RU2276728C1 - Method for tunneling machine fixation in predetermined location - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: coal industry, particularly development machines for hydromines.

SUBSTANCE: method involves performing preparation drilling operations along with well flushing in mine ground with the use of several hollow rods provided with cutting crowns; anchoring tunneling machines by fastening thereof to well walls with the use of spring-piston mechanisms provided with anchoring means and connected to hollow rods so that tunneling machine fastening is carried out without rod removal from wells; cutting new ledge after hollow rod removal from well; fixing anchoring member during ledge cutting after hollow rod removal by applying tension to hollow rod in the absence of water pressure in it. Anchoring member is detached from well wall by moving rod to face simultaneously with supplying pressurized water to the rod before hollow rod removal. Spring-piston mechanism acts on anchoring member in direction transversal to well wall. Then the rod is removed from well and the tunneling machine is moved for distance equal to ledge width and tunneling machine fixation operations are repeated.

EFFECT: increased reliability of temporary tunneling machine anchoring during excavation operation performing.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the coal industry, in particular to rifled machines for hydraulic mines.

A known method of holding a mining tunneling machine in a predetermined position, in particular, by expanding into the roof the development of self-propelled roof support belonging to the machine and consisting of three sections working alternately on the strut - movement - strut (see, for example, Ya.I. Bazer and others Roadheaders. - M.: Nedra, 1974, - p. 36, Fig. 22; p. 59, Fig. 42). In this way, a reliable retention of the machine in a predetermined position is achieved when it is operating, including at large (up to 50 ° - according to Fig. 22 of the book by Ya.I. Bazer) production lifting angles when any reactions from the bottom are transferred to the machine at that time.

The condition for the effective use of this method is the stability of the roof of the ongoing production; otherwise, there is a domed roof, and therefore, an unacceptably large increase in the complexity of work on securing a mine or the impossibility of carrying it out, as is the case on steep fall beds, where the "roof" is coal.

There is a method of holding a mining machine in a predetermined position by temporarily anchoring it in a leading well conducted along the axis of the main production (The specified book by Y. I. Bazer et al., P. 69 and Fig. 49). When carrying out a cross-section with S ₁ , the combine is first burst into the walls of the pit, then it is drilled along its axis with the help of a central drill rod connected to the machine and the leading well with a cross-section S ₂ ≪ S ₁ , then the drill rod is “jammed” (anchor the machine) in this well with a spacer . Now the machine is fixed in the ongoing development and can absorb workloads.

The advantage of this method is obvious: the machine is certainly held in position during the processing of the face.

However, this method relates to machines moving only along the axis of the leading well, i.e. only a drilling type, and it cannot be used, for example, when a self-propelled diagonal furnace conducts a self-propelled hydromonitor over a steep dip with an angle of elevation of γ = 30 ° (see L.A. Puchkov and others. Integrated coal mining technologies based on hydromechanics. " - M.: MSTU Publishing House, 2000, p.66, 67. This method cannot be used when carrying out submarine drifts on steep fall seams with mechano-hydraulic combines with an executive body of selective action (K56MG, GPKSG, Ural-38 combines for hydraulic mines ). In addition, such a car neo it is necessary to fix it in the development before starting drilling of the leading well — for a steep dip, such a fastening is accompanied by the coal dumps indicated above, i.e., an increase in the laboriousness of fastening the conducted working.

A known method of holding a tunneling machine in a predetermined position when practicing a single step with a working body, including preparatory operations for drilling with flushing wells into the soil using several hollow rods with cutting crowns and anchoring the boring machine into the walls of drilled wells using spring-piston hollow rods mechanisms with an anchoring element without removing the hollow rods from the wells, and working out a new ledge after removing these rods - prototype (patent application RU No. 930 14499/03 of 03/19/1993 on "A method of holding a mining machine in a predetermined position and a device for its implementation"; publication date 03/10/1995).

The prototype method opens up the possibility of creating a lightweight machine for conducting rifled workings, namely, sub-floor drifts during hydro production. But it does not have a sufficiently high reliability of the anchoring process.

The technical result of the invention is to eliminate this drawback, i.e. improving the reliability of the process of temporary anchoring of the tunneling machine during the development.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of holding the tunneling machine in a predetermined position, including preparatory drilling operations with washing the wells into the production soil using several hollow rods with cutting crowns, anchoring the boring machine into the walls of the drilled wells using spring-piston hollow rods mechanisms with an anchoring element without removing the hollow rods from the wells and moving the tunneling machine after removing these rods, after anchoring the tunneling machine an The generating element is held during the working out of the step by tensioning the hollow rod in the absence of water pressure in its cavity, and before removing the hollow rod, the anchoring element is first brought out of contact with the borehole wall by moving the rod to the bottom while supplying water under pressure to its cavity, and the spring-piston mechanism acts on the anchoring element perpendicular to the wall of the well, then the rod is removed, after that the sinking machine is moved by the step size and the operations of its retention are repeated in the set m position.

