RU2271091C1 - Method for cultivation of hay crop for green feed under irrigation conditions and apparatus for introducing of bischofite solution - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves simultaneously sowing cover crop, preferably winter wheat or winter rye, or winter barley and perennial grasses; before sowing, introducing weed controlling chemicals, preferably soil herbicides, for producing of pure sprouts; introducing mineral fertilizers, with type of soil and programmed (planned) grass yield for green mass being taken into account; providing harvesting of eye part of winter wheat, winter rye or winter barley at high cut by direct combining; distributing non-grain part in the form of small-sized chaff on field surface; simultaneously with distribution of non-grain part of precursor, applying solution of natural bischofite mineral of Mg Cl₂ 6H₂O formulation onto precursor stubble and onto leaf and stalk mass of perennial grasses at application norm of 150-450 l/hectare and density of 1.2-1.3 t/m³ . On applying solution of natural bischofite mineral, foliar feeding of perennial grasses is provided; on mowing of grasses green mass is saturated with feeding microelements of bischofite solution and pathogenic microorganisms are controlled. After vegetative irrigation, content of microelements in green mass is increased through root system and nutrient value of grass mixture is increased. Apparatus for applying of liquid additives, such as solution of natural bischofite mineral, into mass harvested by combine has silage guide, reservoir, pump connected through pipe to sprayer, and mass sensor connected with feeding actuating device. Set of sprayers are mounted on bar rearward of carrier bar of combine header. Sprayers are alternatively inclined to the left and to the right toward axis of symmetry of bar. Inclined casing of header chamber serves as mass sensor. Casing of inclined chamber is kinematically connected with spherical valve, which is in fluid communication through pipe with pump and flexible hose equipped with bar.

EFFECT: uniform distribution of solution of natural bischofite mineral on surface of perennial grasses.

4 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to increase the fodder value of the barley crop.

A known method of growing perennial grasses, including the simultaneous sowing of a cover crop and perennial grasses, in which, in order to increase the density of standing under-cover grasses and increase the productivity of both crops per year of sowing, the seeds of the cover crop are treated with a 10% solution of chlorocholine chloride at a dose of 30 l per 1 t of seeds and incubated at 43-45 ° C for 3 hours (SU, copyright certificate No. 664614, M. cl. ² A 01 G 7/00, A 01 N 21/02. Method for growing perennial herbs / I.P .Geyderberht (USSR) .- Application No. 2591142 / 30-15; Stated March 15, 1978; Publish. 05/30/1979, Bull. No. 20 // Discoveries, Inventions. - 1979. - No. 20).

The disadvantages of the described method include the fact that the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of the integumentary culture promotes the emergence of friendly seedlings, however, this technique does not contribute to improving the quality of green fodder.

A known method of growing perennial cereal grass seeds, including sowing under the cover of grain crops, the introduction of chemical means of weed control, mineral fertilizers, in which, in order to reduce the negative effect of the cover cereal crop on the seed yield of perennial cereal grasses, nitrogen fertilizing in the year of sowing make in the phase of milk ripeness of the integumentary culture (SU, copyright certificate No. 1454284 A1, M. class A 01 B 79/02. A method of growing perennial grasses for seeds / B.P. Mykhaylichenko, V.E. Rya Peninsula, G.N.Bespahotnaya (USSR) - Application №4106131 / 30-15;. Reported 08/21/1986; Publ 01.30.1989, Bulletin №4 // Discoveries Inventions - 1989. - №4).....

The disadvantages of this method in relation to the problem being solved is that nitrogen top dressing contributes to the accumulation of vegetative mass, but does not increase the feed value of the integumentary grain crop.

Known mineral dressing for animals, which is used as a natural mineral bischofite (see SU, copyright certificate No. 874021, M. class ³ A 23 K 1/16. Mineral dressing for animals / V.M. Kulikov, N.P. Grebennikov, A.A. Naida et al. (USSR) .- Application No. 2932529 / 30-15; Stated 05/21/1980; Published on 10/23/1981, Bull. No. 39 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1981. - No. 39 )

However, only direct application of the bischofite brine of the formula MgCl ₂ 6H ₂ O due to the high hygroscopicity on the earth's surface is in the form of brine (brine) does not give positive results. A wide range of trace elements are used from bischofite brine, which are in accessible form in solutions.

