RU2275308C2 - Freight car two-axle bogie - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport; freight cars.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to rolling stock and it can be used in two-axle bogies of freight cars. Proposed bogie has overspring beam 1, side frames 2, spring suspension 4, friction wedges of vertical vibration dampers 3 and flat resilient cover plates with metal base placed on friction wedges. Overspring beam has apertures located symmetrically to longitudinal and cross axes of beam on which contact surfaces are found by means of which overspring beam rests on resilient cover plates. Support surfaces of side frames and adapters of cassette bearings are formed by four planes. Two resilient members are installed between support planes of side frames and each adapter. Said members consist of alternating layers of elastic material and bent metal plates.

EFFECT: improved reliability of bogie members.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rolling stock of railway transport and can be used in the construction of bogies for freight cars.

It is known (see SU 1733305, B 61 F 3/02, 1992) a two-axle bogie for freight cars, including a sprung beam supported on two side frames through spring suspension and spring-loaded dampers of vertical vibrations.

Friction wedges of vibration dampers have two working surfaces, one of which, vertical, interacts with the side frame, and the second, inclined, with the inclined surface of the nadresornoy beam. Side frames with their end openings are supported by axle boxes of wheel pairs.

This design of the trolley has the following disadvantages.

Due to the lack of suspension between the axle boxes and the side frames, the latter increase the unsprung mass of the trolley, which leads to an increase in impact on the railway track. Impact on the side frames leads to their low reliability.

Wheel pairs due to the clearances between the body and the side frame of the gaps can be moved along and across the axis of the trolley. The frictional forces resulting from this lead to intensive wear of the side frames.

The absence of elastic forces centering the axle boxes of the wheelsets relative to the frame of the trolley, leads to the fact that the tortuous movement of the wheelsets along the railway line causes the wagging of the carriage and the car as a whole at speeds over 70 km / h. The effect of wagging the car on the way leads to increased wear on wheels and rails, creates conditions for the rolling stock to leave the railway track and limits the use of the trolley at high speeds and axial loads.

When a car enters from a straight section of the track into a curve, the stiffness of spring suspension with friction wedges having two working surfaces is insufficient to maintain the rectangular outline of the truck in plan under the action of external forces. The frame of the trolley adopts a parallelogram configuration, which, together with the presence of gaps between the axle box body and the side frame, causes the wheelsets to deviate from the radial position and, as a result, intensive wear of the wheel flanges and the rails of the railway track.

Closest to the claimed invention is a biaxial trolley for freight cars, including a sprung beam resting on two side frames through spring suspension and spring-loaded dampers of vertical vibrations (see RU 2047521, B 61 P 3/02, 1995).

Friction wedges of vibration dampers have flat elastic polyurethane linings on their inclined surface.

Side frames through flat elastic elements rest on adapters of cassette bearings of wheel pairs.

This trolley uses spring suspension with a bilinear characteristic to improve the ride quality of the trolley under an empty wagon.

The design of the trolley provides a better perception of vertical loads, improves driving performance on straight sections of the track.

The drawback of the design of the truck is the intensive wear of wheel flanges and rails in the curved sections of the railway track due to the skew (mutual displacement) of the side frames and the insufficient rigidity of the truck in plan.

Thus, in the known designs of the trolleys, the radial arrangement of the axles of the wheelsets in the curved sections of the railway track is not provided, shock interactions of the elements of the truck, as well as the wheels of the truck with the rails of the railway track, are possible.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the reliability of the elements of the cart, as well as more effective interaction of the cart with the rails of the railway tracks.

The technical result is achieved in that in a biaxial bogie for freight wagons, containing a sprung beam, supported by the ends on two side frames through spring suspension, including spring-loaded friction wedges of vertical vibration dampers, and interacting with these spring-loaded friction wedges through flat elastic pads placed on the supporting plates the inclined surfaces of the friction wedges, according to the invention, the inclined interacting surfaces of the tension beams and wedges In the form of two planes with angles of inclination to the transverse axis of + γ and -γ, respectively, recesses are made on the planes of the friction wedge to accommodate the metal base of the elastic linings, consisting of a metal plate and a layer of elastic material, the supporting surfaces of the side frames and cassette bearings adapters are formed by four planes having opposite and pairwise equal angles of inclination α and β, respectively, to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the cart, between the supporting planes of the side frames and each of the adapters tanovleny two resilient member consisting of alternating layers of elastic material and bent metal plates with two reference planes having inclination angles + β and -β to the transverse axis of the carriage.

The angle between the two inclined support planes of the friction wedge interacting with the nadressornoj beam, 2γ can be equal to 90 °, and their line of intersection can be inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle of 45 °. The angle of inclination of the supporting surfaces of the side frames and adapters can be: α = 10 ... 25 ° to the longitudinal axis of the trolley, β = 0 ... 15 ° to the transverse axis of the trolley.

The installation of elastic pads on the supporting surfaces of the nadressornoj beam and the wedge, as well as elastic elements on the supporting surfaces of the side frame and adapters provides elastic spatial connections between the elements of the cart.