Such an improvement of the prototype method allows you to hold the machine during the development of the next step of the excavation drawn to the soil and to freely remove the hollow rod from the well before changing the position of the sinking machine, which increases the reliability of the method. On the whole, the major task of eliminating dome formation during preparatory workings with unstable roofs, especially on steep dip layers, is being solved. with the implementation of these proposals, there is no need to bring any releasing mechanisms into contact with the roof and side rocks; while the complexity of securing the output is reduced.

A comparison of the claimed features of the technical solution with the prototype allowed us to establish compliance with their criterion of "novelty." In the study of other known technical solutions in the art, the features that distinguish the claimed invention from the prototype were not identified and therefore they provide the claimed technical solution with the criterion of "significant differences".

The inventive method is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows a rifled machine in its original position when viewed from the side;

figure 2 is the same when viewed from above;

figure 3 schematically shows a drill anchor in its original position;

figure 4 schematically shows a drill anchor with its control system after anchoring the machine;

figure 5 given the node M in figure 4;

Fig.6 shows a section aa in Fig.5.

The drawings show 1 — the control panel of the machine, 2 — the extendable table of the frame, 3 — the frame of the machine, 4 — the frame drill, 5 — the engine of the working body (RO) of the machine, 6 — RO, 7 — the table drill, 8 — the table feed cylinder, 9 - maslostantion, 10 - crown cutting boredanker, 11 - hydraulic rotator crowns, 12 - anchor mechanism, 13 - hollow rod, 14 - rod bracket, 15 - coupling, 16 - guide rail, 17 - rigid connection of the rack 16 with the feed hydraulic cylinder 18 - bracket for the supply hydraulic cylinder, 19 - supply hydraulic cylinder, 20 - rod cavity, 21 - well, 22 - hydraulic lock, 23 - feed distribution valve, 24 - valve control valve, 25 - valve with hydraulic actuator, 26 - water line, 27 - rod cavity, 28 - flange, 29 - hinge pin, 30 - anchor element (rod), 31 - spring, 32 - piston, 33 - the axis of the rod, 34 - the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder "for drilling", 35 - the hydraulic line of the pumping oil, 36 - the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder "to extract", 37 - the bore of the rod, 38 - the pipe, 39 - the cavity of the pipe, 40 - the shoulder of the rod head, 41 - rod shoulder tail.

The “mechanical-hydraulic” machine is shown: coal is destroyed by a mechanical working body (RO) 6, and the transported rock mass is transported by water used as an energy carrier for 5 RO 6 rotator, which can be, in particular, a DM high-torque hydraulic motor (Medvedkov V .I., Krajushkin VG New water engines for downhole equipment of hydraulic mines / Collected scientific papers of the All-Russian Research Institute of Hydroglow. - Novokuznetsk, 1991). The same water (Fig. 4) was used to flush the well 21 and for the DM rotator 11, which is installed between the cutting crown 10 and the drill hollow rod 13. The rotator body 11 is rigidly connected to the rod 13, the shaft to the cutting crown 10. The rod 13 does not rotate.

Using the indicated threaded machine, sub-floor drifts for coal are carried out on steep dip strata, and the considered wells are oriented to the production soil, i.e. also carried out on coal.

The machine of FIGS. 1, 2 is represented by a frame 3 of a welded structure with two drilling and anchoring units 4 (BAU) and an oil station 9 (MHC) with a driven hydraulic turbine and table 2 with two BAU 7 and PO 6.

Table 2 is connected to the frame 3 by the type of a canister cover and can be moved relative to the frame 3 by hydraulic cylinders 8. The control panel 1 can be connected to both the table and the frame of the machine, and also moved outside the machine itself; in the drawing, it is connected to the table. The driver’s place is covered from above by a visor that does not transmit the RO force to the roof of the mine. The layout of the machine is shown as an example. The number of BAUs and their installation locations are shown as an example.

The composition of each BAU: cutting crown 10, the rotator 11, the shaft of which is connected to the crown 10, one or more anchoring mechanisms 12 (Fig.3, 4), bolted together, with the rotator 11 and the rod 13 through the flanges 28 (Fig.5 , 6), a water supply sleeve 15 (Fig. 3) and a telescopic hydraulic cylinder for supplying a drill anchor, which has a cavity "for drilling" 34 and a cavity 36 "for removing" the rod.

