RU2298065C1 - Method and device for oil product gathering from water surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environment protection, particularly to clean river surface of oil products.

SUBSTANCE: method involves installing harbor booms in river; connecting harbor booms with joining means; assembling pipeline and gathering oil products in receiving vessel. Pipeline is flexible and formed of oil-resistant material. The pipeline is installed downstream of harbor boom line with the use of floats and connection bushes so that upper pipeline part is not fully submersed in water. Receiving vessel is formed as closed harbor boom contour by tight connection of opposite harbor boom ends with each other with the use of connection means. Spacing members are installed inside the closed harbor boom contour to prevent opposite harbor boom contour sides from coming together. One end of pipeline is connected to joining means, another pipeline end is lifted over above-water harbor boom side and held at height not exceeding longitudinal river profile height difference in pipeline location area. Method is realized with the use of specially adapted device, which uses pipeline having length selected to provide enough height difference in longitudinal river section, which enables gravity unloading of gathered oil products from the pipeline into receiving vessel.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of water surface cleaning of oil products and improved operational performance.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and can be used to clean the river surface of water from oil products.

A device for collecting petroleum products and floating debris from the surface of a pond and containing a receiving container with a window on the side surface having positive buoyancy, a docking device with a vertical slot connected to the receiving container, a boom made in the form of a tape, one end of which is fixedly fixed, and the other is pulled through a vertical slot, and a pull-up device, allowing to thicken the oil layer inside the localized zone [1].

However, on the rivers, an oil slick at any given time relative to the shore changes its location and moves away from the spill site downstream. When using the above method, initially it is necessary to block the river bed by installing booms to prevent further movement of oil products downstream. After the accumulation of oil products at an obstacle, oil products begin to spread along the boom, polluting the riverbank. With the long-term presence of accumulating oil products near the formed barrier, the risk of their leaving under the lower part of the boom booms increases. To prevent this negative phenomenon, the boom boom should have sufficient water sediment, but a significant hydrodynamic pressure will be created on the boom boom, which will require a significant increase in their mechanical strength. Oil spills on the rivers, as a rule, occupy a significant area and have an elongated shape in the direction of the river flow, therefore, for the initial localization of the entire oil spill, a large number of booms are required. Not on all rivers (high flow velocity, shallow depth) auxiliary vessels can be used to draw booms in order to reduce the perimeter of the localized zone, which is necessary to increase the thickness of the layer of oil products.

A device for collecting oil products from the water surface, adopted as a prototype and containing a vessel, a receiving device in the form of a container with an open front wall with a mesh tank placed inside it and booms, the main of which is fixed to the bow of the vessel, and the additional one is attached to the container and the main to the fence. Each obstacle is made in the form of interconnected pneumatic conduits and pipelines with nozzles and is equipped with a pull-up device made in the form of a floating hydroreactive projectile communicating with the cavity of the main obstacle [2].

However, with this method of collecting petroleum products and the specified design after filling the receiving tank with a water-oil mixture containing a small percentage of petroleum products, the process of assembling petroleum products is terminated. To ensure its continuous operation from the receiving tank, it is necessary to constantly pump out this oil-water mixture, which makes the application of this method and design ineffective. The design of the entire device is very complex, requires a large number of auxiliary equipment.

When creating the invention, the problem was solved of increasing the efficiency of cleaning the water surface on rivers from oil products, simplifying the design, and the variety of known methods for eliminating emergency spills in river water bodies.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the known solution containing the vessel, the receiving device in the form of a container with an open front wall with a mesh tank placed inside it, booms made in the form of interconnected pneumatic pipes and pipelines with nozzles, and the main barrier is fixed on the bow of the vessel, and an additional one is attached to the container and the main obstacle, the installation additionally contains booms to restrain and form the direction of movement of the oil product s; a docking device for attaching booms and one end of the pipeline, having a damper for controlling the flow rate of oil products and water through the pipeline; a flexible pipeline of oil-resistant material, mounted behind a line of deployed booms along the river using floats and couplings; a receiving tank for petroleum products, which is created downstream from the deployment site of booms from a closed contour of barriers by tightly connecting the opposite ends of the barrage to each other using a connecting device, inside of which struts are installed to prevent compression of the opposite sides of the closed loop.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a top view of a deployed installation and the initial shape of the oil slick on the surface of the river, Fig.2 is a section along the line aa.

The installation contains booms 1 for the primary containment of oil products 2 and ensure their directed movement to the docking device 4, which has devices (not shown) for tightly connecting side barriers 1 and one end of the pipeline, a through hole 3 for passage of oil products and water beyond the line of booms 1, a shutter 7 for regulating the passage of oil and water through the pipeline 5, a protective grate from debris (not shown); a flexible pipeline of oil-resistant material 5 (hereinafter referred to as the pipeline), which is mounted behind the deployed boom line 1 along the river using floats 6 and couplings (not shown), while not allowing the upper part of the pipeline 5 to completely sink below the water level on the river, in this case, the pipeline is run with a length that ensures that the opposite ends of the pipeline are located at points having a sufficient height difference in the longitudinal section of the river for gravity to drain oil products from the pipeline, one to ec conduit is connected to a docking device 4 and the other end of the conduit is located above the level of the river at a given place and freeboard above the collecting vessel 8; receiving tank 8, consisting of closed loop barriers, formed by tightly connecting the opposite ends of the barriers to each other using a device for connecting 11, and struts 12 installed inside the closed loop to prevent compression of the opposite sides of the closed loop, an additional device for fixing the receiving tank in a certain place (not shown), devices 13 for holding the ends of the booms 1 at a certain point on the surface of the river or on the shore 9, devices to ensure positive buoyancy docking device 4 (not shown).

