RU2295415C1 - Metallic spherical envelope producing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plastic working of metals, namely manufacture of spherical articles.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises steps of making petals; securing petals to upper disc; bending petals and mutually joining them; securing lower disc to petals, finishing up shape of formed envelope to spherical one by hydraulic inflation; forming meridian ribs. Petals are formed by securing limiting members to inner side of even petals discretely along their lengthwise edges at mutual spacing between them consisting of 50 thickness values. Odd and even petals are alternatively assembled at forming lap joint of lengthwise edges of odd petals with limiting members of even petals. Petals are laid in radial direction relative to disc and cross edges of even petals are adjoined to disc cutouts whose number is equal to number of odd petals. Filler such as light concrete or polyurethane foam is fed into meridian ellipsoidal ribs at deforming lap joints between even and odd petals and supplying said filler to formed cavity.

EFFECT: lowered labor consumption, increased rigidity of meridian ribs.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, and in particular to the technology of manufacturing spherical products from thin-walled sheet blanks with compressed air pressure or material pressure, and is intended for the manufacture of shells for storing liquid, gaseous and bulk products, as well as the formation of mini-shells as container containers transportation of various substances.

A known method of manufacturing spherical shells, in which several blocks having double curvature, fully corresponding to the curvature of the manufactured shell, are rolled into a roll, inside which a supporting axis is located. Next, the roll is delivered to the installation site of the shell, where it is deployed, assembled and welded to individual blocks to form a shell [1]. However, this method is time-consuming and high quality of finished shells is not ensured, which is explained by the fact that all welds have to be welded in installation conditions at the installation site of the shell.

There is a method of manufacturing spherical shells, through which blanks are assembled and welded from individual petals, rolled up into rolls, transported to the installation site, deployed, shaped, and final welded [2]. In this way, it is impossible to produce spherical thin-walled containers of high quality, since the main welds have to be welded in installation conditions at the installation site of the shell. In addition, this method is inefficient.

A more productive method for the manufacture of spherical shells is indicated in [3], where each billet is assembled per one full sphere, folding the billet into a roll is carried out simultaneously with the assembly and welding of the petals, the roll is unwrapped and given the desired shape by applying to one of the ends efforts. The disadvantage of this solution is the low rigidity and stability of the shell of the spherical shell.

The closest in technical essence is the method of mounting a thin-walled spherical shell, including the operations of bending the petals, connecting them to each other and the disks and finishing the resulting shell to a spherical shape by hydraulic blowing. Moreover, the petals are interconnected by setting their edges in the grooves of the connecting elements, and the bending of the petals is carried out in two stages - first under the influence of its own weight, and then by applying bandages [4]. The disadvantages of this method is the complexity and complexity of manufacturing a spherical shell, and the connecting elements being meridional ribs have a low bearing capacity.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the complexity and increase productivity in the manufacture of a metal spherical shell with a simultaneous increase in the rigidity of the meridional ribs and a decrease in the specific consumption of metal.

This problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing a metal spherical shell, including the operations of manufacturing the petals, attaching the petals to the upper disk, bending the petals and connecting them together, attaching the lower disk to the petals, finishing the resulting shell to a spherical shape by hydraulic blowing, formation of meridional ribs, on even even petals from the inside discretely along longitudinal edges and at a distance equal to 50 thickness of the petals, limiters are attached, even and odd are collected the petals alternately adjacent the longitudinal edges of the odd petals to the limiters of the even petals with the formation of an overlap, lay the petals radially relative to the disks with the transverse edges of the even petals adjacent to the cuts cut in the disk, the number of which is equal to the number of odd petals, and the meridional ribs are ellipsoidal with a filler overlap between odd and even petals by feeding filler, for example lightweight concrete, into the cavity under pressure and polyurethane foam.

The authors know a method of manufacturing a thin-walled spherical shell, including the formation of billets of double curvature, connecting them together by means of pre-laid between the edges of the workpieces of the connecting elements and fastening to the connecting blanks of the cover and bottom. In this case, before joining the workpieces, their edges are flanged along a curved profile, a U-shaped element is installed on the outside of the edges, the edges of adjacent workpieces are inserted into a U-shaped element and a rod is inserted into the groove, and the blanks are joined by crimping a round rod with a U-shaped element with two sides [5]. The specified method of manufacturing a thin-walled spherical shell is laborious and inefficient. The formed ribbed spherical shells have an increased metal consumption due to the additional introduction of connecting rod elements as meridional stiffeners with simultaneous bending of the edges of the workpieces.

