RU2275772C1 - Hand-held tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hand-held equipment used for performing of various earth works in the garden, under restricted conditions in mines and underground, and also for performing archeological, geological and rescue excavations.

SUBSTANCE: hand-held tool has spade or fork blade with foot stops, shank and asymmetric fork wherein rotary handle is detachably secured. Shank is made in the form of cylindrical pipe which is bent so as to allow user's foot to rest upon bent portion thereof, and is rigidly secured to blade. Foot stops provided on blade are bent upward. Shank and blade are manufactured from stainless steel.

EFFECT: convenient operation, simplified construction, increased resistance of curved part of shank against lateral forces acting upon it, minimal usage of material and wider range of applications.

6 dwg

Description

The invention is intended to perform various earthworks: in the garden and in the garden, in cramped conditions of slaughter in mines or subways, in archaeological excavations, in geological and rescue parties.

A special shovel is known (US 5120098 A, class A 01 B 1/02, 09/09/1992), which contains a blade, bracket, tulle and stalk. The canvas, bracket and tulle are made of a single sheet blank. The bracket has a box-shaped rigid shape and performs a supporting function when lifting the formation. The handle is bent forward and has a variable shape. The lower part of the handle has a rectangular shape, which then turns into a round one. The rectangular shape of the handle increases the moment of resistance of the handle and serves as a powerful lever for tearing off the formation.

However, the known design can only be used on heavy soils and in special works.

Known for the shovel and pitchfork bent in the middle part, invented by the designers of the Swedish company Norbergs Redskap and Soviet innovators (see the journal "Science and Life" No. 7 and No. 11, 1989 under the heading "On the garden plot"). According to the recommendations of ergonomic biomechanics, such cuttings allow you to work not only with the muscles of the hands, but also with more powerful muscles of the legs and back. However, the central position of the handle does not allow the axial force of the leg to be applied and thereby violates the well-known rule of the lever: “the lever is in equilibrium when the forces acting on it are inversely proportional to the shoulders” (see Kikoin IK and Kikoin AK Physics. allowance for the 8th grade of high school, "Enlightenment", M., 1971, p.174-175. Fig. 150).

This violation causes a loss of muscle effort when deepening the shovel blade of 2-4 kgf in each cycle. Measurements were obtained using a spring balance. It was established by experience that approximately 75 cycles should be done per 1 m ^{2 of} field. Therefore, the loss of muscle effort per 1 m ² field depending on the soil (light, heavy) will be equal to 150-300 kgf.

Known shovel (RU 2171020 C1, class A 01 B 1/02, 07/27/2001), which contains the canvas, tulle, bracket, handle and handle. The shovel shoulder is fixed to the bracket with a wide base. The shank has a conical shape. A removable rotary handle is fixed on the thin end of the handle by means of a symmetrical fork.

The specified shovel for most of the similar features is the prototypes of the proposed device.

A disadvantage of the known design is that when transferring a mixture of gravel with sand, the bracket of the shovel does not withstand the existing lateral loads and requires strengthening the strength of the curved part of the shovel. When digging garden plots with different soils (heavy, light) paired with a shovel, forks are often used. Forks are also used when harvesting potatoes, carrots, and beets, therefore, by the nature of the similarity of work, it is logical to use two homogeneous objects in the unit: a shovel and a pitchfork.

The objective of the invention was to increase the strength of the curved part of the handle to the existing lateral loads with minimal material consumption, which expands the scope of the device and the maximum use of the structural elements of the device for forks.

The essential features of the invention are:

- the curved shape of the handle from a thin-walled pipe made of light and strong metals (titanium alloy, stainless steel);

- the shovel blade is made of light and strong metals (titanium alloy, stainless steel);

- the curved construction of the shovel (handle, handle, bracket) is applicable to the pitchfork;

- minimum number of welds.

The technical result from the use of the device:

- increased strength of the main node of the handle of the shovel (pitchfork). Provided corrosion resistance of the device;

- under the influence of attraction to the Earth, the curved construction of the handle provides a stable horizontal position of the blade (shovels, pitchforks) and support, which is very important when carrying soil, seedlings and other objects;

- maximum unification of elements, taking into account the suitability for both a shovel and a pitchfork. Formed foot platform that provides digging with forks;

- reduced number of welds (one instead of three);

- the synthesis of shovels and bayonet shovels allows you to trim weed vegetation in the zone of easy reach of the working motor field (see GOST 22269-76 p.2.1);

- simplified device design, reduced the number of elements by two units.

