RU2286040C2 - Unit for differentiated application of liquid mineral fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment for machines adapted for differentiated application of liquid mineral fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: unit has chassis, reservoirs, working tools, hydraulic and pneumatic distribution systems controlled by on-board computer. Unit is further equipped with group ejector. Hydraulic system is made in the form of individual systems for each of basic components. Each of said systems includes filter, dosing device, air injector, and section of group ejector consisting of nozzle and diffuser. Group ejector has single feeding chamber for basic components, said chamber being connected to return valve and communicated with collector. Pneumatic system comprises reducers, valves, and pressure gauges. Dosing devices, injectors and valves are connected with on-board computer.

EFFECT: increased efficiency by providing continuous differentiated application of liquid mineral fertilizers and effective mixing of components.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for the differential application of liquid mineral fertilizers (LMF) and other liquid chemicals.

A known unit for applying liquid fertilizers, which is equipped with several containers for components and where air is used to create pressure in the tanks and purge the distribution system (VFHaby, ... Development and Testing of a Versatile Fenid Fertilizer Applicator; Agronomy Journal; (USA); March - April 1988). However, this unit is not suitable for differential application. In addition, this unit does not have a mixing unit for the starting components.

Known methods of introducing LMF into the soil, where compressed gases are used as a transporting and spreading medium (A.S. No. 1702914, A.S. No. 808030). The disadvantage of these methods is that they are not suitable for the differential application of several of the initial components of the fodder, which should be dosed, mixed and applied to the soil in the shortest possible time. The optimal number of components - three - is nitrogen-containing, phosphorus-containing and potassium-containing (NPK). Accordingly, the unit must have at least three tanks and three hydraulic systems, which are reduced to a receiving manifold, from which the LMU of the required composition is distributed among the working bodies.

There is a patent for a machine for differential application of liquid fertilizers (A.S. No. 2146862). However, the capabilities of this machine are limited by a discrete batching system.

Providing continuous dosing, when a fluid flow of different flow rates alternately flows in each hydraulic system, and then these flows are combined into a common collector to mix the initial components, a more powerful flow will prevent a weaker exit from the system. At the same time, effective mixing of the components will not be achieved.

It is known to use ejector devices as mixers (For example: A.S. 8081112 from 02.28.81; A.S. 1361781 from 04.10.86) and jet pumps. There are known designs of steam-jet air ejectors (VG Ermilov. Heat exchangers and condensing units. L .: Shipbuilding; 1969), including twin ones, but they have a second set of nozzles and diffusers.

The aim of the present invention is the provision of continuous differentiated introduction of fats, presented in the form of several components, usually nitrogen-containing, phosphorus-containing and potassium-containing. The goal is achieved by changing the design of the field machine. Separate hydraulic systems are introduced into the machine design for each source component. Each system includes a continuous dispenser, an air injector, and a group ejector section. The section includes a nozzle and a diffuser. The receiving chamber of the group ejector is common. After the ejector, all systems are combined by a collector.

The proposed unit is shown in the diagrams, where:

figure 1 shows a General view with the location of the original nodes;

figure 2 shows a group ejector;

figure 3 shows the hydraulic and pneumatic systems of the unit.

The unit for the differential introduction of the ZhMU consists of a wheeled chassis 1, with tanks mounted on it 2. The rational number of tanks is three, which determines the composition of fertilizers according to NPK. A compressor 3 with a receiver 4 is installed on the chassis. The tanks are equipped with air valves 5 and safety valves 6. From the tanks, the initial components are sent through filters 7 through pipelines under pressure to the dispenser 8, then to the group ejector 9 and combined by the collector 10. The common pipe 11 is connected to the distribution system of the working body 12 mounted on the chassis. In this case, this is a rod with nozzles 13. Air injectors 14 are built into the hydraulic lines of the components.

The group ejector consists of a receiving chamber 15, nozzles 16, diffusers 17. The receiving chamber has a check air valve 18. The pneumatic system of the unit includes gearboxes 19, valves 20 and pressure gauges 21.

Dispensers 8, injectors 14, valves 20 are controlled by the on-board computer of the tractor, which, using a navigation system, is tied to an electronic map of the field to be processed, where areas with the required doses of fodder and their composition are determined. The determining factor, in this case, is the speed of movement of the unit.

The unit operates as follows. When the unit moves across the field, there is a continuous dosing of the initial components of the feedstock, followed by their mixing and distribution over the working width by working bodies. At the same time, air flows through the air injectors 14 into the hydraulic pipes with a low component flow rate. The two-phase air-liquid flow will be more consistently and accurately transported to the group ejector 9. The liquid and air-liquid jets mutually eject through each other and mix effectively in the collector 10. V In the case when large components of a large flow rate of liquid pass through all hydraulic lines, without the need for air to enter through injectors 14, air is sucked through the valves into the receiving chamber of the group ejector n 18. Thus, in the collector there is also a mixture of components with air. Then the ZhMU, of the required composition for NPK, is fed to the working bodies.

Claims (1)

A unit for the differential application of liquid mineral fertilizers, including the chassis, tanks, working bodies, hydraulic and pneumatic distribution systems controlled by the on-board computer, characterized in that the unit is equipped with a group ejector, and the hydraulic system is made in the form of separate systems for each source component, each which includes a filter, a dispenser, an air injector, a section of a group ejector, which consists of a nozzle and a diffuser, while the group ejector has a common receiving a measure for the initial components, coupled with the inverse of the air valve, and is connected to the collector, the pneumatic system includes reducers, valves and gauges, and feeders, injectors and valves are connected with the onboard computer.

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