Figure 1 - an odd petal, section 1-1 and section 2-2;

Figure 2 is an even lobe, section 1-1 and section 2-2;

figure 3 - layout of the petals - 1 stage of manufacture of the shell;

figure 4 - node a in figure 3, section 1-1; 2-2;

Figure 5 is a General view of the finished shell, section 1-1 is the formed meridional rib.

In the figures indicated: 1 - longitudinal edges; 2 - limiters; 3 - overlap; 4 - disk; 5 - cutouts; 6 - transverse edges; 7 - placeholder, 8 - pin axis.

The proposed method of manufacturing a metal spherical shell, including the operations of manufacturing the petals, attaching the petals to the upper disk, bending the petals and connecting them together, attaching the lower disk to the petals, adjusting the resulting shell to a spherical shape by hydraulic blowing, formation of meridional ribs, is carried out as follows.

At the first stage, odd (figure 1) and even (figure 2) petals are made. On the even petal from the inner side discretely along the longitudinal edges 1 and at a distance equal to 50t from the edges 1, limiters 2 are attached (t is the thickness of the workpieces) (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). Then, even and odd petals are collected alternately with the longitudinal edges of 1 odd petals adjoining to the stops of 2 even petals with the formation of an overlap 3. Then the petals are laid radially relative to the disk 4, leading the ends of the even petals into the cutouts 5 cut in the disk 4. The disks 4 are fastened with the petals using pins (bolts, screws). The number of cutouts 5 corresponds to the number of odd petals (figure 3).

At the second stage, the assembled even and odd petals with the upper disk 4 are acted upon by a vertically directed force, slowly lifting them up, for example, by hooking with a crane or other lifting means onto a loop located on the disk 4. When lifting up, the petals are simultaneously bent under their own weight and go into each other for each other with adjoining longitudinal edges with an overlap (figure 4), while resting against the restrictive ribs of 2 even petals. As the disk 4 rises, radial forces are applied to the petals directed to the center of the shell, while they are evenly distributed around the circumference in horizontal planes. The indicated radial forces are created by the winch cables, which cover the petals, starting from the disk and gradually giving the upper half of the petals the shape of a hemisphere. The horizontal planes in which radial forces are applied must be assigned one from another with a step sufficient to maintain the required magnitude of the establishment of one petal after another. After the hemisphere is formed, the ends of the cables are fastened with screws, fixed on the petals and left in the form of bandages on the outer surface of the sheath.

In the third stage, the lower half of the petals are bent to obtain the desired overlap value. The process of obtaining the lower hemisphere is similar to the formation of the upper hemisphere. They also bandage the cables, which create radial forces directed inside the shell, located on horizontal planes. As the cables are pulled together, the lower ends of the petals approach one another and go behind each other. After the longitudinal edges abut against the limiting ribs 2 of the petals, all the petals are attached to the lower disk in the same way as the upper disk 4. Then, the blown shell is hydroformed.

At the fourth stage, the cables are removed and the overlap 3 between the even and odd petals is deformed by feeding filler 7, for example, lightweight concrete or polyurethane foam, into its cavity under pressure. As a result, meridional ribs of an ellipsoidal shape with a filler are formed (Fig. 5).

The proposed method allows to reduce the complexity and increase productivity in the manufacture of a metal spherical shell with a simultaneous increase in the rigidity of the meridional ribs and a decrease in the specific consumption of metal.

This method allows you to mount the shell both in the factory and at the installation site. Such shells can be used for long or short-term storage of liquids, bulk materials. Manufactured mini-shells can be used as mobile containers and containers.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR No. 113529, class E 04 H 7/04. 1953.

2. A.S. USSR No. 339372, cl. B 21 D 51/08. 1970.

3. A.S. USSR No. 755388, class B 21 D 51/08, E 04 H 7/14. 1980, BI No. 30.

4. A.S. USSR No. 1165518, cl. B 21 D 51/08. 1985, BI No. 25.

5. A.S. USSR No. 1276787, class E 04 H 7/04. 1986, BI No. 46.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing a metal spherical shell, including the operations of manufacturing the petals, attaching the petals to the upper disk, bending the petals and connecting them together, attaching the lower disk to the petals, adjusting the resulting shell to a spherical form by hydraulic blowing, formation of meridional ribs, characterized in that the even petals on the inside, discretely along the longitudinal edges and at a distance equal to 50 of their thicknesses, limiters are attached, even and odd petals are collected alternately with approx. By poking the longitudinal edges of the odd petals to the limiters of the even petals with the formation of an overlap, lay the petals radially relative to the disk with the transverse edges of the even petals adjoining the cuts cut in the disk, the number of which is equal to the number of odd petals, and the meridional edges form an ellipsoidal shape with a filler by overlapping deformation feeding under pressure a filler into the cavity between the even and odd petals, for example lightweight concrete or polyurethane foam.

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