RU2298690C1 - Heat compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: gas compression and pumping in different branches of technology.

SUBSTANCE: heat compressor includes displacing unit having built-in generator and radially inclined openings for communication of regenerator respectively with cold and hot cavities of cylinder. Displacing unit is driven by means of electric drive with rotor arranged in outer side of displacing unit and with stator arranged on cylinder. On outer near-end portions of displacing unit threaded zones are formed and on inner surface of near-end portions of cylinder threaded zones are formed, said zones form annular gaps. Cylinder includes heat exchanger of heat transfer agent with heat insulation, heat exchanger of cooling agent, gas main line with inlet and outlet valves, ribbed heat exchanger. Pneumatic springs of dynamic "spring-loading" of displacing unit are in the form of plunger cylinders mounted in its end caps and having reciprocal plunger pistons rigidly mounted inside cold and hot cavities on covers of cylinder of heat compressor. Working fluid of pneumatic springs is gas pumped by means of heat compressor.

EFFECT: simplified design, improved operational reliability of heat compressor.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to compressor engineering, namely to heat-using compressors, and can be used in various fields of technology for compression (compression) and injection of gases.

A thermal compressor is known, comprising a displacer installed in the cylinder cavity with axial movement and channels and a regenerator separating the cylinder cavity into cold and hot cavities, a heat insulated heat exchanger and a refrigerant heat exchanger located at the cylinder ends, inlet and outlet valves located on the external line, connected through the heat exchanger of the refrigerant to the cold cavity of the cylinder at its end, an electric drive biased towards the cold cavity, the stator cat It is located on the outer side of the cylinder, and the rotor is located on the displacer body, a finned heat exchanger located on the outer side of the cylinder between the stator and the heat exchanger, the displacer with flat end caps, the inner side sections of which and the front side external sections of the displacer contain threads (fins) with the formation gaps, and the displacer is dynamically spring-loaded with a double-acting piston of an external pneumatic cylinder, rigidly fixed to the end of the cold cylinder cavity th compressor, wherein the propellant is a double-acting pneumatic piston rigidly connected to a cylindrical stem and sealing (RU 2230223 C1, 10.06.2004).

A disadvantage of the known analogue is the complexity of the external design of the dynamic springing of the displacer of the thermal compressor. The presence of an external pneumatic cylinder suggests its rigid alignment relative to the internal displacer, which reduces the reliability of the thermal compressor. Also, the presence of an additional seal of the cylindrical rod connecting the displacer and the double-acting piston, in addition to increasing the complexity of the design and reducing its reliability, increases the friction resistance, which generally reduces the efficiency of the thermal compressor. In the practical use of the well-known analogue, the external additional design of the cylinder with a double-acting piston can cause design difficulties in designing and interfacing in one unit - the unit. The presence of piston rings on a double-acting piston implies their regular diagnostics and replacement, which reduces the period of unattended operation of such a thermal compressor.

A thermal compressor is known, comprising a displacer installed in the cylinder cavity with axial movement and channels and a regenerator separating the cylinder cavity into cold and hot cavities, a heat insulated heat exchanger and a refrigerant heat exchanger located at the cylinder ends, inlet and outlet valves located on the external line, connected through the heat exchanger of the refrigerant to the cold cavity of the cylinder at its end, an electric drive biased towards the cold cavity, the stator cat It is located on the outside of the cylinder, and the rotor is located on the displacer body, a finned heat exchanger is located on the outside of the cylinder between the stator and the heat carrier, the displacer is closed by end profile plugs, in which ring springs are installed in the annular end axial recesses, by which the displacer is spring-loaded from the end internal the walls of the cylinder, the internal front-end sections of which and the front-end external sections of the displacer contain threads (fins) with the formation gaps (the thread in the gaps is made to increase the heat transfer coefficient) (RU 2183767 C1, 06/20/2002).

A disadvantage of the known thermal compressor is the use of mechanical springs in it, which have low reliability and a relatively low service life, in which such springs constantly generate heat (heat up during operation), which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the thermal compressor as a whole.

The indicated drawback of the thermal compressor sets the task of simplifying its design.

This task is achieved by the fact that in a thermal compressor containing a spring-loaded displacer with channels and a regenerator separating the cylinder cavity into cold and hot cavities, a heat-insulated heat carrier and a coolant heat exchanger located at the ends of the cylinder, an inlet and outlet mounted in the cylinder cavity with the possibility of axial movement valves located on the external line connected to the cold cavity of the cylinder at its end, an actuator biased towards the cold cavity, st whose rotor is located on the outer side of the cylinder, and the rotor is on the displacer body, a finned heat exchanger located on the outer side of the cylinder between the stator and the heat transfer medium, the inner side sections of the cylinder and the side outer sections of the displacer contain threaded sections (fins) with gaps, the displacer is closed flat end caps with axial end recesses in which pneumatic springs are installed in the form of plunger pistons with reciprocal plunger cylinders, to torye installed inside the hot and cold cylinder cavities on covers thermocompressor, plunger cylinders are arranged in the axial end caps of the displacer, and responses to them plunger pistons are mounted inside the cold and hot cylinder cavities on covers thermocompressor.

