RU2284679C1 - Apparatus for sowing and embedding seeds in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment for sowing and embedding seeds of various agricultural and forest crops into soil.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has seed hopper, discretely seeding coil units, chain transmission and seed hole-making tool for covering (pressing in) of seeds into soil. Seeding units are mounted on single drive shaft at different angles relative to one another with adjustable (settable) seed sowing time. Coils are equipped with dosing cells of variable (adjustable) volume, having cross section in the form of trapezium with unequal sides. Covering hole-making tool is equipped with multiple rows of hole-making members, which are set in rows according to sowing pattern and arrangement of seeding coils. Covering hole-making tool is kinematically connected through chain transmission with shaft having seeding coils fixed thereon. Torque is transmitted from covering hole-making tool to this shaft at transmission ratio providing synchronization of moment when seeds are sown onto soil and moment of pressing said seeds into soil by means of hole-making members, accompanied with creation of moisture accumulating holes designed from formula:

where m is number of dosing cells on seeding coil; n is number of hole-making members in row corresponding to arrangement of seeding coil; μ is sliding coefficient of hole-making tool; k is coefficient taking into account time of falling seeds from seeding coils to soil.

EFFECT: provision for discrete portion sowing of seeds, embedding thereof into soil and simultaneously making moisture-accumulating slots in sowing sites.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for discrete portioned sowing of seeds on the soil and seeding them into it with the formation in places of sowing of moisture-accumulating recesses (holes).

Known precision seeder, containing a frame with a drive wheel, a working disk with hole builders and a guide track in contact with the fingers of the hole builders to drive them, ensure sowing of seeds and pressing them into the soil (SU 1429965 A1, class A 01 C 5/00 12/23/1985).

The disadvantage of this design is the complexity of the sowing devices of the hole formers and the technological unreliability of their work in view of the possible sticking of the soil, the impossibility of sowing seeds in the line in discontinuous sections of the required length and the destruction of the holes, which reduces the amount of moisture accumulating in them.

Known sowing combination unit containing a tractor, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with sowing devices, seed tubes, coulters, shorters and a packer roller (SU 2226324 C1, class A 01 B 49/06 08/28/2002). Here the role of the coulters is performed by the front roller along the path, equipped with soil deformers in the form of blades, the role of the shorters is the next roller (similar in design), but of a smaller diameter. Between the rollers there are seed tubes supplying seeds to the hollows formed by the openers and sealed by shorting deformers. A uniform constant outflow of sown seeds is achieved by driving the shaft of the sowing apparatus from the front roller through a chain transmission.

The disadvantage of this design is the impossibility of accurate, metered sowing of seeds in the formed discrete troughs, which leads to unjustified seed consumption, as well as the complexity and cumbersome design of the unit, which has three rollers for performing one technological operation - seeding in the soil.

A device is known for intermittent sowing of seeds and the formation of moisture-accumulating depressions in the soil, including a cultivator, a profiling roller, and a sowing apparatus equipped with an additional damper for intermittent feeding of seeds to the soil, which is kinematically connected to a hole-forming working body that presses the seeds into the soil and simultaneously forms moisture-accumulating depressions (RU 2240667 Cl. A 01 B 49/06 03/18/2003). This device can be considered the closest analogue of the invention.

The disadvantage of this device is that it can be used to sow seeds of only one line according to one pattern, as well as the complexity and unreliability of the kinematic connection of the lever mechanism of the drive of the metering damper when sowing specified portions of seeds.

The objective of the invention is to provide discrete portioned seeding of seeds on the soil and seeding them into it with the formation in places of seeding of moisture-accumulating recesses for good germination and development of plants.

The technical result is the creation of sustainable plant communities of agricultural and forest crops.

The technical result in solving the problem of the invention is achieved by constructing a device in the form of a sowing device equipped with sowing devices with sowing coils installed on different drive angles at different angles relative to each other with individually adjustable (set) moments of sowing seeds that have variable (adjustable) seeds metering cells, in cross section made in the form of unequal trapezoid, and multi-row closing working body with hole-forming elements installed in rows according to the sowing pattern and according to the location of the sowing coils, kinematically connected by a chain transmission with a shaft on which the sowing coils are mounted, for transmitting torque from the working body to this shaft with a gear ratio that synchronizes the moment of sowing of seeds on the soil and the moment they are pressed into it by hole-forming elements with the creation of moisture-accumulating holes, calculated by the formula

where m is the number of metering cells on the metering coil;

n is the number of hole-forming elements in the corresponding arrangement of the seed coil next;

μ is the slip coefficient of the hole-forming working body;

κ - coefficient taking into account the time of seed fall from sowing coils to the ground.

Moreover, the metering coils are installed on the drive shaft with the possibility of individually controlling the angle of rotation relative to the axis of the shaft and fixing them in a certain position with the help of clamps, and the metering cells of the metering coils have side faces with angles of 40 ° and 85 ° to the smaller base of the unequal trapezoid located perpendicularly sowing coil radius.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant made it possible to establish that an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention was not found.

