RU2275016C1 - Irrigation pipeline for drop irrigation system, method for driving of farm machine for drop irrigation of planted seedlings and automatic system for driving of farm machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, agronomical amelioration in irrigated agriculture with the use of drop system.

SUBSTANCE: method involves driving farm machine including tractor and farm unit by providing ferromagnetic alloy strip on internal wall of one of irrigation pipelines for usage as trace indicator; for increasing signal level, applying ferromagnetic alloy to pipeline external wall or to internal and external wall junction site between adjacent water outlets; locating irrigation pipeline along rows of vegetable, berry and other crops; using system for automatic driving of farm machines. In case pipeline deviates from longitudinal axis of symmetry to the left or tractor combined with hitched farm machine deviates to the right, left-handed pole piece with normally open magnetically controlled contact approaches ferromagnetic alloy strip. Pole piece contacts close electric circuit to cause operation of actuating relay which moves slide valve to the left. Oil is delivered under pressure from pump into rotation mechanism. Tractor and farm machine are moved to the initial course by means of wheels. In case machine deviates from predetermined course to the left, pole piece with normally open magnetically controlled contact and actuating relay of rotation mechanism are caused to operate.

EFFECT: improved precision of driving farm machine owing to increased sensitivity of pipeline.

5 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to land reclamation in the cultivation of crops in irrigated agriculture using drip irrigation systems.

A water outlet with a flexible pipeline is known, including an elastic body installed in the pipe wall and attached to the edges of the water outlet, in which, in order to simplify installation and construction of the water outlet, the elastic body is attached to the edges, one of which is bent into the pipeline from the outside of it; in order to ensure the quenching of the energy of the irrigation jet, the elastic body is made in the form of a tee (SU, copyright certificate No. 378592. M.cl. A. Kovalev, S. A. Gusev. (USSR) - Application No. 1664041 / 30-15; Declared 05/31/1971, Publish. 04/18/1973, Bull. No. 19 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1973. - No. 19) .

The described water outlet in a flexible pipeline, despite the possibility of performing the technological process - drip irrigation, does not allow mechanized maintenance of the planted seedlings. The irrigation pipelines are cleaned after irrigation by hand.

There is a known water outlet made in the form of a piston installed in a hole in a pipeline, in which, in order to ensure a drip of liquid, it is equipped with a porous element that overlaps the pipeline opening and is pressed against the piston, for example, by means of a plate rigidly connected to it (SU, copyright certificate No. 471094. M.cl. A 01 G 25/02, B 05 B 1/20 Water outlet / V.V. Izyumov, N.V. Khruslov (USSR) - Application No. 1958077 / 30-15; Stated 08/21/1973 ; Publish. May 25, 1975; Bull. No. 19 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1975, No. 19).

The described pipeline has limited functionality.

A known irrigation pipe made of elastic material, in the walls of which water outlets are installed, in which, in order to ensure a constant flow rate with a varying pressure in the pipeline, each water outlet of the pipeline is made in the form of an elastic tube of elliptical cross-section and mounted between the walls of the pipeline connected by an overlap (SU, copyright certificate No. 207553. M.cl. A 01 G, F 02 B. Irrigation pipe / P.S. Sukach, A.B.Mikhailov (USSR) - Application No. 1065609 / 29-14; Stated 04/01/1966; publ. 22.12 .1967, Bull. No. 2).

The described irrigation pipeline made of elastic material, which we adopted as the closest analogue, has no means for driving agricultural units when caring for planted seedlings in the ground. The pipeline acts as a water outlet in drip irrigation systems. After irrigation, the pipelines are cleaned manually.

A known method of moving an agricultural unit in a spiral, in which, in order to ensure the performance of the unit by eliminating unprocessed sections of the field map, the movement in a spiral is carried out by turning the agricultural unit at the end of the rut by 90 ° (SU, copyright certificate No. 946427. M.cl. ³ A 01 B 79/04, A 01 B 69-04. The method of movement of an agricultural unit in a spiral / E. D. Didenko, V. G. Evtenko, A. I. Ivchenko, L. I. Yalinskaya (USSR) - Application No. 2759755 / 30-15; Published July 30, 1982, Bull. No. 28 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1982. - No. 28).

