RU2284123C2 - Method for preparing of feed for ruminant animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed production.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing mechanical mixing of concentrated basic ration with indispensable amino acids, which are preliminarily mixed with dehydrated natural zeolite and water in the ratio of 1:20:0.2. Method allows indispensable amino acids to be protected from effects of proteolytic enzymes of rumen microorganisms and facilitates transfer into lower regions of gastrointestinal tract of animals.

EFFECT: increase utilization of nutritive substances of feed.

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Description

The invention relates to the agricultural industry and can be used to increase the productivity of ruminants.

One of the priority areas in improving the quality of livestock products and increasing beef production today is to improve the quality of feed protein, the deficit of which for various types of farm animals is 20-25%.

There are many ways to balance diets for feed protein, one of them is the additional introduction of essential amino acids into the feed. This method is economically more justified in connection with the rise in price of feed for high protein supplements.

At the same time, amino acids introduced into the composition of rations of ruminants are subjected to deamination and transamination processes in the stomachs, as a result of which their efficiency is reduced. In this regard, the search for a way to reduce the destruction of essential amino acids under the influence of rumen microorganisms is relevant.

A number of methods are known for protecting amino acids from destruction in the rumen, and the most common method is the homogenization of amino acid supplements with fat (1, 2, 3).

But from the production point of view, this method has certain disadvantages: the difficulty in preparing homogenized solutions (amino acid - water - fat) and dosed feeding of the mixture to animals, the short duration of storage of the mixture (rancidity of fat), high energy consumption of production and the cost of the starting material (feed fat) increase the cost of production.

The essence of the proposed method for preparing food for ruminants is that it is based on the sorption and molecular-sieve properties of natural zeolites, due to which the essential amino acids are protected from the effects of cicatricial microflora (4, 5). Due to microporosity, the content of channels and voids in the crystal structure of zeolites, they are good adsorbents for many organic and inorganic substances, which allows them to be used to reduce the effect of enzyme systems of microorganisms on essential amino acids and promotes transfer to the lower sections of the gastrointestinal tract.

It is known that when co-fed with ruminant urea, ammonium sulfate and natural zeolite, the latter act as prolongators, linking up to 30% of ammonia and gradually giving it to the scar medium for microbial synthesis in exchange for sodium ions (6).

The proposed method consists in mixing additives of essential amino acids with previously dehydrated natural zeolite and water in a ratio of 1: 20: 0.2.

An example of a specific implementation.

In a comprehensive analytical laboratory, the concentration of the final products of the amination and transamination of amino acids (ammonia, volatile fatty acids) formed in the rumen of a ruminant animal was compared.

Three feeding diets were used in the experiment: main diet (RR) + native mixture of essential amino acids (methionine + lysine); OP + a mixture of essential amino acids protected by feed fat (prototype); OR + a mixture of essential amino acids protected by natural zeolite (proposed).

The main feeding ration (general economic) included hay birch hay, corn silage, crushed barley, molasses fodder, sunflower cake.

The preparation of a protected mixture of amino acids was carried out as follows:

- Partial dehydration of natural zeolite (drying);

- Weighing and mixing a portion of essential amino acids with natural zeolite and water in a ratio of 1: 20: 0.2;

- Mechanical mixing (feed mixer) of a protected mixture of essential amino acids with concentrated feed.

Laboratory data are presented in table. one.

Table 1 Indicators Rations OP + native. NAC OP + def. fat. NAC OP + def. prir. zeol. NAC VFA, mmol / 100 ml 12.86 ± 0.32 12.23 ± 0.72 10.17 ± 0.84 Ammonia, mmol / L 29.52 ± 0.56 26.92 ± 0.85 22.04 ± 0.29

where VFAs are volatile fatty acids,

NAC is a mixture of essential amino acids.

Analyzing the data obtained (Table 1), we note that methods for protecting a mixture of amino acids from destruction in the rumen had a definite effect on the indices of cicatricial digestion.

