RU2281366C1 - Protective structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: protective structures adapted to protect transport units and fixed devices against accidents, namely against weapon bullets, falls and fires.

SUBSTANCE: protective structure comprises body and lid. Each of the body and the lid includes outer shell, liner with filler made of material, which changes its phase as a result of heating, and insulation layer arranged between the outer shell and the liner. Sealing means is located between the body and the lid. Outer shell is made of metal having melting temperature of not less than 1000°C and has polished surfaces. Liner is composed of two different materials. Liner layer connected to insulation layer is made of heat-resistant non-metallic material, opposite layer is created of metal material having melting temperature of not less than 600°C, unit elongation of not less than 15% and tensile strength of not less than 100 MPa. Hardly rigid non-metallic layer is incorporated in the filler. Damping layer of porous material and damping metal member are connected to opposite liner layer.

EFFECT: increased protective properties due to predetermined location of structure layers.

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Description

The invention relates to means of protecting transport and stationary devices from accidental impacts: bullets of small arms, falls and fires, including terrorist attacks, and can be used in various fields of technology and industry - in nuclear, mechanical engineering, banking, etc.

Known fireproof container (US patent No. 3709169, IPC E 05 G 1/02, NKI 109-29, publ. 09/01/1973), designed to protect valuable items, for example, securities from exposure to fire or intense heat. Thermal insulation is provided inside the container, consisting of an outer layer of heat-resistant material, such as ceramic fiber, and an inner layer of absorbent material, such as glass paper saturated with water. The inner layer is placed in a waterproof casing, for example of polyethylene, which is destroyed by exposure to elevated temperatures. As a rule, ventilation devices allow steam, which is formed under the influence of intense heat in the inner layer of thermal insulation, to go inside the tank and causes a further slowdown in temperature by absorbing heat. Ventilation devices provide a slow exit of steam from the tank through the channel formed between the lid and the container itself, which slows the spread of heat inward through this channel. In a preferred embodiment, water-saturated elongated fibrous absorbent material is located between the outer frame and the inner container, in a place subject to heat transfer at high speed, for example, along the rack between the outer frame and the inner container. The disadvantages of such protection are:

- the possibility of evaporation of water through openings in the casing formed during mechanical damage, which during subsequent heating will not slow down the temperature increase by absorbing heat from the process of vaporization, thereby deteriorating heat-shielding properties and eliminating the possibility of reuse of protection;

- the container is not resistant to the complex effects of various hacking tools (mechanical, bullet, thermal).

Known heat-shielding housing for the protection of one of several heat-sensitive products from exposure to elevated ambient temperatures (application Germany No. 3432789, IPC G 12 B 17/06, publ. 11.04.1985). A heat-sensitive product or several such products are placed in the inner cavity of the outer frame. On the surface of the first inner cavity, a first thermal insulator in the form of a thermo-facing is distributed, creating a second inner cavity. The heat-sensitive product is held at a distance from the walls of the second internal cavity. The first thermal insulator is made of a solid substance that retains its state when exposed to an elevated ambient temperature. At least a part of the second inner cavity is occupied by a second thermal insulator, in which the thermally sensitive products to be protected are placed, as in a casing. At a certain temperature, the second thermal insulator passes from solid to liquid. The phase transition temperature is selected so that the second thermal insulator remains in the solid state, until the case is exposed to elevated temperature. With increasing ambient temperature, the thermal insulator goes into a liquid state.

The disadvantage of this heat-shielding enclosure is the following:

- with a complex effect on the body of damaging factors (lumbago, drilling, followed by heating, etc.), a rapid leakage of a liquid thermal insulator from the body can occur and the heat-shielding properties of the body deteriorate sharply.

A fire safe is known (UK application No. 2168402, IPC E 05 G 1/00, publ. 06/18/1986). The safe contains a container and a lid. Each of the elements has an outer casing, an inner lining and an intermediate insulating layer of resistant and refractory material. The inner lining has a filler made of a phase-changing material, such as paraffin, which has the property of absorbing heat.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- inability to withstand influences in the form of a cross, various mechanical means of hacking;

- reduced heat-shielding properties during mechanical damage to structural elements due to the possible embrace of heat-resistant material and leakage of material that changes the phase state when heated;

- there are no elements in the design that remove heat from the material that absorbed it during heating as a result of a phase transition from one state to another, while it is possible to pump heat into the safe when it cools, which is unacceptable;

- a change in the phase state of the material is associated with a change in its volume, which can lead to damage or destruction of the safe itself, since it does not provide structural elements that exclude or reduce this effect.

