RU2275155C1 - Apparatus for separating seeds from cones - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering and forest industry, in particular, equipment for grinding of cones, extracting nuts from cones, cleaning and sorting of nuts.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has casing incorporating charging hopper, threshing drum with rifled surface made in the form of whips and shaft with screw, and two meshed drums for sorting out nuts into fractions. Apparatus is furnished with pulling chamber disposed between threshing and meshed drums. Pulling chamber has upper and lower partitions with cone receiving window and ground cone mass discharging window. Flat rubberized plates are immovably positioned in upper and lower parts, respectively, within gaps between windows. Three shafts with rubberized disks of different diameter mounted thereon are located within pulling chamber. On upper and intermediate shafts disks are arranged in staggered order, and on lower shaft disks are arranged at an angle to middle-row disks and to lower plates.

EFFECT: improved quality of grinding of cones and complete yield of seeds.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural and forestry engineering and is intended for crushing cones, extracting nuts from them, cleaning and sorting them.

A device for separating seeds from fruits is known, which is a rotating splitting sprocket mounted in a loading hopper mounted on a common shaft with the possibility of rotation in different directions of a perforated drum and auger, with pins spirally mounted on it, mounted in a casing, in the lower part of which a chute for the release of small debris and a chute for the removal of clean seeds (SU No. 182950, IPC A 23 N 5/04, publ. No. 12, 1966).

The disadvantage of this device is the incomplete selection of seeds from the fruit and a large number of damaged seeds.

A device is known for extracting pine nuts from cones, cleaning and sorting them, comprising a body with a conical threshing drum with a screw, under which reefs are made in the form of pests, and the screw is connected in series with two mesh drums, inside which screws with opposite windings are installed ( RU 2122334, IPC 6 A 23 N 5/00, publ. No. 33, 1998).

The disadvantage of this device is the incomplete crushing of cones and walnut extraction.

The invention solves the problem of expanding the technological capabilities of the device.

The technical effect is to improve the quality of crushing of cones and ensuring the complete exit of seeds from the destroyed cones, reducing damage to the seeds.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a device for separating seeds from cones, including a housing and a loading hopper installed therein, a threshing drum with a corrugated surface made in the form of pests, and a shaft with an auger, and two mesh drums for sorting nuts into fractions, according to the invention it is equipped with a top-lifting chamber installed between the threshing and mesh drums, while the top-lifting chamber has upper and lower partitions with windows for entering and exiting the crushed mass of cones into between the windows, flat rubber plates are fixedly mounted, respectively, at the top and bottom, and inside the top chamber there are three shafts with rubber disks of different diameters mounted on them, and on the upper and middle shafts the disks are staggered, and on the lower one they are mounted at an angle to the middle row discs and the lower plates.

With the passage of half-destroyed cones from the threshing drum between the rubberized disks of the top-lifting chamber, their additional destruction and active release of walnut occurs, and with the passage of mass between the disks installed at an angle in the lower part of the top-lifting chamber, due to the creation of an angular gap, the upper part of the cones is destroyed and complete allocation of a nut.

The drawing shows a device for isolating seeds from cones.

A device for separating seeds from cones contains a loading hopper 1, a conical threshing drum 2 with a corrugated surface made in the form of pests 3, and a screw 4 installed in the housing 5 and connected by a shaft 6 to a top-lifting chamber 7. On the shaft 6 in the top-lifting chamber 7 is installed screw 8. Inside the top-lifting chamber 7, the upper 9 and lower 10 partitions are installed, in which windows 11 are cut for the entry into it and the output of the crushed mass of cones. In the spaces between which flat rubber plates 12 are fixedly mounted, respectively, at the top and bottom. Inside the top-lifting chamber 7 there are three shafts 13, 14, 15 with rubber disks 16, 17 and 18 of different diameters mounted on them, with the disks on the upper and middle shafts placed in a checkerboard pattern, on the lower shaft 15, the disks 18 are installed at an angle to the disks of the middle row 17 and the lower stationary rubberized plates 12. In the lower part of the top-lifting chamber 7, a screw 20 is installed on the shaft 19. The top-lifting chamber 7 is installed between the thresher m 2 and a mesh drums 21 and 22, for sorting nuts. The auger 20 through the hole communicates with the mesh drums 21 and 22 having augers 23 and 24 with coils in opposite directions. A tray 25 is installed under the mesh drum 21 for sorting the nut into small fractions, and a tray 26 is installed under the mesh drum 22 for sorting the nut into large fractions. The mesh drum 22 has an opening for unloading husks (not shown in the drawing). The operation of the device provides an electric motor 27, which with the help of flexible gears 28, 29, 30 transmits torque to the shafts 6, 13, 14, 15 and 19.

A device for isolating seeds from cones works as follows. Cedar cones are poured into the loading hopper 1, from where they enter the gap between the conical threshing drum 2 and the casing 5, where they are crushed by pests 3. The ground mass containing the cones' skeletons, nuts and husks, enters with the help of the auger 8 into the top chamber 7. Through windows 11, the ground mass falls into the middle part of the top-lifting chamber 7, passing between the stationary rubberized plates 12 and installed in a chessboard, rubberized disks 16, 17 of different diameters, is additionally mixed, while non-fracturing nye remains of cones, then the whole mass undergoes additional processing between the angle setup rubberised wheels 18 and lower fixed plates 12, where the total destruction of cones. With the screw 20, the destroyed mass of cedar cones enters the fine mesh drum 21, where due to the reverse winding of the screw flange 23, the heap is thoroughly mixed, and the small nut passes through the mesh of the drum 21 to the tray 25. Next, the mass enters the mesh drum 22 of the large fraction, where when the drum rotates, the mass is mixed by the screw 24 and the large nut through the mesh of the drum 22 falls on the tray 26, and the litter and husk are ejected by the screw 24 from the drum 22 through the hole for unloading the husk.

This design expands the technological capabilities of the device, making it possible to more fully extract pine nuts from cones, sort them into fractions and significantly reduce the crushing of walnuts.

Claims (1)

A device for separating seeds from cones, including a housing and a loading hopper installed in it, a threshing drum with a corrugated surface made in the form of pests, and a shaft with an auger, and two mesh drums for sorting nuts into fractions, characterized in that it is provided between threshing and mesh drums with a top-lifting chamber, while the top-lifting chamber has upper and lower partitions with windows for entering and exiting the crushed mass of cones, are fixedly installed between the windows, respectively right at the top and bottom, flat rubberized plates, and inside the top-lifting chamber there are three shafts with rubber disks of different diameters mounted on them, with the disks on the upper and middle shafts staggered, and on the lower shafts at an angle to the middle row disks and lower plates .