The rod 13 has a cavity 27 hydraulically connected to the hydraulic line 26 through the sleeve 15. The hydraulic cylinder 19 has a hollow rod 20, through the cavity of which oil is supplied from the MHC 9 via the hydraulic line 35 to reduce the hydraulic cylinder, i.e. extraction from the well 21 of the drill anchor. The hydraulic cylinder 19 is rigidly connected to the rod 13 through an arm 14 having a rectangular hole with contact along the respective chamfers of the rod - it is ensured that it does not rotate during drilling of the well. The rod of the hydraulic cylinder 19 is rigidly connected (bracket 18, slots, bolt, nut) to the machine structure by means of a connection 17 and a rack 16 of a trough-shaped form. The cross-sectional shape of the rack 16 provides the direction of movement of the drill anchor; the rack is rigidly connected to the frame or table (figure 3, 4 shows the connection with the table 2).

The anchoring mechanism 12 consists of at least one anchoring rod 30 (Figs. 5, 6), pivotally using the axis 29 connected to the rod 13, the spring 31 and the piston 32. The piston 32 and the spring 31 are perpendicular to the axis of the bore 21. In this case, the piston end face the side of the open cavity 39 of the pipe 38, fixed in the bore 37 of the rod, is constantly washed with running water, which guarantees the absence of filling and increasing the reliability of the anchoring mechanism (in contrast to the anchoring mechanism in the prototype method). The head shoulder 40 of the rod 30 is brought into contact with the piston 32 with the possibility of centripetal deflection of the tail shoulder 41 in the presence of excessive water pressure in the cavity 27 of the rod 13; the tail shoulder 41 is spring-loaded relative to the rod with the possibility of its centrifugal movement in the absence of water pressure in the cavity 27. Instead of the piston 32, a diaphragm can be installed with the same functions. You can use a flat spring instead of a twisted spring.

The control system BAU (4 and 7) is simplified presented in Fig. 4, which shows the hydraulic lock 22 in the hydraulic reduction line of the hydraulic cylinder 19, the distributor 23 of the same hydraulic cylinder, where the position A corresponds to the downward feed of the drill-hole (for drilling the well) and the position B corresponds to the feed of the drill-anchor up (extraction), and the distributor 24, which is a pilot for the crane 25, controls the on-off supply of water to the cavity 27 (figure 5) of the rod 13. The rotator 11 is not structurally open, because 1) its construction is known, for example, from A.S. USSR 1523705, BI for 1989 No. 43 or from the specified article "New water engines ..."; 2) the subject of the invention, this design does not further characterize.

Work machines with drilling and anchoring units (BAU).

Light rifled machine with a working body (RO) 6 of selective action is ready to conduct development at step H (figure 1). When this rod 13 with cutting crowns 10 and rotators 11 (figure 3) BAU 4 and 7 are located above the working soil (figure 3); hydraulic cylinders 8 (figure 2) are apart; table 2 "lags" step H from frame 3.

Drilling RO.

Two BAU 4 drill wells into the soil of development. Drilling is accompanied by the supply of pressurized water through a hydraulic line 26 (Fig. 3, 4) to the cavity 27 (Fig. 5, 6) of the rods 13 and then to the flowing part of the hydraulic motor 11 - the crown 10 rotates. The water that has been discharged in the hydraulic motor carries the destruction products through the borehole 21 (figure 4) up. The downward feed of the rod is carried out by the hydraulic cylinder 19 at position A of the distributor 23 (cavity 34 of FIG. 3) while feeding the hydraulic cylinder from the MHC 9 via the hydraulic line 35. The feed takes place without rotation of the rod due to the fixing of the latter from the rotation in the bracket 14, which is rigidly connected to the hydraulic cylinder 19, whose rod is fixed against rotation in the bracket 18. The bracket 18 due to the connection 17 is part of the rigid structure of the guide 16, fixed rigidly to the table 2 (or frame 3).

During drilling, the piston 32 interacts with the head shoulder 40 of the anchoring rod 30, pressing its tail end 41 to the body of the rod. Provides unhindered well drilling. Unlike the prototype, the anchoring mechanism 12 (FIGS. 5, 6) with the piston 32 located perpendicular to the axis 33 of the rod and the well 21 does not have a blind annular cavity, and the end face of this piston is washed with water passing to the engine 11. Therefore, the pressing of the tail shoulder 41 of the rod 30 to the body of the rod 13 is guaranteed here.