This is achieved by the fact that in a hand tool containing a blade of a shovel or pitchfork with stops for the foot, a handle and an asymmetric fork in which a removable, rotary handle is fixed, according to the invention, the handle is made in the form of a cylindrical pipe, which is curved with the possibility of support on its bent part foot, and is rigidly fixed to the canvas, and the leg supports on the canvas are bent upward, and the handle and blade are made of stainless steel.

Figure 1 shows a shovel, side view; figure 2 is the same front view; figure 3 shows the attachment of the handle to the blade of the shovel, as well as to the forks with the conditional placement of the sole of the boot when deepening the canvases; figure 4 shows an asymmetric plug, top view; figure 5 shows a pitchfork, side view; figure 6 is the same front view.

The shovel (Figs. 1, 2) consists of a web 1, for example, of the type of a digging shovel without a shoulder, in which the leg supports are bent upwards, like a shovel. The canvas is made of titanium alloy or stainless steel. To the blade 1 at an angle of 10 °, as in garden shovels, the handle 2 is rigidly fixed in the form of a thin-walled curved pipe (40 × 1.5 mm in diameter) made of titanium alloy or stainless steel. A bend of approximately 175 mm in length is sufficient to accommodate the male sole (FIG. 3).

On the upper part of the handle 2, a metal plug 3 is rigidly fixed with threaded holes for screws 4 that hold the asymmetric fork 5. On the fork 5, using a smooth cylindrical rod 6 and screw 7, a removable rotating wooden handle 8 is attached (Fig. 4). The technical solution of most elements (handle, fork and handle) is also successfully applied to the pitchfork.

To do this, a metal stamping 9 of titanium alloy or stainless steel is rigidly fixed to the handle 2 at an angle of 10 ° (as in garden shovels) with 3 or 5 teeth without a sleeve (Figs. 5 and 6).

Work with a shovel (pitchfork), for example, in garden work is as follows.

Before using a shovel (pitchfork), the diameter of the handle is selected according to the brush of a particular person. The threaded connector 6 and 7 makes it easy to change the size of the handle 8 for each user. According to the laws of ergonomic biomechanics, the length of the handle, taking into account the growth of a particular person, should be in the optimal zone at a height from the shoulder to the elbow point or at a height of 910 ... 1580 mm (see Aruin A.S. and Zatsiorsky V.M. Ergonomic biomechanics. M .: Mechanical engineering, 1988, p.142).

A shovel blade is installed at a convenient angle of inclination of 10-12 ° to the vertical. In this case, the handle is placed vertically, thus reducing the amount of torso or squats working (if you work according to known technology with lifting the formation with a shovel). After that, the right leg is installed along the centerline of the handle 2 and, having stepped the sole on the canvas with shovels and the handle, the canvas is buried in the ground. When the handle 8 moves toward itself, the formation breaks away from the monolith. When the formation is disconnected, the handle 8 is rotated on the rod 6. Then, the handle 8 is moved to the side and with its help the web 1 with the separated formation is turned to the side and the web 1 and the handle 8 are returned to their original position.

Since this method of work does not require the most difficult operation — lifting the formation, this greatly facilitates the work and allows you to perform all these operations, staying straight without bending and squats, without provoking the development of lumbar pain (see Aurin A.S. and Zatsiorskiy V .M. Ergonomic Biotechnology ". M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1989, p.99-110).

In addition, it is convenient and easy to dig holes with a shovel, clean irrigation ditches and seal the sides of the beds.

Claims (1)

A hand tool containing a cloth of a shovel or pitchfork with stops for the foot, a handle and an asymmetric fork, in which a removable, rotary handle is fixed, characterized in that the handle is made in the form of a cylindrical pipe, which is curved with the possibility of support on its bent part with the foot, and rigidly fixed to the canvas, and the foot rests on the canvas are bent up, and the handle and blade are made of stainless steel.

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