The disadvantages of the described method of moving the agricultural unit in relation to the problem we are solving include the impossibility of automating the process of driving the unit.

A known method of DIY guides for driving agricultural vehicles, including the formation in the soil of cracks with inclined walls, in which, in order to increase. operational reliability and reduce energy consumption, after formation, each gap is closed with loose soil with the formation of a ridge above it (SU, copyright certificate No. 1375153. A1. M.cl. ⁴ A 01 B 79/00, 69/02. Method of making guides for agricultural driving machines / L.S. Zenin, G.Ya.Sergeev, V.A. Prokhorov et al. (USSR) - Application No. 3808690 / 30-15; Announced on 11/5/1984; Published on 02/23/1988, Bull. // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1988. - No. 7).

The disadvantages of the described method of driving agricultural machines along the slots are the instability of the tractor due to the collapse of the walls and siltation of the cracks. When heavy rains fall, the cracks cease to function. In irrigated agriculture, the latter are unacceptable as a means of driving agricultural units.

A known method of driving an agricultural unit, including applying a follow-up indicator to the field surface and subsequent movement of the agricultural unit along equidistant follow-up rows, in which, in order to increase the productivity of processing complex irregular shaped fields with a constant working width due to a decrease in the number of turns of the implement, a geodetic is chosen as a follow-up field line having the greatest length (SU, Inventor's certificate №1482554. A1. M.kl. ⁴ A 01 B 69/04. A method for driving agricult Affiliations unit /S.P.Radzevich (USSR) - Application №4196186 / 30-15;. Zavyaleno 02/17/1987; Publ 30.05.1989, Bulletin №20 // Discoveries Inventions - 1989. - №20).....

The disadvantages of the described method of driving an agricultural unit, which we adopted as the closest analogue in terms of the complex invention, include low driving accuracy due to imperfections in the design of the track indicator.

A device is known for automatically driving a tractor in a circle in which, in order to expand the test conditions, a lever with a variable length is mounted on the remote bracket, and the guide block covers an additional cable connecting the bracket to the armature (SU, copyright certificate No. 246175. M.cl. A 01 B 69/04 A device for automatically driving a tractor in a circle / B.S. Yudin (USSR) - Application No. 1210474 / 30-15; Declared 12.01.68).

The disadvantages of the described mechanical device include driving the unit only in a circle, at best in a spiral. The tractor is tied to an anchor and cannot perform technological operations associated with the cultivation of crops.

