RU2276219C2 - Method for fish arresting screen forming and fish protective device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic building, particularly protection young fish against passage in water intake structures and fish protection devices included in water intake structures.

SUBSTANCE: method involves installing artificial synthetic algae grouped in vertical rows across waterway and fixing the rows to waterway bottom; forming screen along waterway depth in several layers so that the first layer is arranged at waterway bottom and each next layer is offset in water intake direction. The screen has strength, which increases from bottom layer by including additional vertical algae rows in each layer.

EFFECT: creation of effective conditions, which provide young fish removal from zone of water intake structure influence.

19 cl, 23 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and in particular to methods, structures and devices designed to protect juvenile fish from getting into water intake structures.

A known method of forming a fish-retaining screen [1], which consists in installing flexible elastic elements in a vertical state throughout the depth of the stream, by supplying compressed air.

The disadvantage of this method is the weak power of the screen, namely its permeability to juvenile fish.

A known method of forming an elastic screen [2], which consists in installing branching structures in the cross section of the channel, through the use of weights and floats.

The disadvantage of this method is its unacceptability for fish protection.

The closest in technological essence and the final result achieved is the method of forming a fish-retaining screen [3], which consists in the fact that the fish-retaining screen is formed across the watercourse by installing synthetic algae in the form of vertical rows formed along the depth of the watercourse.

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of fish protection, due to the low power of the fish-retaining screen.

A fish protection device [2] is known, including a fish-retaining screen installed across the supply channel formed by branching structures having loads and floats for normal installation of structures with respect to the flow.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of protection and removal of juvenile fish from the zone of influence of the water intake front.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a fish protection device [3], including a fish-retaining screen mounted across the watercourse and formed from synthetic algae made in vertical rows.

The disadvantage of this fish protection device is the low efficiency of fish protection, since the concentration of juvenile fish in the direction of the surface of the water increases, and it has the potential to penetrate the water intake.

The aim of the invention is to create effective conditions for the detention and removal of juvenile fish outside the zone of influence of water intake.

The invention consists in the following.

According to claim 1 of the claims. The formation of a fish-retaining screen of synthetic algae with the arrangement of screen sections in tiers and the displacement of each upper tier towards the water intake allows creating effective conditions for the retention of juvenile fish. To increase the effectiveness of the screen, at each higher tier, the number of vertical rows of algae in the screen is increased, which increases the power of the screen in the direction of the surface of the water. This circumstance allows preventing the penetration of juvenile fish into the water intake.

According to claim 2 of the claims. The implementation of the fish-retaining screen in the form of autonomous screens allows you to more evenly distribute the fish-bearing load from the effects of juvenile fish, which is experiencing a fish protection device. In addition, as already mentioned above, an increase in the number of vertical rows of algae on each upper tier allows increasing the power of the fish-retaining screen and preventing juvenile fish from entering the water intake.

According to claim 3 of the claims. The implementation of synthetic algae from a material with a specific gravity lower than the specific gravity of water allows you to form a fish-retaining screen by attaching algae to horizontal bases. At the same time, due to their buoyancy, algae hold a vertical position and form a screen.

According to claim 4 of the claims. Performing synthetic algae with a specific gravity, a large specific gravity of water and installing them with the orientation of their free ends to the bottom of the watercourse, allows you to get a modification of the screen, while the free ends of the algae hang freely, under their own weight, forming a fish-retaining screen.

According to claim 5, claims. Fulfillment of the bases of the longlines, except for the bottom, to which synthetic algae are attached in the form of hollow baskets, and the connection of their internal space with the fish drain allows efficient removal of young fish outside the zone of influence of water intake. This is facilitated by the perforation of the surface of the boxes, facing the bottom of the reservoir, which forms the fish-receiving holes.

According to claim 6, claims. The implementation of the internal space of baskets with longitudinal partitions forming autonomous fish drainage channels allows to increase the efficiency of removal of juvenile fish, by reducing its trauma and concentration inside hollow baskets.

According to claim 7 of the claims. Fulfillment of the bases to which synthetic algae are attached, perforated, can reduce the resistance to the ascending water flow lines, as well as provide unhindered passage of young fish (meaning the young fish that still penetrated the inner space of the fish-retaining screen) to the surface of the watercourse where it enters into the coverage area of an upstream standalone screen.