The drawing schematically shows the design of a thermal compressor. The heat compressor includes a cylinder 1, a displacer 2 with a regenerator 3 and radially inclined holes 4 and 5, respectively directed to the sides of the cold cavity 6 and the hot cavity 7 for the working fluid, which is the pumped gas. The displacer 2 on its outer side has an electric drive rotor 8 installed in it, the stator 9 of which is located on the outer surface of the cylinder 1. The cylinder 1 is equipped with a coolant heat exchanger 10 on the side of the cold cavity 6 and a heat exchanger 11 on the side of the hot cavity 7, which is insulated from the surrounding the medium with a heat insulation layer 12. Through the heat exchanger of the refrigerant 10, the gas line 13 with the inlet 14 and outlet 15 valves for the pumped gas is installed inside the cylinder 1. On the external front-end sections of the displacer 2 there are threaded (finned) sections 16, and on the inner surface of the front-end sections of the cylinder 1 there are threaded sections 17 with the formation of annular gaps 18. The cylinder 1 between the heat exchanger 11 and the stator 9 contains a finned heat exchanger 19 on its outer side. 2 from the side of the cold 6 and hot 7 cavities of the cylinder 1 has end caps 20 and 21, respectively, in which, along the axis of the displacer 2, plunger cylinders 22 and 23 are installed, open to the end walls of the thermal compressor . Response to the plunger cylinders 22 and 23, the plunger pistons 24 and 25 are rigidly mounted respectively inside the cold 6 and hot 7 cavities on the caps of the cylinder 1 of the thermal compressor. The working fluid of the pneumatic springs is the gas pumped by the heat compressor.

The proposed thermal compressor works as follows: in the steady state, the displacer 2 moves reciprocally along the cylinder 1 under the action of the forces of the plunger pistons 24 and 25 included in the reciprocal plunger cylinders 22 and 23. That is, the displacer 2 performs a self-oscillating movement supported by an electric drive consisting of the stator 9 and the rotor 8. In this case, the power of the linear electric motor is spent only on maintaining the self-oscillating reciprocating motion of the displacer, that is, to overcome the forces friction and hydraulic resistance. When the displacer 2 moves towards the hot cavity 7, the hot gas passes through the gap 18 (hot cavity) of the hole 5, the regenerator 3, giving it the missing heat of under-recovery, cools and passes through the holes 4 and the gap 18 (cold cavity), additionally being cooled, it gets into cavity 6. As the gas cools, the pressure in the entire volume of the housing 1 drops and becomes smaller than at the inlet to the compressor, as a result of which the inlet valve 14 opens, and the next portion of gas for compression enters the compressor. When the displacer 2 moves towards the cold cavity 6, cold gas passes through the gap 18 (cold cavity) of the hole 4, the regenerator 3 is heated in it and, passing through the holes 5 and the gap 18 (hot cavity), additionally being heated, enters the hot cavity 7 As the gas heats up, the pressure in the entire volume of cylinder 1 rises and becomes larger than at the inlet to the compressor, as a result of which the exhaust valve 15 opens, and the next portion of compressed gas comes from the heat compressor to the consumer. After the start of the movement of the displacer 2 towards the cold cavity 6, the entire cycle is repeated. The finned heat exchanger 21 prevents the stator 9 from being overheated by the heat of the coolant supplied by the heat conduction from the heat exchanger along the wall of the housing 1 and from the hot gas passing through the gap 18.

Plunger cylinders (specially manufactured using high technology) of the “pneumatic springs” of the displacer in its end caps are additionally covered by the material of the displacer (its end caps), which significantly increases the strength of their installation, and reduces the thickness and material consumption of the plunger cylinders.

Claims (1)

A heat compressor comprising a spring-loaded displacer installed in the cylinder cavity with axial movement and canals and a regenerator separating the cylinder cavity into cold and hot cavities, a heat insulated heat exchanger and a refrigerant heat exchanger located at the cylinder ends, an inlet and outlet valve located on the external line, connected to the cold cavity of the cylinder at its end, an electric drive biased towards the cold cavity, the stator of which is located on the external the cylinder side, and the rotor is on the displacer body, a finned heat exchanger located on the outer side of the cylinder between the stator and the heat carrier, the inner side sections of the cylinder and the side outer sections of the displacer contain threaded sections (fins) with gaps, the displacer is closed by flat end caps with end axial grooves in which pneumatic springs are installed in the form of plunger pistons with reciprocal plunger cylinders that are installed inside cold and hot cavities on the lids of the cylinder thermal compressor, characterized in that the plunger cylinders are arranged in the axial end caps of the displacer, and responses to them plunger pistons are mounted inside the cold and hot cylinder cavities on covers thermocompressor.