When external forces act on the trolley, for example, when the trolley enters the curves of the railroad tracks, the movement of the trolley elements among themselves within the design gaps is prevented by elastic spatial connections. These connections prevent the occurrence of shock loads in the elements of the truck, and also restore the rectangular shape of the truck, providing a radial arrangement of the axles of the wheelsets and reducing wear on the flanges of the wheels and rails in curves of railway tracks.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

- figure 1 shows a General view of the trolley for freight cars;

- figure 2 is a remote element of the connection node of the thrust beam with a friction wedge;

- figure 3 is a remote element of the node connecting the side frame with a pair of wheels;

- figure 4 - elastic lining of the friction wedge;

- figure 5 is a section of the connection node of the side frame with the axis of the wheelset;

- figure 6 - elastic elements of the connection of the side frame with the adapter of the wheel pair bearing;

- Fig.7 - the gaps in the connection of the side frame with the adapter of the wheel pair bearing.

The biaxial bogie for freight cars includes a sprung beam 1, supported by two ends on the side frames 2 through spring suspension 4 and friction wedges of spring-loaded vertical vibration dampers 3, interacting with them through elastic pads 5, consisting of a metal base 6 and a layer of elastic material that are placed on the support inclined surfaces 7 of the friction wedges 3. The nadressornoj beam 1 has openings 8 at each end, which are placed symmetrically to its longitudinal and transverse axes. The openings 8 include contact surfaces 9, by which the nadressornoj beam 1 rests on the elastic lining 5, creating together with them a bond, elastic in the direction of the normal and elastofriction in the direction of the tangent.

The supporting surfaces 7, on which the metal bases 6 of the flat elastic plates 5 are placed, are made in the form of two planes with an angle between them of 2γ (the angle of 2γ can be equal to 90 °), and their intersection line is inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle of 45 °.

The side frames 2 have axle openings 10, which are provided with liners 11 having four inclined supporting planes 12, with which the side frame 2 is supported by elastic elements 13. The elastic elements 13, in turn, are supported by the supporting planes 14 of the adapters 15, which are supported by the cassette bearing 16 of the wheel couples 17. The elastic elements 13 consist of alternating layers of elastic material and bent metal plates 18 with two planes 14, which they rest on the adapter 15 without the possibility of relative displacement, and two planes 12, on which lean side of the frame 2 without the possibility of relative displacement. The supporting planes 14 of the adapters 15 are parallel to the supporting planes 12 of the liners 11 and have opposite and pairwise equal angles of inclination α and β, respectively, to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the trolley. The angles of inclination of the reference planes can be: α = 10 ... 25 °, β = 0 ... 15 °. The axle box assembly is equipped with a safety device 19 restricting the relative vertical movements of the side frame 2 and the adapter 15.

The device operates as follows.

When the car moves along the railroad tracks, vertical and horizontal loads from the car body are transferred to the spring bar 1, from which they are transferred to the spring suspension 4. From the spring suspension 4, the load is transmitted through the side frame 2 to the axle of the wheel pair 17 through the inclined supporting surfaces 12, elastic elements 13, bearing surfaces 14 and adapters 15. From the wheelset 17, the load acts on the rails.

The elastic elements 13 between the adapters 15 and the side frames 2 provide a predetermined amount of stiffness in the longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions. Elastic flat pads 5 between the wedges 3 and nadressornoj beam 1 provide a bond that is elastic in the normal direction and elastofriction in the tangent direction.

When external forces act on the trolley, the movement of the side frame relative to the wheel pair within the longitudinal clearance D and the transverse clearance Zh, as well as the occurrence of shock loads and wear between them, is prevented by the spatial elastic elements 13 that center the wheel pairs relative to the frame of the trolley, providing a radial arrangement of the axles of the wheels steam and reduced wear of wheel flanges and rails in the curves of railway tracks and, in addition, reduce the impact on the track. The skewing of the trolley frame in plan is prevented by the elastic pads 5 between the nadressornoj beam 1 and the wedges 3, providing a stable movement of the car (without wobbling) in a straight line, which increases safety from derailment.

The introduction of elastic spatial relationships between the elements of the cart increases its reliability and durability in operation, increases its turnaround time.

Thanks to more efficient interaction between the trolley and the rails, the accelerations acting on the transported cargo are reduced, the driving safety is increased and the wear of the wheels and rails is reduced both in straight and in curved sections of railway tracks.

Claims (3)

1. Biaxial trolley for freight wagons, comprising a sprung beam supported on two side frames through spring suspension and spring-loaded friction wedges of vertical vibration dampers and interacting with said spring-loaded friction wedges through flat elastic pads placed on supporting inclined surfaces of friction wedges that the nadressornoj beam has at each end openings that are placed symmetrically to its longitudinal and transverse axes, on which are made contact surfaces by which the nadressor beam is supported on elastic pads to create a bond with them, elastic in the normal direction and elasto-frictional in the tangent direction, while the angles of inclination of the said interacting contact surfaces to the transverse axis are + γ and -γ, respectively, on the support inclined the surfaces of the friction wedge are made recesses to accommodate the metal base of the elastic linings, consisting of a metal plate and a layer of elastic material, the supporting surfaces of the side frames cassette bearings adapters are formed by four planes having opposite and pairwise equal angles of inclination α and β respectively to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the trolley, two elastic elements consisting of alternating layers of elastic material and bent metal plates are installed between the supporting planes of the side frames and each of the adapters with two supporting planes having angles of inclination + β and -β to the transverse axis of the trolley. 2. Trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the support inclined surfaces of the friction wedge, on which the metal base has elastic linings, 2γ equal to ^about 90, and their line of intersection is inclined to the horizontal surface at an angle of ^{45 °.} 3. Trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that the support plane parallel bearing surfaces adapters liners and have mutually opposite and equal angles of inclination α = 10 ... ²⁵ ° and β = 0 ... 15, respectively, ^of the longitudinal and transverse axes carts.

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