According to claim 8 of the claims. The execution of the bases, to which the synthetic algae is attached, in the form of a trellised frame, is a special case of perforation of the bases of tiers and the simplest version of the design.

According to claim 9, the claims. Performing longitudinal partitions on the base planes, to which synthetic algae are attached, facing the surface of the water, and setting them perpendicular to the bases, allows you to form a kind of shelter for the young fish, once the young fish are caught, they not only delay for an indefinite period of time, but also have the opportunity to actively move in the direction of the fish drain (if it is available in this layout of the RPD). In addition, the longitudinal partitions form several longitudinal channels, which increases the likelihood of fish fry entering them.

According to claim 10 of the claims. The perforated longitudinal partitions make it possible to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the transit flow, and also provides minimal flow in the channels formed in the space between the longitudinal partitions.

According to claim 11, the claims. The implementation of tiers, from the side of the water surface equipped with synthetic algae, made of a material with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of the water, allows you to get a more powerful fish-retaining screen. In addition, in this embodiment, the surface of the base of the tiers is rationally used.

According to paragraph 12 of the claims. The implementation of the base of the tiers in the form of hollow baskets communicating with the fish drain allows you to effectively transport juvenile fish outside the zone of influence of water intake. The implementation of the internal spaces of the hollow baskets separated by a horizontal waterproof partition allows you to get two independent autonomous compartments for separate transport of juvenile fish to the fish outlet. In this case, the upper compartment transports juvenile fish that have fallen from the side of the water surface through the perforated cover, and the lower compartment transports juvenile fish coming from the bottom of the watercourse through its perforated bottom.

According to item 13 of the claims. The implementation of boxes equipped with flow stabilizers, made in the form of longitudinal partitions installed perpendicular to the horizontal surface of the boxes, allows you to increase the hydraulic resistance of the transit stream, as well as redirect the young fish to the upper layers of the stream, where it is delayed by synthetic algae.

According to claim 14. The implementation of stabilizers on one side of the ducts is a design option.

According to clause 15 of the claims. The implementation of stabilizers on both sides of the boxes is also a design option. In this case, we have the most powerful option for creating additional resistance to the transit flow, which to a large extent contributes to the retention of juvenile fish.

According to clause 16 of the claims. The performance of the stabilizers perforated provides the necessary flow rate relative to the horizontal surface of the bases of the boxes.

According to claim 17. The implementation of stabilizers, fixed in the middle of the horizontal surfaces of the boxes, provides a uniform effect of stabilizers on the hydraulic structure formed inside the fish-retaining screen.

According to claim 18. The implementation of stabilizers installed at an acute angle to the surface of the boxes, allows you to form an ascending line of currents directed to the upper tier of the fish-retaining screen. This, in turn, makes it possible to increase the efficiency of transporting juvenile fish to the surface horizons of the stream, where the capacity of the fish-retaining screen is higher due to the installation of additional vertical rows of synthetic algae and, accordingly, the efficiency of fish protection is higher.

According to claim 19 of the claims. The implementation of stabilizers, the free end of which, on the supply channel side, is equipped with an additional partition wall, fixed at an angle of 90 degrees to the plane of the stabilizers, can improve the modulation efficiency of the ascending current lines, due to the creation of additional hydraulic resistance. In addition, an additional partition generates turbulent pulsations of the flow, perceiving which, young fish will try to leave the zone of location of the fish-retaining screen.

The solution to this problem is achieved by implementing a new method of forming a fish-retaining screen and creating a new design of a fish protection device. Graphic material that explains the essence of the invention is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 - fish protection device, a longitudinal section, a variant with synthetic algae, fixed to the surface of the bases from the surface of the watercourse;

figure 2 is the same, a variant with synthetic algae made of a material with a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of water;

figure 3 - fish protection device, a longitudinal section, a variant with synthetic algae, fixed to the surface of the bases, made in the form of hollow boxes, the bottom of which is perforated;

figure 4 is a fragment of the tier of the screen, an embodiment of the bases in the form of hollow boxes with a perforated bottom;

5 is a fragment of the tier of the screen, an embodiment of the bases in the form of hollow boxes with a perforated bottom. The internal cavity of the baskets is divided by longitudinal partitions forming autonomous fish branches;

6 is a layout of the tier with the base in the form of a horizontal surface with fixed synthetic algae made of material with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of water;