A device for controlling the movement of a machine-tractor unit is known, comprising a master station consisting of a series-connected reference frequency generator controlled by a frequency of a microwave signal generator, a circulator and a transceiver antenna, a second input-output of a circulator connected to a receiver input, beat signal outputs at a subcarrier frequency and a reference signal of which is connected respectively to the inputs of the frequency and amplitude detectors, the output of the amplitude detector through series-connected first a pulse reducer and a phase shifter are connected to the input of the converter of the pulse repetition period to the frequency, the output of the frequency detector is connected to the input of the second pulse shaper, and an indicator, a repeater consisting of a reference frequency generator connected in series with a frequency of a microwave signal generator, a circulator and a transceiver antenna, the second input-output of the circulator is connected through a series-connected receiver, an amplitude detector and a frequency converter to the second input the frequency generator of microwave signals, in which, in order to improve the accuracy of controlling the movement of the machine and tractor unit, a control unit is introduced into the master station, the first and second information inputs of which are connected to the output of the second pulse shaper and to the output of the pulse-period converter in the frequency accordingly, the control input is with the output of the first pulse shaper, and the output widths and pass numbers with the corresponding indicator inputs, while the control unit consists of a trigger, a reverse counter, two registers, a subtracting counter, three keys, a block for setting the working width and a block for specifying the passage number, the signal input of the first key is the control input of the control unit, the output is connected to the first installation input of the trigger, the reset input of the reverse counter and the control input of the first register, and the control input - with the output of the subtracting counter and the control input of the second key, the signal input of which is the first information input of the control unit, and the output is connected to the control mu input of the second register, the reset input of the subtracting counter and the second installation input of the trigger, the output of which is connected to the control input of the third key, the information input of which is the second information input of the control unit, and the output is connected to the counting input of the reverse counter, the zeroing output of which is connected to its input switching to the summing mode and the counting input of the subtracting counter, and the signal output - with the signal input of the second register and the first input of the code comparison unit, the output of which It is connected to the input for switching the reversible counter to the subtraction mode, and the second input is with the output of the setting unit for the working width, the output of the setting unit for the passage number is connected to the signal input of the first register and is the output of the passage number of the control unit, the output of the second register is the output of the operating width and the output of the first register is connected to the signal input of the subtracting counter (SU, copyright certificate No. 1492501. A1. M.cl. ⁴ A 01 B 69/04. The control device for the movement of the machine-tractor unit / V.V. Kulikov, V.L. Frumovich, N.I. Dets, V.A. Gonostyrev (USSR). - Application No. 4127315 / 30-09; Claimed on 07/03/1986; Publ. 1989, Bull. 25).

The disadvantages of the described device include the complexity of the design.

A device for automatically driving self-propelled units is also known, comprising a sensor, an adder, a signal converter, an actuator and an analogue of a self-propelled unit, in which, in order to ensure stability in disturbances and to improve the quality of automatic driving in a straight line direction, it is equipped with an analogue of a self-propelled unit the centering adder and the calculator of the current average value of the input signal, while the latter is made in the form of a quantizer, blocks current averaging, shift units and an averaging adder, the output of the actuator being connected to the quantizer input and to the first input of the centering adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the averaging adder, and the shoots of the latter are connected to the outputs of the current averaging units, the first shoots of which are connected to the output of the executive mechanism, the second input of the first block of the current averaging is connected with the output of the quantizer, and the second inputs of other blocks of the current averaging through the blocks of shift are connected with the quantizer (SU, auto rskoe certificate №1001879. M.cl. ³ A 01 B 69/04. Device for automatic driving self-propelled units / G.M. Lavrov, R.A. Grokhovsky, G.N. Fainburd (USSR). - Application No. 3339581 / 30-15; Stated July 16, 1981; Publ. 07.03.1983, Bull. No. 9 // Discoveries. Inventions - 1983. - No. 9).

The disadvantages of the described device include limited functionality.

A known system for automatic driving of an agricultural unit, comprising ferromagnetic track indicators embedded under the arable layer of soil across the movement of the unit and an unit containing magnetically sensitive left and right turn sensors mounted on the unit along its movement sides, in a magnetic circuit of magnetic field sources with two extreme and one middle pole tips, and actuating relays of rotation mechanisms, in which, in order to improve the quality of soil cultivation during -parallel passages, it is equipped with one boundary indicator, arranged after the last transverse ferromagnetic follow-up indicators, on the outside of which there are inclined overlapping follow-up indicators, located opposite the turn of the unit, and the windings of the actuating relays of rotation mechanisms are included in the magnetic circuit of each magnetically sensitive sensor with self-locking in series with normally closed contacts of an adjacent magnetosensitive sensor, m the middle pole tip is made in the form of a wedge directed towards the movement of the unit, while the distance between the extreme pole tips exceeds the length of the inclined track indicators (SU, copyright certificate No. 1052179. A.M.cl. ³ A 01 B 69/04. System for automatic driving of an agricultural unit / O.I.Prokopov (USSR). - Application No. 3469378 / 30-15; Stated July 14, 1982; Publ. 07.11.1983, Bull. No. 41 // Discoveries. Inventions - 1983 .-- No. 41).

