RU2282921C1 - Method for producing required phase distribution on elements of spatial phased antenna array and spatial phased antenna array (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: antenna engineering, in particular, active spatial phased antenna arrays, possible use for engineering antennas with non-mechanical swaying of antenna beam.

SUBSTANCE: method for receiving required phase distribution on elements of spatial phased antenna array includes controlling phases of signals on coherent service frequencies of columns and rows, produced on setting mixer from two setting frequencies, while signals of service frequencies, carrying information about required phase of signal for each column and row are added on mixers of emitters of phased antenna array, while total signals, carrying information about phase of each element of array, required for swaying of antenna beam, is sent to output amplifier of array or utilized as carriers of required phase in generation of other signals of phased antenna array element, and also spatial phased antenna array, made in form of matrix and containing setting mixer, to which signals of service frequencies f and Δf are sent, output signals f₁=f+Δf and f₂=f-Δf of which through appropriate phase shifters are sent respectively to rows and columns of matrix, in points of intersection of rows and columns of matrix mixers are positioned, outputs of which are connected to inputs of appropriate amplifiers, and spatial phased antenna grid, made in form of matrix and containing setting mixer, to which service frequency signals f and Δf are sent, output signals f₁=f+Δf and f₂=f-Δf of which through appropriate phase shifters are sent respectively to rows and columns of matrix, in points of intersection of rows and columns of matrix mixers are positioned, outputs of which are connected to first inputs of appropriate receiving mixers, second inputs of which are connected to outputs of appropriate amplifiers.

EFFECT: creation of active antenna array with minimal amount of controlled phase shifters.

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Description

The invention relates to antenna technology, in particular to active spatial phased antenna arrays (PAR), and can be used to create antennas with non-mechanical swinging of the antenna beam.

Phased antenna arrays, phasing schemes at an intermediate frequency and double frequency conversion circuits are known (Book of Benenson et al. "Antenna Arrays", pp. 184-187).

However, a drawback of the circuits presented in the book is the fact that although the circuits shown in it in Fig. 5.11 and Fig. 5.12 use mixers to add the phases from different local oscillators and the frequency is converted, these circuits use a local oscillator with a sweeping frequency and frequency-dependent delay lines, while the addition of phases from the rows and columns of a flat antenna array is impossible.

Known devices described in patents US 6831600, H 01 Q 3/26, 12/14/2004, WO 03015212, H 01 Q 3/26, 02/20/2003, JP 2002158528, H 01 Q 3/26, 05/31/2002, have those same disadvantages.

Other schemes for the formation of the necessary phase distribution in the aperture of a phased array are given in the book of A.S. Lavrov and G. B. Reznikov. "Antenna feeder devices." Section 15.3 of this book shows the power supply circuits of the emitters to obtain the necessary phase delays. As can be seen from Fig. 15.3 and 15.4, the number of control phase shifters of a flat phased array antenna is equal to the number of its emitters. For a rectangular planar antenna array having N rows and M columns, the total number of emitters will be equal to the product of the number of rows and the number of columns, and the total number K of phase shifters is K = N · M.

The disadvantage of these devices is the large number of controlled phase shifters.

Partially, this drawback was eliminated in the technical solution characterizing the device for controlling the position of the beam of the phased array antenna (PAR), containing N channels, including the first mixers, the inputs of which are connected to the radiators of the PAR, and from the third channel, the second and third mixers, while the heterodyne inputs the first mixers are connected to the outputs of the respective second mixers, the heterodyne inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the corresponding third mixers, a control unit, a first crystal oscillator, total power output, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the first mixers of the corresponding channels, and the output is the PAR output, as well as a controlled phase shifter, fourth and fifth mixers, a second crystal oscillator, the output of which is connected to the first inputs of the fourth and fifth mixers, the output of the first crystal oscillator is connected to the heterodyne input of the first mixer of the first channel, the input of the phase shifter and the second input of the fourth mixer, the output of the phase shifter is connected to the heterodyne input of the first mixer of the second channel, a signal the first input of the third mixer of the third channel and the second input of the fifth mixer, the output of the fifth mixer is connected to the heterodyne inputs of the third mixers of all channels, starting from the third, the signal inputs of the third mixers of the nth channels are connected in pairs, starting from the fourth channel (SU 1406676, H 01 Q 3/26, 06/30/1988).

However, this device is a linear (non-spatial) antenna array, following the logic of its construction, it is impossible to create a phased spatial array with a minimum number of controlled phase shifters.