Fig.7 is the same, the base is made of a lattice frame;

Fig.8 is the same, the base is equipped with longitudinal partitions forming autonomous fish branches, synthetic algae are made of material with a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of water;

Fig.9 - the same lattice frame is equipped with longitudinal partitions forming autonomous fish channels, synthetic algae are made of material with a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of water;

figure 10 is a fragment of the screen, isometry, according to Fig;

11 - the same, the longitudinal partitions are perforated;

Fig - fish protection device, a variant of the bilateral fastening of synthetic algae;

Fig - the same, a fragment of the screen, a variant of the bilateral fastening of synthetic algae relative to the bases, made in the form of hollow boxes, separated by a horizontal partition;

Fig.14 is the same, the hollow box is equipped with a flow stabilizer mounted on the lid of the box;

Fig - embodiment of a hollow duct equipped with a flow stabilizer installed on the side of its bottom;

16 is an embodiment of a hollow duct equipped with flow stabilizers mounted on both horizontal surfaces of the duct;

Fig is the same, isometry;

Fig. 18 is a fish protection device, plan;

Fig. 19 is a cross-section AA, a view of the water outlet of the hollow ducts;

Fig.20 is a fragment of a stand-alone screen equipped with stabilizers installed at an acute angle to the surface of the base;

Fig.21 is the same, the base is made in the form of a lattice frame;

Fig is a fragment of a stand-alone screen equipped with stabilizers installed at an acute angle to the surface of the base, equipped with an additional partition;

Fig - the same, in the case of the base in the form of a lattice frame.

The fish protection device includes a fish-retaining screen 1 mounted across the watercourse 2 and formed from synthetic algae made in vertical rows. The fish-retaining screen 1 is made of autonomous screens 3, placed in tiers 4 along the depth of the watercourse 2 with the displacement of each higher tier 4 towards the intake 5, while the number of vertical rows of algae on each tier 4 increases from the lower tier 4 to the upper.

In addition, synthetic algae 6 can be made of a material with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of water.

In addition, synthetic algae 7 can be made of a material with a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of the water, and installed with the orientation of its free ends to the bottom of the watercourse 2.

In addition, the bases of 8 tiers 4, in addition to the bottom, to which synthetic algae are attached, can be made in the form of hollow baskets 9, the inner space of which communicates with the fish branch 10, while the surface of the baskets 9, facing the bottom of the watercourse 2, can be perforated with the formation of fish receiving holes 11.

Besides. the inner space of the boxes 9 can be made with longitudinal partitions 12 forming autonomous fish branches 13.

In addition, the bases 8 to which the synthetic algae 6 and 7 are attached can be perforated.

In addition, the base 8, to which the synthetic algae 6 and 7 are attached, can be made in the form of a trellised frame.

In addition, the planes of the bases 8, to which the synthetic algae 6 and 7 are attached, facing the surface of the water, can be provided with longitudinal partitions 14 mounted perpendicular to the bases 8.

In addition, the longitudinal partitions 14 may be perforated.

In addition, tier 4, from the side of the water surface, can be equipped with synthetic algae 6 with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of water.

In addition, the base 8 of the tiers 4 can be made in the form of hollow boxes 9, communicating with the fish outlet 10, while the internal spaces of the boxes 9 can be divided by a horizontal waterproof partition 15, dividing the boxes 9 into two autonomous compartments 16, the bottom of the lower compartment 16 and the cover of the upper compartment 16 may be perforated.

In addition, the boxes 9 can be equipped with flow stabilizers made in the form of longitudinal partitions 14 mounted perpendicular to the horizontal surface of the boxes 9.

In addition, stabilizers can be located on one side of the boxes 9.

In addition, stabilizers can be located on both sides of the boxes 9.

In addition, the stabilizers can be made perforated.

In addition, the stabilizers can be fixed in the middle of the horizontal surfaces of the boxes 9.

In addition, the stabilizers can be installed at an acute angle to the surface of the boxes 9.

In addition, the free end of the stabilizers, from the side of the supply channel 17, can be provided with an additional partition 18, fixed at an angle of 90 degrees to the plane of the stabilizers.

A fish-retaining screen 1 is installed across the inlet channel 17. The water purified from juvenile fish and debris enters the intake 5.

The method of forming a fish-retaining screen is as follows.