The disadvantages of the described system for automatic driving of an agricultural unit, which we adopted as the closest analogue, are the low efficiency of the system due to the low sensitivity of the track indicators and the imperfect design of the magnetically sensitive sensors of left and right turns.

The essence of the claimed invention

The problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of the drip irrigation system.

EFFECT: improved accuracy of driving an agricultural unit by increasing the sensitivity of the pipeline.

The specified technical result in the part of droppers is achieved by the fact that the irrigation pipe is made of elastic material of the drip irrigation system, in the walls of which each water outlet is installed in the form of an elastic tube of elliptical section, mounted between the lap walls of the pipeline, according to the invention, a strip of ferromagnetic is placed in the inner wall of the pipeline alloy; ferromagnetic alloy deposited on the outer wall of the pipeline; a ferromagnetic alloy is deposited at the junction between the inner and outer walls of the pipeline.

The specified technical result in terms of the method of driving an agricultural machine after laying out irrigation pipelines and carrying out mechanized maintenance in strips for cultivating and destroying weedy vegetation is achieved by the fact that in the known method of driving an agricultural machine, including applying a follow-up indicator on the field surface and the subsequent movement of the agricultural machine along an equidistant follow-up indicator rows, according to the invention, as the follower choose ny drip irrigation conduit system provided with a band of ferromagnetic alloy and arranged along rows of vegetable, fruit and others. Cultures.

The specified technical result in terms of devices for mechanization and automation of technological processes is achieved by the fact that in the known system for automatic driving of an agricultural unit containing a ferromagnetic track indicator and an unit containing magnetically sensitive left and right sensors mounted on the unit on the sides of its movement, in the magnetic circuit magnetic field sources with two extreme and one middle pole tips, and executive relays of the rotation mechanism, with According to the invention, the extreme pole lugs are made in the form of normally open magnetically controlled contacts located in front of the symmetrical longitudinal axis of the unit, and the middle pole lug is a pair of normally closed magnetically controlled contacts mounted on the frame of a mounted agricultural machine at the back of the unit, with each actuating relay of the rotation mechanism being connected in series in an electric circuit with a normally open magnetically controlled contact on the machine frame and a power source, and ferroma netic bout marker is placed on an irrigation pipe, saddles unit in motion when driving.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows an irrigation pipe made of elastic material, a plan view.

Figure 2 - cross section aa in figure 1, the placement of the strip of ferromagnetic alloy on the outer surface of the irrigation pipe, a cross section.

In Fig.3 - section bB in Fig.1, the placement of the outlet between the walls of the pipeline connected by an overlap.

In Fig.4 is a section bB in Fig.1, the placement of a strip of ferromagnetic alloy on the inner surface of the irrigation pipeline, an embodiment.

In Fig.5 is a section aa in Fig.1, the placement of a strip of ferromagnetic alloy between the walls of the pipeline connected by an overlap, an embodiment.

In Fig.6 - section bb in Fig.3, a longitudinally vertical section of a water outlet located between the walls of the pipeline connected by an overlap.

Fig. 7 shows an irrigated area with irrigation pipes made of elastic material for watering plants planted in strips in _p .

On Fig schematically presents a system of automatic driving of an agricultural unit performing the process of destruction of weeds in the irrigated area with irrigation pipelines of the drip irrigation system, plan view.

