RU2283194C1 - Method of using exhausted mineral oil for manufacturing bricks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: disposal of solid waste.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises mixing exhausted mineral oil with granulated slime in the ratio 1:10, adding the mixture obtained to clay to the extent of 20% in mass, roasting the bricks in oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature 960-100° C allowing the bricks to stand at the maximum roasting temperature at least for an hour.

EFFECT: enhanced strength of bricks.

1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the processing of wastes containing liquid petroleum products, in particular to spent mineral oils that are not subject to regeneration generated during gas transportation, as well as in railway transport.

Known methods of disposal of liquid oily waste, including oil waste by burning in various furnaces and devices at temperatures from plus 800 to plus 1100 ° C, which guarantees the completeness of combustion of organic substances and does not lead to excessive formation of nitrogen oxides from the air. (Zubrev N.I., Sharpova N.A. “Environmental Protection and Ecological Safety in Railway Transport”, Moscow: UMK MPS of Russia, 1999, pp. 265-266).

The disadvantage of these methods is the need to build a site for the processing of used mineral oil with expensive equipment for burning used mineral oil, as well as the problem of further disposal of the obtained dry residue containing heavy metals.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method for the manufacture of ceramic bricks, including the use of waste mineral oil (patent RU 2052417 C1, C 04 B 33/00, 01/20/1996, 6 pp.), Characterized in that in the production of ceramic building bricks from a mixture, including clay and granular slag, to reduce the cracking of the brick during drying, the used oil is fed into the press mouthpiece, which is evenly applied to the timber, then the timber is cut into billets, dried and fired in a tunnel kiln.

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient degree of disposal of spent mineral oil, because the spent mineral oil is applied with a thin film only on the spoon and stick surfaces of the raw brick, in addition, heavy metals contained in the waste are not neutralized.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a more economical and environmentally friendly method of processing waste mineral oil.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of disposing of used mineral oil by transporting it to a brick factory and using granulated slag in the production of building bricks from a raw material mixture, clay is used as granulated slag, Cherepovets granulated slag is used as granulated slag, and used mineral oil is mixed with the specified slag in a ratio of 1:10, the resulting mixture is added to clay in an amount of 20 wt.%, the calcination of the molded brick is carried out in oxidize Flax atmosphere at a temperature of 960-1000 ° C and held at the maximum temperature of firing at least one hour.

The direct addition of spent mineral oil to the ceramic mixture adversely affects the physicomechanical characteristics of the brick due to insulation and a decrease in the adhesion of clay layers, which leads to loosening of the structure of the ceramic mixture and, as a result, to a decrease in strength and frost resistance. In this regard, it is proposed to introduce spent mineral oil on a substrate of Cherepovets slag, having active centers on the surface both according to the type of Brainsted acids and the type of Brainsted bases.

The obtained effect of a more economical and environmentally friendly method of processing used mineral oil is based on the fact that when the used mineral oil is mixed with the Cherepovets slag, the oils are adsorbed on the active centers of the slag surface according to the type of Brandsted acid and are in a bound state, while heavy metal cations located in the spent mineral oil, adsorbed on the active centers of the slag surface according to the Bronsted base type. The process of firing ceramic bricks occurs in an oxidizing environment with an excess of oxygen up to 10% with exposure at a maximum firing temperature plus 960-1000 ° C for at least an hour, which leads to the complete combustion of the used mineral oil and the binding of heavy metals to insoluble silicates. Thus, the complete neutralization of the used mineral oil occurs, because A study of the water extract of brick samples with the input of Cherepovets slag in an amount of 20 wt.% showed the absence of oil products and heavy metal cations. The temperature range for brick firing from 960 to 1000 ° C is dictated by the mineralogical composition of the fusible clays used in brick production. In this range, physicochemical processes occur that form the structure of the brick with the necessary performance characteristics. So, when firing a brick below 960 ° C, the necessary strength and frost resistance are not achieved, and when firing above 1000 ° C, the water absorption of the brick becomes below 6%, which is also not permissible according to GOST 530-90.

When using a mixture of spent mineral oil with Cherepovets slag in the production of ordinary ceramic bricks, side effects arise: the quality of the finished product improves - the resulting brick has increased bending strength due to more durable adhesion of the Cherepovets slag to the clay matrix; the thermotechnical properties of the crock are improved by increasing the porosity, the thermal conductivity of the crock decreases; reduced use of non-renewable natural resources (gas, sand).

Concrete example

Cherepovets granulated slag is a waste of the metallurgical industry with a fineness modulus M _cr = 2.5, the chemical composition of granulated Cherepovets slag is presented in the table.

Table The content of oxides, wt.% SiO ₂ Al ₂ About ₃ Fe ₃ O ₃ TiO ₂ CuO Cao MgO MnO R ₂ O p.p.p. Cherepovets slag 41.92 6.6 0.33 - - 44.8 2,38 0.9 3.0 -

Waste mineral oil, for example, grades MS-8P, Tp-22S is transported to a brick factory, unloaded, then mixed in a clay mixer with a Cherepovets granulated slag in a ratio of 1:10, added to clay as a scrubber and goes through all production cycles accepted in brick production.

The process of firing ceramic bricks occurs in an oxidizing environment with an excess of oxygen up to 10% with exposure at a maximum firing temperature plus 960-1000 ° C for at least an hour, which leads to the complete combustion of the used mineral oil and the binding of heavy metals to insoluble silicates.

The claimed method is economical, because disposal of spent mineral oil at the place of its formation is reduced to simple, cheap operations of transporting to a brick factory, and then mixing with Cherepovets slag and using this mixture as a scrubber in brick production, with the complete neutralization of the spent mineral oil. The specified ratio of spent mineral oil and Cherepovets slag 1:10 selected to ensure good oil-holding ability and flowability of the mixture. With this method, there is no need to store spent mineral oil at landfills, which favorably affects the environmental situation and reduces the cost of processing spent mineral oil.

To use the mixture of waste mineral oil with Cherepovets slag as a scrubber in the production of ceramic bricks, additional investment is not required, because instead of building sand, the resulting mixture is poured into the receiving hopper, then the technological mode of brick production does not differ from the traditional mode.

Claims (1)

A method of disposing of used mineral oil by transporting it to a brick factory and using granular slag in the production of building bricks from a raw material mixture, including clay and a cleaning agent, characterized in that Cherepovets granulated slag is used as granulated slag, and the used mineral oil is mixed with said slag in a ratio of 1:10, the resulting mixture is added to clay in an amount of 20 wt.%, the fired brick is fired in an oxidizing atmosphere at a rate temperature 960-1000 ° С with exposure at maximum firing temperature for at least an hour.