A device for dispensing a preservative in a forage harvester is known, comprising a container with a mechanism for filling and displacing the preservative and a pneumatic valve on the pipeline connecting this container with sprayers installed in the discharge part of the silo, while a feed weight sensor connected to the sprayers is installed on the inner section of the silo, in which, in order to simplify the process, the feed mass sensor is made in the form of an ejector L-shaped tube, which is connected by a vacuum cavity pneumatic fan, and the outlet of the tube is directed towards the outlet of the silo (SU, copyright certificate No. 142169 A1, M. cl. ⁴ A 23 K 1/22. A device for dispensing a preservative in a forage harvester / A.A. Jasinkas, T. P. Matekonis (USSR) .- Application No. 4160647 / 30-15; Declared 07.12.1988, Bull. No. 45 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1988. - No. 45).

The disadvantages of the device described by us in relation to the problem being solved include the low sensitivity of the sensor, which fixes the amount of green mass.

A device for introducing into the green mass of mineral substances when mowing forage crops with a combine harvester, comprising a dispenser in the form of a hopper with screws and a dosage regulator with a damper, in which, in order to ensure automatic control of the amount of mineral additives introduced into the green mass and better preservation of its nutrients, a dispenser equipped with a block and a cable, one end of which is connected to the shutter, the other to the dosage regulator; the hole in the bottom of the hopper is made in the form of a figure, including a rectangle and an isosceles trapezoid with parameters determined by the expression

a _n = (1.3 ... 2.7) a _c ;

h _Tr = (0.25 ... 0.75) h _total ,

where a _n and a _in - respectively, the sizes of the lower and upper bases of the trapezoid;

h _Tr - the height of the trapezoid;

h _total - total height of the figure

(SU, copyright certificate No. 1456049 A1, M. cl. ⁴ A 01 D 43/00, A 23 K 3/03. Device for adding mineral substances to the green mass when mowing forage crops with a combine / S.E. Markaryan, G. G. Musaelyants, V. A. Petrosyan, O. T. Hakobyan (USSR) - Application No. 4224556 / 30-15; Declared 02.02.1987; Published 07.02.1989, Bull. No. 5 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1989. - No. 5).

The disadvantages of the described device include limited functionality.

A device is known for introducing liquid additives into a harvested silage mass, comprising a silo conduit, a container connected by a pipeline to a sprayer, and a mass sensor connected to an actuating feed mechanism, in which, in order to reduce preservative losses and improve the quality of feed processing, the sprayer is installed at the inlet into the curved section of the silo line and is equipped with a protective fairing on the side of the mass movement (SU, copyright certificate No. 1498422 A1, M. class. ⁴ A 01 D 43/08. Device for introducing liquid additives into the removable silo mass / A.I. Gerasimenko, P.P. Kupreichik (USSR) - Application No. 4272596 / 30-15; Announced 07/01/1987; Publish. 07.08.1989, Bull. No. 29 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1989. - No. 29).

The disadvantages of the described device, which we adopted as the closest analogue, include the low technical reliability of the sprayer and the inability to make part of the liquid additives on the stubble mass as a foliar top dressing of the cover crop and under their canopy of perennial herbs.

The essence of the claimed invention.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the creation of sustainable grass mixtures under the cover of winter crops.

The technical result is an increase in the quality of the green mass of perennial herbs.

The specified technical result in terms of technology for creating grass mixtures is achieved by the fact that in the known method of cultivating a barbed crop on green fodder under irrigation conditions, including the simultaneous sowing of cover crops, mainly winter wheat, winter rye, winter barley and perennial grasses, the introduction of chemicals of weed control and mineral fertilizers, according to the invention, winter wheat, rye, barley are harvested at a high cut by direct combining with distribution of grain the second part on the surface of the field, simultaneously with the distribution of grain part precursor produced were introduced MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ stubble bishofit norm solution formula About 150-450 l / ha at a density of 1.2-1.3 tons / m ³ as means for foliar , mineral supplements and the fight against pathogenic microorganisms.

