2 shows a section aa of figure 1;

figure 3 shows the aggregation diagram of a harvesting machine;

figure 4 shows the aggregation diagram of a sweeper with a central location of the thrower and pneumatic conveyor (option);

figure 5 shows a prototype harvester in the work on the harvest of wheat;

6 shows the left side of the machine with a thrower and a pneumatic conveyor.

The trailed sweeper (FIGS. 1, 2) comprises a running gear 1, a frame 13, a stripping device 2 with mounted stripping drums 5 and a conveyor belt 6 (FIG. 2). A suction neck is made in the body of the stripping device, to which the thrower 3 is connected. The fan 7 assembled with the thrower is mounted on the same axis as the heap conveyor and is equipped with a flow guide 9 located on the same axis. A speed variator pulley is installed on the fan hub 8. The thrower 3 is equipped with a pneumatic conveyor 4. The trailed harvesting machine 10 (Fig. 3,4) can have a different layout (Fig. 4, option) and is aggregated with a tractor 12 of a traction class 1,4 and a vehicle eleven.

Trailed sweeper operates as follows.

When the machine moves across the field, the scrubber 2 with the help of the drums 5 brushes the ears of grain and throws them into the area of the heap conveyor 6. The heap conveyor directs the heap, consisting of individual grains, whole ears and non-grain part, through the discharge window onto the fan blades 7. Design the fan and its drive in the form of a variator 8 allow the fan to rotate at a speed different from the speed of the screw.

The suction neck and flow guide 9 form a concentric circle, at the radius of which, when heap is fed into the fan zone, the ears and the fan blades collide. The rotational speed n of the fan varies with a speed variator 8 depending on the type of grain crop and its physical properties.

Heap with free grain and non-grain part due to the kinetic energy of the fan blades and partly due to air pressure is sent by a pneumatic conveyor to the vehicle 11.

The application of the proposed technical solution reduces energy costs for threshing and transporting grain heaps to a vehicle and does not have a negative impact on the environment.

Information sources

1. C1 2048051 RU 6 A01D 41/08. A machine for harvesting seeds by combing plants on the vine. / Yu.D. Akhlamov; B.P. Mykhaylichenko; S.A. Otroshko; A.V. Shevtsov. / All-Russian Research Institute of Feed named after V.R. Williams. No. 93009388/15. Claim 02/18/93.

2. Lezhenkin A.N. Modeling of field harvesting of the grain part of the crop with a machine for farmers and peasants / A.N. Lezhenkin // Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, 2005. - №5. - S.15-18.

3. Lezhenkin A.N. The machine with a stripping device / A.N. Lezhenkin // rural machine operator, 2004. - No. 12. - p. 9.

4. Spivakovsky A.O., Dyachkov V.K. Transporting machines, M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1968. - S. 422.

5. Zhalnin E.V., Anisimov V.A., Savchenkov A.I., Mnatsakanov A.S. Comparative evaluation of combing adapters of various designs / E.V. Zhalnin, V.A. Anisimov, A.I. Savchenkov, A.S. Mnatsakanov // Scientific and Technical Bulletin of VIM. 1992. - No. 83. - S.21-24.

6. Kukibny A.A. Throwing machines, M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1964. - S.21-26, 127.

Claims (2)

1. A trailed sweeper containing a running gear, a frame, a stripping device in the form of drums, a heap conveyor, a pneumatic conveyor and a fan, characterized in that the heap conveyor is made in the form of a conveyor screw, and a pneumatic conveyor fan in the form of a heap thrower with a drive equipped with a speed variator while the fan is connected by a suction neck to the discharge window of the conveying screw, and the axis of the thrower on the side of the discharge window of the conveying screw has a heap flow guide, image a receiving chamber in the form of a concentric circle with the edge of the suction neck. 2. Trailed sweeper according to claim 1, characterized in that the thrower is configured to vary its speed in the range n _min -n _max , determined by the formula n = 30V / πR, where R is the average radius of the concentric circle, a Vmin = 28 m / s, Vmax = 33 m / s is the linear speed of rotation of the blades on a radius R.

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