Therefore, the claimed invention according to the current legislation meets the requirement of "novelty", and the absence of signs of an analogue that matches the features of the claimed invention shows that the claimed invention does not explicitly follow from the prior art affecting the achievement of a technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step".

Figure 1 schematically shows a device for sowing and seeding seeds in the soil, side view; figure 2 is a node with sowing coils in section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a section of a dispenser assembly according to BB in FIG. 2; figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional element bb of the metering cell; in Fig.5 - closing the hole-forming working body in the context of BB in Fig.1. A device for sowing and seeding seeds in the soil contains a frame 1 on which a reel sowing apparatus 2 is mounted, which seals a hole-forming working body 3 and a chain gear 4 synchronizing the moment of sowing and seeding of seeds in the soil.

The metering device includes a seed hopper 5, seed tubes 6 and 7, metering units 8 and 9 with metering coils 10 and 11, mounted on one drive shaft 12, clamps 13. The metering coils have metering cells 14, adjustable in volume, in cross-section representing the shape unequal curvilinear trapezoid with side faces, respectively, located at angles of 40 ° and 85 ° to the smaller base of the unequal trapezoid, located perpendicular to the radius of the seed coil.

At an angle of inclination of 40 °, the front (in the direction of rotation of the coil) faces of the cells are located. This contributes to the smooth filling of the cells with seeds and faster sowing during sowing, and the location of the rear edges at an angle of 85 ° makes it possible to accurately sift out the required volume of seeds when filling the cells and complete discharge of seeds when the cells are released.

The closing hole-forming working body is made in the form of a roller 15 with several rows placed on it, in planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation, hole-forming elements 16.

The chain transmission 4 consists of an asterisk 17 mounted on the shaft of the hole-forming working body, an asterisk 18 mounted on the shaft of the sowing apparatus, an agitator sprocket 19 located in the hopper 5, a tension roller 20 and a chain 4.

The torque is transmitted to the shaft 12 with sowing coils 10 and 11 from the shaft of the hole-forming working body with a gear ratio that ensures synchronization of the moment of sowing seeds on the soil and the moment they are pressed into it by hole-forming elements with the creation of moisture-accumulating holes, calculated by the formula

A device for sowing and seeding seeds in the soil works as follows.

When the device moves, its hole-forming working body 3 rotates from coupling with the soil and, through a chain transmission 4, rotates the coils 10 and 11 of the sowing apparatus 2, which produce discrete portioned sowing of seeds on the soil, which are then pressed into it using the hole-forming elements of the closing working body .

For sowing seeds in the field according to various sowing schemes with high-quality seeding them in the soil, by turning the sowing coils 10 and 11 around the shaft 12 on which they are mounted and fixed, synchronization of the moments of sowing and pressing seeds into the soil is achieved with the formation of moisture-accumulating holes.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention:

- a device embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, is intended for use in agriculture and forestry for discrete sowing of seeds of various crops and sowing them in the soil with the simultaneous formation of moisture-collecting recesses at the seeding sites for good germination and development of plants in arid soil-climatic zones;

- for the claimed invention as described in the independent clause of the claims below, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described above or known prior to the priority date has been confirmed;

- a device embodying the claimed invention, when implemented, is capable of achieving the achievement of the technical result perceived by the applicant.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (3)

1. A device for sowing and seeding seeds in the soil, including a hopper for seeds, discreetly sowing reels, a chain drive and seeding (pushing) seeds into the soil with a hole-forming working body, characterized in that the sowing devices are mounted on the same drive shaft at different angles with respect to each other with individually adjustable (set) moments of sowing seeds and have variable (adjustable) dosing cells, in cross section, made in the form of unequal trapezoid, and closing The first hole-forming working body is made with many rows of hole-forming elements installed in rows according to the sowing pattern and corresponding to the location of the sowing coils, while the closing hole-forming working body is kinematically connected by a chain transmission to the shaft on which the sowing coils are mounted to transmit torque from the closing hole-forming working body to this shaft with a gear ratio, ensuring the synchronization of the moment of sowing seeds on the soil and the moment they are pressed into her hole-forming elements with the creation of moisture-accumulating holes, calculated by the formula

where m is the number of metering cells on the metering coil; n is the number of hole-forming elements in the corresponding arrangement of the seed coil next; μ is the slip coefficient of the hole-forming working body; κ - coefficient taking into account the time of seed fall from sowing coils to the ground. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metering coils are mounted on the drive shaft with the possibility of individually controlling the angle of rotation relative to the axis of the shaft and fixing them in a certain position with the help of clamps. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metering cells of the metering coils have side faces with angles of 40 and 85 ° to the smaller base of the unequal trapezoid located perpendicular to the radius of the metering coil.

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