To ensure fish protection at the intake 5, the operation service forms a fish-retaining screen 1 in a belt of synthetic algae, with the location of the first tier 4 at the bottom of the watercourse 2. Moreover, each subsequent upstream tier 4 is shifted towards the intake 5, and, starting from the bottom tier 4, on each subsequent upstream tier 4 increase the power of the fish-retaining screen 1 by installing additional vertical rows of synthetic algae, increasing the thickness and, accordingly, the power of the fish-holding 1 st screen.

Fish protection device operates as follows.

The operation service of the water intake structure exposes the fish-retaining screen 1, thereby blocking the watercourse 2, thus dividing it into the supply channel 17 and water intake 5. Young fish under the influence of the transit flow of the supply channel 17 is carried to the fish-retaining screen 1, where it is concentrated near its working surface and delayed by it, thereby preventing its slope into the intake 5. Young fish caught in the screen 1 has the ability to exit from it in the direction of the water surface, since the upper part of the 3 of the screen there are no synthetic algae. In addition, since the height of the stand-alone screen 3 (FIG. 1) is small, the degree of darkening of the fish-retaining screen 1 is not high and, all of it is very well lit by sunlight, juvenile fish have the opportunity to move to the surface of watercourse 2.

Possible operation of the device, when the synthetic algae 6 is made of a material with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of water. In this case, synthetic algae 6 are attached with their lower end to the bases 8 (Fig. 1), forming standalone screens 3 in tiers 4. In this case, the bases 8 contribute to the creation of darkened areas that young fish try to avoid, which increases the efficiency of the fish holding screen 1.

Possible operation of the device, when the synthetic algae 7 is made of a material with a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of water. In this case, the algae 7 with their upper end is attached to the bases 8 (Fig. 2), forming autonomous screens 3 in tiers 4. In this case, the bases 8 also contribute to the creation of dark areas that the young fish try to avoid, which increases the efficiency of the fish holding screen 1.

The implementation of the bases 8 in the form of hollow baskets 9 having a perforated bottom, allows you to combine the delay of the juvenile fish with its simultaneous diversion into the fish outlet 10. Due to the presence of fish receiving holes 11 (Fig. 3), the juvenile fish that have passed through the autonomous screens 3 fall into the inner spaces of the hollow boxes 9 and then discharged into the fish outlet 10 (Fig. 18). To increase the efficiency of removal of juvenile fish, the hollow boxes 9 can be provided with longitudinal partitions 12, dividing the internal cavity of the boxes 9 into autonomous fish branches 13 (Fig. 5).

A possible embodiment of the bases 8 in the form of a lattice frame (Fig.7). In this case, the young fish has the potential for vertical movement from one stand-alone screen 3 to another. In addition, in addition to ensuring vertical flow, the lattice frame of the base 8 somewhat reduces the darkening created by the bases 8.

A possible variant of the device when the base 8 is equipped with flow stabilizers, made in the form of longitudinal partitions 14 mounted on the plane of the bases 8 (Fig.8, 9 and 10). The stabilizers can be made perforated (11). Flow stabilizers can increase the hydraulic resistance of the transit flow and at the same time form ascending current lines, when young fish get into the overlying horizons of watercourse 2. Alternatively, it is possible to tilt stabilizers installed at an acute angle to the surface of the bases 8 (Figs. 20 and 21) . To strengthen the resistance to transit flow, the free end of the stabilizers can be equipped with additional longitudinal partitions 18 mounted at an angle of 90 degrees to the plane of the stabilizers. In this case, the partitions 18 generate turbulent pulsations of the stream, perceiving which the young fish tend to escape from adverse hydraulic conditions and leave the zone of location of the fish-retaining screen 1 (Figs. 22 and 23).

A possible embodiment of the device is when the hollow boxes 9 are separated by a horizontal partition 15, forming two autonomous compartments 16, into which young fish enter through the fish receiving holes 11 (Fig. 13). From compartments 16, juvenile fish are transported to fish outlet 10 (Fig. 13). With this option, algae 6 with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of the water is installed in the upper part of the boxes 9, and algae 7 with a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of the water are installed from the bottom of the base 8. Thus, a combined fish-retaining screen is formed 1. To increase the efficiency of the device, the hollow boxes 9 can be equipped with flow stabilizers (Fig. 14), which are in various combinations (on top of the hollow boxes 9, below the hollow boxes 9, on both sides of the hollow boxes 9) can be installed relative to the horizontal surfaces of the boxes 9 (Fig.14, 15 and 16). To ensure flow along the stabilizers, they can be perforated (Fig.17).