Irrigation pipe 1 of an elastic material 200 m long for the drip irrigation system is supplied in reels. Before irrigation with reels unwind the pipeline 1 to the surface of the irrigated area. Each outlet is installed in the walls of irrigation pipe 1 in the form of an elastic tube 2 of elliptical cross-section 3. Water outlets 3 are mounted between lap walls 4 and 5 of pipeline 1. To drive an agricultural machine including a tractor and an agricultural machine in the inner wall of one of the irrigation pipes 1 of the drip irrigation system a strip 6 of ferromagnetic alloy is placed as a follower. To increase the signal level, a ferromagnetic alloy can be deposited either on the outer wall of the pipeline 1, or at the junction between the inner and outer walls 4 and 5 of the pipeline 1 between adjacent outlets 3. The irrigation pipe 1 is laid on the plot for vegetable crops (see Fig. 7) symmetrically to irrigation pipelines 7 having only water outlets 3. One of the ends of pipelines 1 and 7 is connected to nipples 8 on a water supply (distribution) pipe 9 located below the surface of the irrigated section 10 at a depth of 0.6 ... 0.7 m. Tru oprovody 1 and 7 are placed with a mutual removal of 2.1 m. This allows to plant seedlings on the strip ₁ in a width of 0.6-0.7 m. The width of the strip in _claim irrigated be 0.8-1.0 m. harvesting ( tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.) between the rows of plants there is a technological strip of ₂ for the passage of the tractor trolley for the export of the harvest, collected in boxes or pallets. The distance between the irrigation pipelines 1 with this landing pattern will be B = 8.4 m. When laying out pipelines 1 and 7, the left and right markers of the mounted agricultural machine, which withstand the size of the butt spacing in _Art . The method of movement of the unit when unwinding bobbins with irrigation pipes 1 and 7 of elastic material is “shuttle”. In the same way, cultivator and harvesting units are moved during subsequent technological operations.

A method of driving an agricultural unit when performing operations for the care and protection of plants includes applying a follow-up indicator in the form of a strip 6 on the surface of the irrigated area 10 or field and the subsequent movement of the agricultural implement along equidistant follow-up rows. An irrigation pipe 1 of a drip irrigation system is used as a follow-up indicator. The pipeline 1 is equipped with a strip 6 of ferromagnetic alloy. Pipeline 1 together with pipelines 7 is placed along rows 11 and 12 of vegetable, fruit and other crops (see Fig. 7).

The system for automatic driving of an agricultural unit (see Fig. 8) contains a ferromagnetic follower 6 and an aggregate 13. A ferromagnetic follower 6 is placed on the irrigation pipe 1. Unit 13 saddles the irrigation pipe 1. in motion. This operation is necessary when performing inter-row cares to destroy weed vegetation and loosening the soil for the purpose of aeration, harvesting, and at the end of irrigation, winding irrigation pipelines 1 and 7 into reels for subsequent storage. The unit 13 includes a tractor, mounted agricultural machine 14 and magnetically sensitive left and right rotation sensors mounted on the unit 13 on the sides of its movement in the circuit of magnetic cores, magnetic field sources with two extreme 15 and 16 and one middle 17 pole tips, and actuating relays 18 and 19 of the rotation mechanism 20. The rotation mechanism 20 is hydraulically connected to the hydroshaft 21 and the hydraulic pump 22 of the steering drive with front steered wheels 23. The stem of the hydroshaft 21 is connected to the executor GOVERNMENTAL relays 18 and 19. The rotation mechanism 20 is kinematically connected to the steering wheel of the tractor and the tractor performs all teams in the management of the unit in emergency situations. The extreme pole lugs 15 and 16 are made in the form of normally open magnetically controlled contacts (reed switches) placed in front of the tractor symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the implement 13. The middle pole tip 17 is a pair of normally closed magnetically controlled contacts. They are mounted on the frame of a mounted agricultural machine mounted on rods 24 of the mounted system on the rear of the tractor. Each actuating relay 18 (19) of the rotation mechanism 20 is sequentially connected to an electric circuit with a normally open magnetically controlled contact of the tip 15 in front of the unit and a normally closed magnetically controlled contact of the middle pole tip 17 on the frame of the mounted machine 14 and a power source 25 (see Fig. 8).

A system for automatically driving an agricultural machine operates as follows.