The technical result of the method and devices is to create an active antenna array with a minimum number of controllable phase shifters.

To achieve the specified technical result, a method is proposed for obtaining the required phase distribution on the elements of a spatial phased antenna array, which consists in controlling the phases of the signals at the coherent service frequencies of the columns and rows obtained on the master mixer from two driving frequencies, the service frequency signals carrying information on the required phase of the signal for each column and row are summed up on the mixers of the emitters of the phased antenna array, and the sum Signal signals that carry information about the phase of each element of the array required to swing the antenna beam are fed to the output amplifier of the array or used as carriers of the desired phase to generate other signals of the element of the phased array, as well as a spatial phased array made in the form of a matrix and containing defining a mixer, to which the service signals are frequency f and Δf, the output signals f ₁ = f + Δf and f ₂ = f-Δf which through respective phase shifters are respectively in row and column s matrix at the intersections of rows and columns of the matrix are arranged mixers whose outputs are connected to inputs of the respective amplifiers, and spatial phased array antenna, designed as a matrix and containing a given mixer, to which are fed signals official frequency f and Δf, the output signals f ₁ = f + Δf and f ₂ = f-Δf which through respective phase shifters are respectively to rows and columns of a matrix at the intersections of rows and columns of the matrix are arranged mixers whose outputs are connected to the first strokes corresponding receiving mixers, whose second inputs are connected to outputs of the respective amplifiers.

Let us explain the claimed method - the formation of signals of service frequencies of rows and columns is carried out, in each row and column one phase shifter is installed, which creates the phase delay necessary for a given row or column at the service frequency.

The service frequency signals of the row f1 = f + Δf and the column f2 = f-Δf are obtained on one master mixer.

For each element of the lattice, service frequency signals with a phase are received:

- rows ψ1 = f1t + φ1

- column ψ2 = f2t + φ2,

where φ1 and φ2 are the phase shifts in rows and columns required for rocking the antenna beam.

On the grating element, the service frequency signals are added to the appropriate mixer and amplified before radiation. The total frequency emitted by the lattice element as the carrier frequency has a phase

ψ = (f1 + f2) t + φ1 + φ2 = 2ft + φ1 + φ2.

Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the transmitting array, constructed by the proposed method of forming the required phase distributions in the aperture of the antenna, where 1 ₁ -1 _N - phase shifters of the rows, 2 ₁ -2 _N - phase shifters of the columns, 3 - master mixer, 4 ₁ -4 _NM - emitter mixers, 5 - transmitting amplifier.

Figure 2 shows the functional diagrams of the receiving grating and its element, where 1 ₁ -1 _N - phase shifters of the rows, 2 ₁ -2 _N - phase shifters of the columns, 3 - master mixer, 4 ₁ -4 _NM - emitter mixers, 5 - receiver amplifier , 6 - receiving mixer.

The frequency signal Fpr and phase ψ = Fprt-φ1-φ2 received by the lattice element after amplification is fed to the mixer, where it is mixed with the sum of service signals obtained at the mixer output. The signal at the mixer output no longer carries information about the phase delays obtained at the elements of the antenna array as a result of a change in the direction of arrival of the radio signals.

Claims (3)

1. A method of obtaining the desired phase distribution on the elements of a spatial phased antenna array, which consists in controlling the phases of the signals at the coherent service frequencies of the columns and rows obtained on the master mixer from two driving frequencies, the service frequency signals carrying information about the desired phase of the signal for each column and row are summed on the mixers of the emitters of the phased array antenna, and the total signals carrying information about the phase of each element of the array and, required for swinging the antenna beam, it is fed to the output amplifier of the array or used as carriers of the desired phase in the formation of other signals of the phased array antenna element. 2. A spatial phased array antenna, made in the form of a matrix and containing a master mixer, to which the service frequency signals f and Δf are fed, the output signals f ₁ = f + Δf and f ₂ = f-Δf of which are fed through the corresponding phase shifters respectively to the rows and columns of the matrix, at the intersection of rows and columns of the matrix are mixers, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the respective transmitting amplifiers. 3. The spatial phased array antenna, made in the form of a matrix and containing a master mixer, to which the service frequency signals f and Δf are fed, the output signals f ₁ = f + Δf and f ₂ = f-Δf of which are fed through the corresponding phase shifters respectively to the rows and columns of the matrix, at the intersection points of the rows and columns of the matrix are mixers, the outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the respective receiving mixers, the second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the corresponding receiving amplifiers.

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