Safe fire protection on the application of the UK No. 2168402 selected as a prototype.

The challenge facing the authors of the present invention is to develop reliable protection of the object from the complex effects of small arms bullets, high-temperature fire with a temperature of up to 1000 ° C for one hour or more and high-intensity shock loads when dropped.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to increase the protective properties of the protective structure due to the introduction of new protective layers into the structure and their specific location in it, leading to a decrease in damage to the internal layers of the device and to provide resistance to small arms bullets, high-temperature fire with a temperature of up to 1000 ° C for one hour or more and high-intensity shock loads when dropped.

The technical result is achieved in that in a protective structure comprising a housing and a cover, each of which consists of an outer casing, an inner lining with a filler of a material that changes the phase state when heated, and an insulating layer located between the outer casing and the inner lining, the outer casing made of metal material with a melting point of at least 1000 ° C and polished surfaces. The inner lining is made of two different materials. The inner lining layer adjacent to the insulating layer is made of heat-resistant non-metallic material, and the opposite layer is made of metal material with a melting point of at least 600 ° C, a relative elongation of at least 15% and a tensile strength of at least 100 MPa. A layer of highly hard non-metallic material is introduced into the filler. A damping layer of a porous material and a damping metal element are installed to the opposite layer of the inner lining. A seal is located between the housing and the cover.

Resistance to small arms bullets is achieved due to the fact that a layer of highly hard non-metallic material is introduced into the filler of the protective structure. A layer of solid non-metallic material crushes the bullet and extinguishes its energy, and the layer of the inner lining, which is opposite to the insulating layer, stops the entire stream of fragments caused by the fragmentation of the bullet and the solid layer. Moreover, this resistance is maintained when exposed to a high-temperature fire due to the filler of the inner lining of a material that changes the phase state when heated, and an insulating layer located between the outer casing and the inner lining, as well as an outer casing made of metal material with a melting point of at least 1000 ° With and polished surfaces. When heated, the outer casing does not melt due to the high melting point when exposed to fire, but due to the fact that its surfaces are polished, it intensively reflects the radiant component of the heat flux. This leads to a significant decrease in the heating of the insulating layer and the passage of heat flux into the structure. When heated, the filler changes its phase state, intensively absorbs heat, and thereby protects the lining layers from melting or thermal degradation. The implementation of the inner lining layer adjacent to the insulating layer of a heat-resistant non-metallic material helps to prevent the outflow of filler out when heated and the phase state changes. The resistance of the protected object to impact when dropped by the protective structure is ensured by a damping layer of porous material and a damping metal element attached to the layer of the inner lining of the metal material with a melting point of at least 600 ° C, elongation of at least 15% and tensile strength of at least 100 MPa. The damping layer of porous material is deformed upon falling and thereby reduces the shock loads on the protected object to acceptable values. A damping metal element limits the deformation of the layer of porous material. In this case, the minimum dimensions (thickness) of the protective structure and its maximum damping properties are achieved.

Thus, the claimed technical solution provides reliable protection of the object from a high-temperature fire with a temperature of up to 1000 ° C for one hour or more, the impact of small arms bullets and impacts when dropped, i.e. protects the object from complex effects.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the protective structure, figure 2 - protective structure after exposure to damaging factors, where:

1 - housing;

2 - cover;

3 - outer casing;

4 - inner lining;

5 - filler from a material that changes the phase state when heated;

6 - an insulating layer;

7 - seal between the housing 1 and the cover 2;

8 - layer of the inner lining adjacent to the insulating layer;

9 - a layer of the inner lining, opposite the layer adjacent to the insulating layer;

10 - layer of highly hard non-metallic material;

11 - damping layer of porous material;

12 - damping metal element;

13 - a bullet;

14 - fire flame;

15 is a hard surface upon which a protective structure falls.