Before the seedlings are planted in open ground, the tractor unit 13 performs the layout from the bobbins of the irrigation pipelines 1 and 7. To do this, hang up the first pass through the towers, beating off a line perpendicular to the water supply (distribution) pipeline 9. Irrigation pipe 1 is, for example, orange in color, and irrigation pipelines 7 - black. When piping layout 1 and 7 are markers mounted agricultural machine 14. Further, shifting of the pipelines 1 and 7 at a distance of _half produce seedling planting either manually or transplanter. After transplanting, seedlings are irrigated through irrigation pipelines 1 and 7. At a certain pressure of water in the cavity of pipelines 1 and 7, the plants are irrigated on a strip with a width of _p .

Simultaneously with the development of plants in strips with a width of _n, weeds grow in rows between rows in the _st . To combat weed vegetation, cultivators are used - mounted plant nutrients KRN-8.4 with sets of lancet and full-legged paws.

In manual mode, the unit 13 is brought to its original position. The tractor saddles the irrigation pipe 1 with a ferromagnetic follow-up indicator in the form of a strip 6. Pole tips 15 and 16 occupy a symmetrical position relative to the ferromagnetic follow-up indicator. Due to the front normally open magnetically controlled contacts in the pole pieces 15 and 16, the electric circuits are open and the current from the power source 25 (battery 6 ST-54 or tractor generator voltage of 12 V) does not enter the coils of the executive relays 18 and 19. The hydraulic actuator 21 under the action of elastic elements is in a neutral position, and the rotation mechanism 20 holds the front steered wheels 23 exactly at the rate of the irrigation pipe 1 laid out on the field.

In case of deviation of the pipeline 1 from the longitudinal axis of symmetry to the left or the tractor in the unit 13 with the mounted agricultural machine 14 to the right, the left pole piece 15 with a normally open magnetically controlled contact approaches the strip 6 of ferromagnetic material. The contacts of the tip 15 close the electric circuit. The actuating relay 18 is activated by moving the spool 21 to the left. Oil under pressure enters from the pump 22 into the rotation mechanism 20. With the wheels 23, the tractor and the agricultural machine return to their original course. When the unit 13 deviates from the course to the left, the pole piece 16 with a normally open magnetically controlled contact and the actuating relay 19 of the rotation mechanism 20 are triggered.

False signals or short bends of the pipeline 1 in the electrical circuit eliminate normally closed magnetically controlled contacts of the pole piece 17.

Thus, the described system implements automatic driving of an agricultural unit in row-spacings with drip irrigation of vegetable, fruit and berry and other crops.

Claims (5)

1. An irrigation pipe made of an elastic material for a drip irrigation system, in the walls of which water outlets are installed each in the form of an elastic tube of elliptical cross section, mounted between a lap wall of a pipeline, characterized in that a strip of ferromagnetic alloy is placed in the inner wall of the pipeline. 2. The pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic alloy is deposited on the outer wall of the pipeline. 3. The pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic alloy is deposited at the junction between the inner and outer walls of the pipeline. 4. A method of driving an agricultural unit, including applying a follow-up indicator to the field surface and then moving the agricultural unit along equidistant follow-up rows, characterized in that an irrigation system of a drip irrigation system equipped with a strip of ferromagnetic alloy and placed along rows of vegetable, fruit and vegetable is selected as a follow-up indicator berry and other crops. 5. A system for automatic driving of an agricultural unit, including a ferromagnetic track indicator and an unit containing magnetically sensitive left and right turn sensors mounted on the unit on the sides of its movement in a circuit of magnetic circuits, magnetic field sources with two extreme and one middle pole tips, and actuating relays of the mechanism rotation, characterized in that the extreme pole pieces are made in the form of normally open magnetically controlled contacts located in front of the sym unit of the longitudinal axis of the unit, and the middle pole tip - in the form of a pair of normally closed magnetically controlled contacts mounted on the frame of a mounted agricultural machine on the back of the unit, with each actuating relay of the rotation mechanism in series with an normally open magnetically controlled contact in front of the unit and normally closed magnetically controlled a contact on the machine frame and a power source, and a ferromagnetic follow-up indicator is placed on the irrigation pipe, gray aemom in unit movement when driving.

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