RU2271646C2 - Broadcast sowing shank - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: shank has A-hoe-cultivator, hollow column-seed guide, and seed distributor with vibration drive. Column-seed guide is located within casing of hoe tine. Gap between column-seed guide and casing is filled with elastic material. Vibrator is positioned at upper end of column-seed guide and seed distributor is positioned at lower end of column-seed guide. Seed distributor is formed as dead end pipe with longitudinal slot extending through the entire length of pipe in its rear and side walls to serve as seeding unit. Column-seed guide is connected to seed distributor and to hoe tine through elastic couplings. Position of feeding branch pipe of seed distributor may be adjusted in vertical plane, its lower end being positioned above lower edge of said slot.

EFFECT: improved quality of seed distribution and reduced metal usage owing to avoiding employment of seeding unit.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to openers for subsoil dispersed sowing.

Known opener for variable seeding by A. with. USSR No. 409666 (author A.S. Arkhipov) [1], including a hollow seed tube, divided by a septum into two halves, in the lower part turning into a wedge-shaped diffuser with curved working surfaces, to which a gas stream is supplied to give the sowing material a longer trajectory flight, uniform distribution of seed and prevent it from sticking to the diffuser.

A disadvantage of the known coulter is that it does not provide the desired uniform distribution of seeds on the surface of the seed bed, does not provide maximum spread in width, which is associated with the features of surfaces with conservative curvilinear generators working with seeds of various crops having specific properties and sizes. In addition, the equipment of the rack with a partition inside is technologically difficult, the device itself does not provide a solution to the main task of achieving uniform distribution of seeds and, in combination with a metering device, significantly complicates the design.

Closer in technical performance and the achieved result is a coulter for spread sowing on a. from. USSR No. 361761 (authors A.S. Arkhipov and Yu.V. Pozdnyakov), made in the form of a lancet paw with a hollow rack-vas deferens, equipped with a seed distributor, made in the form of a horizontal shelf, above which a vertical plate is installed, vibrating around the axis, passing through its trailing edge [2].

This coulter has several disadvantages. In particular, there is an uneven distribution of seeds along the seed bed with lateral vibrations of the vertical plate around the axis, which is unacceptable when sowing cereals, since this leads to fierce competition in the stalk and massive damage by root rot during the growing season.

A common and main drawback of the analogue and prototype is that they only work if there are seed meters in the design of the seeders.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate a number of the listed disadvantages associated with the uniform distribution of seeds across the seed bed, the exclusion from the design of seeders sowing machines and the transfer of their functions to the opener itself.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the hollow rack-vas deferens is installed inside the body of the rack of the paws, the space between which is filled with elastic material and equipped in the lower part with a metal bushing-separator; A vibrator is installed on the upper end of the vas deferens, and on the lower end there is a seed distributor, made in the form of a tube muffled from the ends of the pipe with a slot along its entire length along the rear and side walls, which acts as a sowing device. The ends of the pipe are slightly lowered down, and the angle of their deviation from the horizontal should not exceed 5 °, which is significantly less than the angle of friction of bulk materials. The stand-seed tube is connected to the stand of the paw and to the receiving nozzle of the seed distributor using elastic couplings, while the nozzle of the seed distributor is made adjustable in height and its lower end is located above the lower edge of the slit.

The opener for spreading sowing (Figs. 1-3) includes a cultivating lancet paw (1), a hollow rack-vas deferens (2), placed inside the body of the paw rack (3), between which there is an elastic material (4). The upper protruding end of the rack-vas deferens (2) is connected to a vibrator (5) and a seed hopper (6). The lower end of the rack-vas deferens through an elastic sleeve (7) is connected to the receiving pipe (8) of the seed distributor (9), made in the form of a pipe muffled from the ends, having a longitudinal slit (10) along its entire length in its rear and side walls, the lower the end of the receiving branch of the seed distributor is located above the lower edge of the slit by the thickness of the grain. Since the grain sizes of different crops are different (wheat, rye, peas, millet, etc.), the lower end of the receiving pipe is made adjustable in height due to the gap (11). To avoid contact between the elastic material, a metal separator sleeve (12) is placed.

The opener for spreading sowing works as follows. Sown material by gravity comes from the hopper, fills the seed distributor and rack-seed tube. When the rack-vas deferens and seed distributor vibrates, the sowing material goes into a fluidized state, which increases the fluidity of the seed column, therefore it overflows the distributor relative to the longitudinal slit, the grain is distributed along the entire length of the seed distributor 9 and is poured through the edge of the lower horizontal slit 10, evenly distributed on the seed bed, i.e. over the entire width of the grip paws. Upon termination of vibration of the rack-vas deferens and seed distributor, which is necessary during unit turns, the sowing material in the distributor remains stationary and acts as a "lock", while the sowing stops. Adjustment of the seeding rate is carried out both by changing the operating modes of the vibrator, and by setting the gap (11). By changing the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations, the flow of seeds through the slit of the distributor is regulated, and when the gap is changed, the seeding is adjusted to various crops. At the same time, the harmful effects of vibration are suppressed by couplings made of elastic material between the vas deferens (2) and the body of the paw (3), as well as between the vas deferens and the receiving pipe (8) of the seed distributor (9).

The proposed device provides the following advantages: improves the uniform distribution of seeds due to the greater length of the distributor, simplifies the design of the coulter, eliminates the presence of sowing devices.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR No. 409666, M. cl. A 01 C 7/20.

2. A.S. USSR No. 361761, M. cl. A 01 C 7/20.

Claims (3)

1. The opener for variable seeding, including cultivating lancet paw, hollow seed tube and vibratory seed distributor, characterized in that the seed tube is placed inside the body of the foot, the space between which is filled with elastic material, a vibrator is installed on the upper end of the seed tube and at the bottom - a seed distributor, made in the form of a plugged pipe with a longitudinal longitudinal slit in its rear and side walls to perform the functions of a metering device. 2. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the stand-vas deferens is connected to the seed distributor and to the stand of the paw using elastic couplings. 3. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving pipe of the seed distributor is made with height adjustment, and its lower end is located above the lower edge of the slit.

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