The protective structure includes a housing 1 and a cover 2. The housing 1 and the cover 2 consist of an outer casing 3, an inner lining 4 with a filler 5 of a material that changes the phase state when heated, and an insulating layer 6 located between the outer casing 3 and the inner lining 4. A seal 7 is located between the housing 1 and the cover 2. The outer casing 3 is made of metal material with a melting point of at least 1000 ° C and polished surfaces. The inner lining 4 is made of two different materials (layers 8, 9). Layer 8 of the inner lining adjacent to the insulating layer 6 is made of heat-resistant non-metallic material, and the opposite layer 9 is made of metal material with a melting point of at least 600 ° C, relative elongation of at least 15% and tensile strength of at least 100 MPa. A layer 10 of highly hard non-metallic material is introduced into the filler 5. To the opposite layer 9 of the inner lining 4, a damping layer 11 of porous material and a damping metal element 12 are installed.

The protective structure works as follows:

When exposed to the bullet 13, as a rule, the outer casing 3 breaks through, the insulating layer 6, the inner lining layer 8 adjacent to the insulating layer 6, the filler 5. The layer 10 of solid non-metallic material crushes the bullet 13 and extinguishes its energy. Layer 9 of the inner lining, opposite to the insulating layer 6, stops the whole stream of fragments caused by crushing of the bullet 13 and the hard layer 10. When the protective structure falls on the hard surface 15, the outer casing 3, the insulating layer 6 and partially the layer 8 of the inner lining 4 are deformed. The main load is absorbed by the damping layer 11 of the porous material and the damping metal element 12. In this case, the damping metal element 12 limits the amount of deformation of the layer 11 of the porous material. When exposed to fire, protection from heating from the intact side is provided by an insulating layer 6 located between the outer casing 3 and the inner lining 4, as well as the outer casing 3 made of metal material with a melting point of at least 1000 ° C and polished surfaces. The outer casing 3 intensively reflects the radiant component of the heat flux, which leads to a significant decrease in the heating of the insulating layer 6 and the passage of heat flux into the structure. Changes in the phase state of the filler 5 is not achieved. On the damaged side, from the effects of bullets and falling onto a hard surface, protection is mainly ensured by the filler 5 from a material that changes the phase state when heated. When heated, the filler 5 intensively absorbs heat, passes into the liquid (and gaseous) phase and begins to flow out, intensively removing heat from the layer 9 of the inner lining, the damping layer 11 of the porous material and the damping metal element 12.

As an example of a specific industrial implementation of the protective structure, the following design is proposed.

The housing 1 and cover 2 of the protective structure include an outer casing 3 of steel 12X18H9T, an inner lining 4 with filler 5 based on an epoxy binder that changes the phase state when heated, and an insulating layer 6 of PNTB located between the outer casing 3 and the inner lining 4 Between the housing 1 and the cover 2 there is a seal 7 made of a heat-resistant non-metallic material based on fiberglass. The surfaces of the outer casing 3 are polished. The inner lining 4 is made of two different materials (layers 8, 9). Layer 8 of the inner lining adjacent to the insulating layer 6 of PNTB is made of heat-resistant non-metallic material based on fiberglass, and the opposite layer 9 is made of steel 12Kh18N9T with a melting point of 1650 ° C, relative elongation of at least 38% and tensile strength of 216 MPa. Silicon carbide ceramic layer 10 is introduced into the filler 5. A damping layer 11 of PS-1 foam and a damping element 12 of Amg6 aluminum alloy are installed to the opposite layer 9 of the inner lining 4.

The claimed design allows us to solve the problem of developing reliable protection of the object from the combined effects of small arms bullets, high-temperature fires with temperatures up to 1000 ° C for one hour or more and high-intensity shock loads when dropped.

The tests on the models confirmed the claimed technical result.

Claims (1)

A protective structure comprising a housing and a cover, consisting of an outer casing, an inner lining with a filler made of a material that changes the phase state when heated, an insulating layer located between the outer casing and the inner lining, and a seal between the housing and the lid, characterized in that the outer casing made of metal material with a melting point of at least 1000 ° C and polished surfaces, the inner lining is made of two different materials, the layer of the inner lining adjacent to the insulating layer is made of heat-resistant non-metallic material, and the opposite layer is made of metal material with a melting point of at least 600 ° C, a relative elongation of at least 15% and a tensile strength of at least 100 MPa, a layer of high-hard non-metallic material is introduced into the filler, to an opposing layer of the inner lining has a damping layer of porous material and a damping metal element.

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