The specified technical result in terms of technical support is achieved by the fact that in the known device for introducing liquid additives, for example, a solution of the natural mineral bischofite, into a harvested mass containing a silo conductor, a solution tank, a pump connected by a pipeline to the atomizer, and a mass sensor associated with according to the invention, the group of nozzles is mounted on the rod behind the header bar of the header, sprayers alternating left and right are inclined to the axis of symmetry of the rod, in achestve mass sensor used housing chamber inclined header, kinematically coupled with the ball valve and is hydraulically connected via a conduit to a pump and a flexible sleeve with the rod.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal-vertical section of a combine harvester with a device for grinding non-grain parts for cutting and a device for making liquid additives, for example, a solution of the natural mineral bischofite, on the harvested surface of the field for foliar feeding, under the cover of winter crops, mineral additives in herbs and their protection against pathogenic microorganisms.

In Fig.2 is a section aa in Fig.1, a diametrical section of the rod with nozzles, inclined in the lateral directions at an angle α.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

A method of cultivating a crop crop on green fodder under irrigation conditions provides for the simultaneous sowing in the first and second decade of August, sowing of a cover crop, mainly winter wheat, or winter rye, or winter barley and perennial grasses, introducing chemical weed control agents during the sowing period - seedlings — vegetation before the plants go into suspended animation, as well as the application of mineral fertilizers N ₁₂₀ P ₁₂₀ K ₆₀ based on three years of life of perennial herbs. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied fractionally after each mowing for the greatest increase in vegetative mass. Cover crops are harvested either for green fodder during the period of entering the tube or for milky-wax ripeness of grain to obtain fodder in the form of corns, silage, concentrate or briquettes when the legumes are pressed together. When harvesting the grain part or winter wheat, or winter rye, or winter barley, they are conducted at a high cut by direct combining. The non-cereal part of the integumentary culture in the form of ground cutting 25-45 mm long is distributed on the surface of the beveled strip. Simultaneously with the distribution of the non-cereal part of the precursor, a solution of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6Н ₂ О with a norm of 150-450 l / ha with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ^{3 is} applied to the stubble and leaf-stem mass of perennial grasses.

The table shows the data showing the effectiveness of the effect of bischofite solution on plants of bush crops under the cover of winter crops.

The device (see figure 1) for introducing liquid additives, for example bischofite solution, into the harvested mass contains a silo conduit 1, a solution tank 2, a pump 3 connected by a pipe 4 to a spray gun 5. The device is equipped with a mass sensor 6 connected to the actuator 7 feeds. The device is mounted on the housing 8 of the thresher and on the load-bearing beam 9 of the header 10. The header 10 is equipped with a reel 11, a cutting device 12 and an auger 13 with left and right coils. The header 10 is connected to the threshing case 8 by means of an inclined chamber 11 with a floating chain conveyor 12. A receiving beater, a drum deck threshing device 14, a breaker beater 15, a straw walker 16 and a wind-screen sieve 17 are mounted in the housing 8 of the thresher. thresher placed stalk grinder 18 with silo 1. The device is equipped with a group of nozzles 5. The group of nozzles 5 is mounted on the rod 19. The nozzles 5 are equipped with interchangeable tips 20 (figure 2). The rod 19 through the bracket is mounted behind the supporting beam 9 of the header 10. The sprayers 5 alternating to the left and right are tilted at an angle α to the axis of symmetry of the rod 19. As the mass sensor 6, the housing of the inclined chamber 11 of the header 10 is used. The mass sensor 6 is kinematically connected with a ball valve 21. To change the initial position of the crown of the ball valve 21 used a screw coupler 22. The ball valve 21 is hydraulically connected through a pipe 4 to the pump 3 and a flexible sleeve 23 with a rod 19. The pump 3 is equipped with a pressure reducing valve 24. On the roof of the building Whiskers 8 threshers placed engine 25, a hopper 26 for grain and a cabin 27 of the combine.

A device for introducing a bischofite solution for foliar feeding of the cut-off culture and a liquid additive into the green mass works as follows.