So, the concentration of ammonia in the cicatricial fluid of an animal that received essential amino acids protected by the proposed method with food was lower than in the control (OR + native. AK) by 7.48 mmol / L (P <0.05) and by 4.88 mmol / l than in the prototype.

The difference in the formation of VFA was less significant and amounted to 2.69 and 2.06 mmol / 100 ml of scar fluid, respectively.

Thus, the availability of amino acids for rumen microorganisms was the lowest in the proposed method.

To study the metabolism of nitrogen in the body of ruminants, the balance experiment was carried out according to the generally accepted method at the physical yard of the Burtinskoye farm. The results of this study are presented in table. 2.

table 2 Indicators Rations OP + native. NAC OP + def. fat. NAC OP + def. prir. zeol. NAC Received with feed 164.2 ± 1.13 162.5 ± 1.68 164.21 ± 0.79 Highlighted: with feces
with urine 53.6 ± 2.38 53.8 ± 2.45 49.7 ± 1.03 83.7 ± 2.23 81.0 ± 0.68 84.7 ± 1.07 Set aside in the body 26.9 ± 0.65 27.7 ± 0.24 29.8 ± 0.42

With almost the same intake of nitrogen with feed, its excretion with feces and urine was slightly different. The protection of the essential amino acid mixture from ruin destruction affected the deposition of nitrogen in the animal’s body: feeding of amino acids protected by fat increased nitrogen deposition by 3.0% and natural zeolite by 10.7% (P <0.05) compared to the control (OR + native. AK). Essential amino acids, protected by natural zeolite, entered the abomasum and intestinal lumen in large quantities, which subsequently affected the deposition of protein in the body of animals.

To study the influence of methods of protecting essential amino acids on the productive qualities of young cattle, a scientific and economic experiment (90 days) was conducted in the conditions of the physical yard of the Burtinskoye farm (Table 3).

Table 3 Indicators Rations OP + native. NAC OP + def. fat. NAC OP + def. prir. zeol. NAC Live weight, kg: at the beginning
in the end 255.2 ± 4.1 256.9 ± 3.9 254.8 ± 4.9 339.8 ± 4.12 346.5 ± 5.14 349.3 ± 3.96 The average daily gain, g 940.0 995.0 1,050.0

When tested, the live weight of the experimental animals did not differ significantly, but at the end of the experimental period it was higher in animals that received protected forms of essential amino acids by 6.7-9.5 kg than in the control. Moreover, when feeding a mixture of essential amino acids protected by natural zeolite, the live weight increased by 2.8 kg, and the average daily increase by 5.5%.

Thus, the essential amino acids protected by natural zeolite were less accessible to ruminant rumen microorganisms, which increased their entry into the lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract and positively affected the productivity of animals.

Information sources

1. Bertram H.R. Zur Ververtung von synthetizehen Aminosauren in der Futterung von Wiederkauern / Kraftfutter. - 1974. - 57, No. 8 - p. 318-322.

2. Stephenson R.G.A. Rumen protected supplement to improve lamb survival / Austral. Advances in veter Sci. - 1986. - 19.

3. Alfimtsev N.A. Provision of calves in amino acids when feeding their protected forms / Tez. doc. scientific - prakt. conf. TSHA - Kaluga: TSNTI, 1990.

4. Chelintsev N.F., Berenstein B.G., Volodin V.F. Zeolites are a new type of mineral raw material. - M .: Nedra, 1987, - 176 p.

5. Kalachnyuk G.I. Physiological, biochemical and practical justification of feeding zeolites / Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 1990, No. 3. - S. 56-64.

6. Dawkins, T.C.K., Wallace J. A natural mineral for the feed industry // Feed Compo under - 1990, vol. 10, 1, p. 56-59.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing food for ruminants, characterized in that they carry out mechanical mixing of the concentrated basic diet with essential amino acids, which are pre-mixed with dehydrated natural zeolite and water in a ratio of 1: 20: 0.2.