At the end of the drilling process, shut off the valve 25 water supply to the cavity 27 of the rod. Under the action of a spring 31 installed perpendicular to the axis of the well, the tail shoulder 41 of the rod 30 is rotated on a hinge 29 and comes into force contact with the wall of the well. In contrast to the prototype method, where the supply hydraulic cylinder is turned off at that moment and alternating dynamic loads on the rod cause the machine to move in a vertical plane to the play, corresponding to the course of the anchoring rod to penetrate into coal - to exit from contact with coal, i.e. to lose stability and performance, in the proposed method to ensure anchoring, the supply hydraulic cylinder 19 is not turned off, but is set to remove the rod by switching the distributor 23 to position B, while the oil flows through the hydraulic line 35 into the cavities 20 and 36 of the hydraulic cylinder 19 through the hydraulic lock 22.

Dynamic loads up, as in the prototype, force the rod 30 to penetrate into the coal mass, but unlike the prototype, “play” does not appear, since the rod 13 is always pulled up. The absence of the specified "backlash" and achieved the first time a positive effect.

Relatively anchored frame 3 by reducing the hydraulic cylinders 8 serves table 2 with PO 6 to the bottom to the depth of the ledge H, controlling from the console 1.

Then, using BAU 7, a well is drilled under table 2 (in the manner and with the features described during operation of BAU 4) and the table 2 is anchored. Note that the number of anchoring mechanisms 12 is not limited by this application; they can be recruited due to flanges 28 or otherwise (e.g. using thread).

Face processing

Since the frame 3 and table 2 are pulled to the soil with the help of BAU 4 and 7, the machine is ready for stable (positive effect) processing of the ledge with a depth of N. In the usual way, i.e. using the swing cylinders of the boom RO in two planes (not shown) and the RO driven by the hydraulic motor 5, they process the face. The transport of rock mass, dust suppression and cooling of the tool is carried out with water spent in the hydraulic motor 5.

Relocation of the car to a new position

Remove BAU 4. For this, in the prototype method, it was necessary to supply water to the cavity 27 of the rod 13 and turn on the feed to remove the rod. But when rods 30 are inserted into the coal array, the annular pistons in the chambers with the bayonet may not ensure that the rods come out of contact with this array, therefore, by supplying the rod for “extraction”, the anchoring element will work like a cutter, and the rod cannot be removed.

In the proposed method, for reliable extraction of the BAU rods 4, it is necessary to use a crane 25 (setting the pilot distributor 24 to position A) to supply water to their cavities 27 and simultaneously supply oil through position A of the distributor 23 (as for drilling) - the rods will go down, the rods 30 will come out from "meshing" with the walls of the wells and will be pressed against the body of the rods. Since the cutting crowns 10 rotate, a small deepening of the well may occur. Now you can remove the BAU 4 rods, but you cannot turn off the water in this case, so as not to bring the corresponding rods 30 into contact with the walls of the well — a positive effect is achieved a second time.

The hydraulic cylinders 8 are turned on for sliding - the frame 3 moves forward by step H relative to the table 2 previously previously anchored using the BAU 7.

Drill two wells 21 under the frame 3 using BAU 4 and anchor the frame as described above; as a result, the machine is prepared for working off the next step N.

The face is processed along its entire surface to the depth of the N. ledge. Dynamic loads in the vertical and horizontal plane are transmitted to the drill anchors, which ensure that the machine is held in a predetermined position.

The above description allows us to consider the claimed method as new and useful, in connection with which we declare and ask for a patent for "Method of holding a mining machine in a predetermined position" according to the attached claims.

Claims (1)

A method of holding a tunneling machine in a predetermined position when practicing a single step with a working body, including preparatory drilling operations with flushing wells into the production soil using several hollow rods with cutting crowns, anchoring the boring machine into the walls of drilled wells using spring-piston mechanisms available on hollow rods with an anchoring element without removing the hollow rods from the wells, and a new ledge is worked out after removing these rods, characterized in that after anchoring the passage In the case of a machine, the anchoring element is held during the working out of the step by tensioning the hollow rod in the absence of water pressure in its cavity, and before removing the hollow rod, the anchoring element is first brought out of contact with the borehole wall by moving the rod to the bottom while supplying water under pressure to its cavity, the piston mechanism acts on the anchoring element perpendicular to the wall of the well, then the rod is removed, after which the sinking machine is moved by the step size and the operations on it are repeated neigh in a given position.

Images