The proposed fish protection device allows simple and affordable means in the conditions of migration of juvenile fish to draw water without causing environmental damage to the reservoir. In addition, the main components of the fish-retaining screen, flexible elastic elements (synthetic algae), imitate aquatic vegetation, that is, the natural habitat of juvenile fish in which it is used to inhabit. As a merit of the present invention, it should be noted the successful layout of the screen, made in tiers with the displacement of each tier towards the intake, which increases the likelihood of juvenile fish from each stand-alone screen towards the surface of the water.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR No. 1707128 (USSR). IPC E 02 B 8/08. "Fish protection device of the water intake structure". Authors: Chistyakov A.A., Fomenko V.A., Cherkasov V.A. and Skin V.N. Publ. 01/23/92. BI No. 3, 1992.

2. A.S. USSR No. 1546546 (USSR). IPC E 02 B 8/02. "A method of purifying water from sediment in an open watercourse." Author: Shabrin A.N. Publ. 02/28/90. BI No. 8, 1990.

3. Vdovin Yu.I., Anisimov A.V., Simakin V.I., Cordon M.Ya., Volkov V.N. and Lushkin I.A. Filtering fish protection structures and communal and industrial water intakes. Penza-Ukhta, 2002.p. 48, fig. 1.11 (g).

Claims (19)

1. The method of forming a fish-retaining screen, which consists in the fact that the fish-retaining screen is formed across the watercourse by installing synthetic algae in the form of vertical rows formed along the depth of the watercourse, characterized in that the screen along the depth of the watercourse is formed in tiers with the location of the first tier at the bottom, each upstream tier is shifted towards the intake, and, starting from the bottom tier, on each subsequent tier, the capacity of the fish-retaining screen is increased by installing additional distinct vertical rows of algae. 2. Fish-protecting device of the intake structure, including a fish-retaining screen mounted across the watercourse and formed of synthetic algae made in vertical rows, characterized in that the fish-retaining screen is made of self-contained screens placed in tiers along the depth of the watercourse with the displacement of each upper tier towards the water intake, this number of vertical rows of algae on each tier increases from the lower tier to the upper. 3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the synthetic algae is made of material with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of water. 4. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the synthetic algae are made of material with a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of the water, and are installed with the orientation of their free ends to the bottom of the watercourse. 5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the bases of the tiers, except for the bottom, to which synthetic algae are attached, are made in the form of hollow boxes, the inner space of which is communicated with a fish outlet, while the surface of the boxes facing the bottom of the watercourse is perforated to form fish receiving holes. 6. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the inner space of the boxes is made with longitudinal partitions forming autonomous fish channels. 7. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the bases to which the synthetic algae are attached are perforated. 8. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the bases to which the synthetic algae are attached are made in the form of a trellised framework. 9. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 7 and 8, characterized in that the planes of the bases to which the synthetic algae are attached, facing the surface of the water, are provided with longitudinal partitions mounted perpendicular to the bases. 10. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the longitudinal partitions are perforated. 11. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that the tiers from the side of the water surface are equipped with synthetic algae with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of the water. 12. The device according to p. 11, characterized in that the base of the tiers are made in the form of hollow boxes communicating with the fish outlet, while the internal spaces of the boxes are separated by a horizontal waterproof partition dividing the boxes into two autonomous compartments, with the bottom of the lower compartment and the cover of the upper compartment perforated. 13. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the ducts are equipped with flow stabilizers made in the form of longitudinal partitions mounted perpendicular to the horizontal surface of the ducts. 14. The device according to p. 13, characterized in that the stabilizers are located on one side of the ducts. 15. The device according to p. 13, characterized in that the stabilizers are located on both sides of the boxes. 16. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 13-15, characterized in that the stabilizers are perforated. 17. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 13-16, characterized in that the stabilizers are fixed in the middle of the horizontal surfaces of the boxes. 18. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 9 and 10, characterized in that the stabilizers are installed at an acute angle to the surface of the ducts. 19. The device according to p. 18, characterized in that the free end of the stabilizers on the side of the supply channel is equipped with an additional partition fixed at an angle of 90 ° to the plane of the stabilizers.

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