Upon reaching the cereal part of the ear of milk-wax ripeness, the integumentary culture - winter rye (winter wheat, winter barley) is harvested at a high cut. To do this, the header 10 of the housing of the inclined chamber 11 is placed so that the green stems of perennial grasses remain below the cutting apparatus 12. When mowing winter cereal grains, the spike part by the screw 13 of the header 10 is fed into the inclined chamber 11 and the chain-slat conveyor 12 is moved to the body 8 of the thresher. A receiving beater, a drum-deck threshing apparatus 14, a breaker beater 15 and a key straw walker 16 separate the grain from the leaf-stem mass. Wind-sieve cleaning 17 combine separates the floor and the gut from the grain. The cleaned grain with a scraper elevator is fed into the hopper 26 for grain. The straw part with a straw walker 16 is fed into the stalk chopper 18, and cutting - silo 1 is sent to the surface of the beveled strip. The floor and the gut from the wind-sieve cleaning 17 on the pitched board is discharged to the surface of the field and the plant between the stubble. When the engine 25 is running, it receives a pump drive from its generator 3. With pump 3, the bischofite solution from the tank 2 under pressure passes through the pipeline to the cavity of the ball valve 21. When the transport position is in the header 10 of the housing of the inclined chamber 11, the crown of the ball valve shuts off the solution in the flexible pipe 23, and consequently, to the rod 19 with nozzles 5. When the ball valve 21 is closed and the pump 3 is running, the liquid is reduced through the valve 24 again into the container 2. When lowering the header 10 to the working position through the screw tie 22 crowns and the ball valve 21 provides access of the liquid solution - bischofite - to the rod 19. Sprayers 5 together with the tips 20 spray the bischofite solution in the lateral intersecting directions. The sprayed liquid settles on the stubble of winter crops and the leafy mass of perennial deciduous grass.

Cutting, flooring and gouging cover the applied layer of bischofite solution on the surface of the soil and extend the period of its impact on the topsoil and plant mass. In the inter-irrigation period, trace elements from bischofite brine are absorbed by plants through their own cells, contributing to their intensive development. When mowing legumes during budding, the cut-off culture not only has a high protein content, but is also saturated with feed additives from salts on the surface of plants. When mowing stubble and green parts of plants, they are supplemented with fiber. This achieves obtaining a balanced complete feed.

After mowing the green mass for feeding animals, as a rule, nitrogen fertilizers are applied and watering is carried out. When watering, the bischofite solution, along with salts and trace elements, penetrates the root-inhabited layer. This feeds plants not only with macro fertilizers, but also with microelements.

The combined effects of salts and trace elements of the bischofite mineral increase the yield and forage value of perennial perennial grasses.

The presented information confirms the achievement of the claimed technical result.

Comparative efficiency of cultivating a crop crop on green fodder under irrigation conditions The dose of the bischofite solution, l / ha The number of plants, pieces / ha Sowing productivity, t / ha winter rye alfalfa weed grains straw alfalfa green mass feed units crude protein fifty 350 560 46 3.12 5,4 26.41 1.27 0.87 one hundred 340 580 40 3.28 6.8 27.85 1.34 1.51 150 330 570 40 3.36 6.7 31.74 1,58 1.71 200 320 525 41 3.15 4.2 46.23 1,62 2.09 250 400 480 38 3.37 7.1 41.38 1.77 2.13 300 415 370 37 3.26 7.2 38.47 1.81 2.15 350 418 410 36 3.46 6.8 37.09 1.71 2.74 400 340 390 41 3.08 6.3 38.91 1.44 2.81 450 375 450 28 2.98 5.8 34.07 1.37 2.67 500 327 480 27 2.88 6.0 32.27 1.41 2.71 Without bischofite (control) 340 452 96 2.67 4.8 22.71 1.15 1.13

Claims (4)

1. A method of cultivating a crop crop on green fodder under irrigation conditions, including the simultaneous sowing of a cover crop, mainly winter wheat, or winter rye, or winter barley and perennial grasses, introducing chemical weed control agents and mineral fertilizers, characterized in that harvesting either winter wheat, or winter rye, or winter barley is carried out on a high cut by direct combining with the distribution of the non-grain part on the field surface, simultaneously with the distribution of the non-grain part of the precursor, a solution of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O with a norm of 150-450 l / ha with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ^{3 is} added to the stubble. 2. A device for introducing liquid additives, for example, a solution of the natural mineral bischofite, into a mass to be harvested, containing a silo conduit, a solution tank, a pump connected by a pipeline to the atomizer, and a mass sensor connected to the actuator, characterized in that the atomizer group is mounted on the bar behind the header bar of the header, sprayers alternating left and right are tilted to the axis of symmetry of the rod, the housing of the header inclined chamber kinematically connected to the ball is used as a mass sensor th crane and hydraulically connected via a conduit to a pump and a flexible sleeve with the rod. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that each sprayer is equipped with interchangeable tips. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ball valve with the housing of the inclined chamber is connected by a screw tie.

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