The method of collecting oil products and the operation of the installation are as follows.

Downstream of the river from the place of pollution of the water surface with oil products, two sections of side barriers are installed across the river 1. One end of each section of the boom is connected to the docking device 4, and the other two are fixed at the required distance (depending on the width of the oil slick) from the docking device on the surface of the river or on the bank 9 using the device 13. Behind the line of deployed booms 1, a pipeline 5 is mounted along the river, using floats 6 and couplings ( e shown) of desired length which depends on the magnitude of the slope at the site of the river. Using additional floats 6, the optimal draft of the pipeline 5 on the river is established, at which its upper part is not allowed to sink below the water level on the river, because otherwise, the flow of oil products through it in the process of eliminating oil pollution may be difficult or completely stop. One end of the pipeline is connected to the docking device 4, and the other is located above the freeboard of the receiving tank 8, formed by tightly connecting the opposite ends of the boom to each other using the device for connection 11.

The receiving tank 8 is located downstream of the river and is fixed with an additional device (not shown) at a certain point on the river. To prevent compression of the opposite sides of the closed loop, forming the receiving tank 8, under the influence of the river flow, struts are installed inside it. When the oil slick approaches the booms 1, which block the river bed, only the path through the open through hole remains free for further movement of oil products 3 in the docking device 4, therefore, oil products do not linger near the booms, but move down the river, but already through pipeline 5, with large floating garbage AOr, commensurate with the size of the through hole 3, is delayed by a protective grill (not shown). A liquid flow is formed in the pipeline, consisting of river water and oil products, the speed of which can be controlled by partially covering the through hole 3 with a shutter 7.

The flow of water on the river is carried out along its channel, which has a certain bias, due to the presence of a difference in the heights of the geographical points of location of the source and mouth of the river. To a greater or lesser degree, a height difference exists in all sections of the river, in its longitudinal section, and therefore, a height difference relative to the horizon line 10 of Fig. 1 (hereinafter Δ H) is also present in the area from the deployment of booms 1 to the location of the receiving tank 8 , to a large extent, Δ Н also depends on the length of the pipeline 5: the longer its length, the greater the given value (Δ N).

The height of the surface of the receiving tank 8 is selected so as to prevent overflow of collected oil products through its surface part, and also, when lifting above it, the lower part of the pipeline does not exceed Δ N. If this condition is met, gravity drains water and oil products from the raised end of the pipeline 5 to the surface of the water inside the receiving tank 8. The density of petroleum products is less than the density of water, so they are located in the upper part of the receiving tank on the surface of the water, and the “surplus” of water is chickens into the river through the lower part of the barriers forming the receiving tank 8.

In the process of oil spill response, oil products are constantly drained by gravity from pipeline 5 through the top of the surface of the receiving tank 8, in which they are collected.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2200794, IPC ЕВВ 15/04.

2. RF patent No. 2044827, IPC ЕВВ 15/04 (prototype).

Claims (2)

1. A method of collecting oil products from a water surface, including installing booms on a river, attaching booms to a docking device, installing a pipeline and collecting oil products in a receiving tank, characterized in that the pipeline is flexible from oil-resistant material and is mounted behind a line of deployed booms along the flow of the river using floats and couplings, while not allowing the complete immersion of the upper part of the pipeline below the water level on the river, I create a receiving tank downstream of the river from a closed circuit of barriers by tightly connecting the opposite ends of the barriers to each other using a connecting device, spacers are installed inside the closed circuit to prevent compression of the opposite sides of the closed circuit, while one end of the pipeline is connected to the docking device and the other end of the pipeline lift above the freeboard side of the closed loop barriers to a height not exceeding the height difference of the longitudinal profile of the river in the section, where The pipeline has not been laid. 2. Installation for collecting petroleum products from the surface of the water, containing booms, a docking device for attaching booms, a pipeline and a receiving tank, characterized in that the pipeline is made of flexible oil-resistant material and is mounted along the river along the line of deployed booms using floats and couplings, with one end of the pipeline attached to the docking device, and the other end of the pipeline above the river level in this place and above the surface m side of the receiving tank, consisting of closed loop barriers formed by tightly connecting the opposite ends of the barriers to each other using a connecting device, and struts installed inside the closed loop, while the pipeline is made in length, ensuring that the opposite ends of this pipeline are at points, having a sufficient height difference in the longitudinal section of the river for gravity discharge of oil products from the pipeline.

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