RU2269889C1 - Two-mode milking unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal farm engineering, in particular, milking unit constructions.

SUBSTANCE: two-mode milking unit has teat cups with milk claw including distributing chamber and chamber for driving of membrane-valve assembly, the latter chamber being connected to pipe union for generating vacuum signal for mechanical milk stripping. Air chamber of pneumatic sensor switch is connected through channel with pipe union of variable vacuum generated by controlled milk pulsator. Teat cups and milk claw are equipped with corrugated lifter. Massaging, machine stripping, switching off, removal, withdrawal of teat cups and milk claw from under udder are provided without manipulator. Initial and final operation stages are of three-cycle "mild" mode, in case of intensive milk yield - of two-cycle mode with continuous milk withdrawal.

EFFECT: provision for intensive timely massaging of teats and udder, increased safety, high-speed milk withdrawal with minimal dependence upon teat sizes, udder shape and regardless of whether cow is hardly or readily milked.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering for livestock, in particular to milking machines.

Known dual-mode milking machine MU 200 De Laval-DUOVAC [1] (Sweden), including milking cups, a pulsator, a collector, a float sensor for milk flow intensity, a membrane vacuum regulator with a control chamber and a control unit with a valve, interconnected by hoses, atmospheric and vacuum channels. The float chamber is equipped with a drain tube with a drain hole at the bottom, and the float has a permanent magnet interacting with another magnet that controls the air valve of the control unit depending on the intensity of the milk flow passing through the sensor during milking of the cows. This two-stroke pairing milking machine provides a safer two-mode process of milk removal by stepwise changing the vacuum depth under the nipple: gentle mode (33 kPa) - with a milk removal intensity of up to 3.5 g / s (at the beginning and at the end of milking) and normal, working mode ( 50 kPa) at a higher intensity of milk flow.

At the end of milking, when the teatcups are sucked into the bases of the teats that have lost their elasticity, the milk ducts connecting the tanks of the teats and the udder overlap. The intensity of milk excretion decreases and when it becomes less than 3.5 g / s, the vacuum depth under the nipple will decrease to 33 kPa. Due to the decrease in vacuum under the nipple, the equilibrium of the hanging part of the apparatus is disturbed, and the teatcups, under the action of gravity on the nipples, can lower and release the blocked milk ducts. If there is milk in the udder, the intensity of milk removal may increase (above 3.5 g / s) and the device will again enter the operating mode (50 kPa). In this case, situations are not excluded when the milk ducts will again overlap, and the process of the final stage of milk removal described above will be repeated many times until the milk from the cistern of the cow udders is milked and the milking cups are removed from the nipples.

In hard-fed and in cows with large nipples (length greater than 90 mm, diameter greater than 32 mm), the described process of the final stage of milk removal by the DUOVAC apparatus does not occur, since milking cups from such nipples do not slip and the sphincter of the nipples do not open with a 33 kPa vacuum. Such cows remain unbroken.

Known three-stroke milking machine DA-3M "Volga" [2], including two-chamber milking cups, a collector containing a chamber of constant vacuum and atmospheric pressure and a chamber of variable vacuum, which is also a drive chamber of the membrane-valve block, including a membrane connected by a rod with milk and air valves and a pulsator containing a control chamber with a throttle.

In contrast to the push-pull, the three-stroke milking machine has a rest cycle, during which air is let into the suction cup of the milking cup from the collector and almost atmospheric pressure is set, pushing the nipple out of the cup, sucked into it by the suction stroke, therefore, the overlapping of the intercistern milk ducts of the udder is compared milking with a push-pull milking machine is less likely here. Due to the action in the resting cycle in the suction cup of the milking cup of atmospheric pressure, the average effective vacuum value under the nipple is reduced to a value approximately equal to the "gentle" vacuum value (33 kPa) of the DUOVAC-300 milking machine. However, the three-stroke “gentle” operation mode of the apparatus, unlike the analogue, is active because in the “sucking” and “compression” strokes, a working vacuum (53 kPa) periodically acts under the nipple, providing better conditions for removing milk from the udder with less dependence on the size of the nipples , forms of udder and stupidity of a cow.

The disadvantages of a three-stroke milking machine compared to a two-stroke milking machine are the longer duration of cow extrusion. Therefore, in the period of intensive milk removal, it would be more expedient to switch to continuous milk suction by transferring the three-stroke apparatus to the two-stroke mode of operation.

To eliminate these shortcomings, an automated two-mode milking machine is proposed, created on the basis of a three-stroke milking machine (prototype) and which ensures the transition to a two-stroke mode of operation with continuous suction of milk from the udder during intensive milk removal (Q> 10-12 g / s). With a decrease in the intensity of milk removal (Q <6.5 g / s), the device switches to a safer ("gentle") three-stroke mode of operation, and when the intensity of milk removal drops to 3.5 g / s, it turns off and the milking cups are removed from the nipples and are removed from under the udder of a cow.

Thus, in dual-mode milking machines, it will not be more effective to reduce the vacuum under the nipple to 33 kPa at the beginning and at the end of milking with a push-pull machine, but to transfer it to a three-stroke mode of operation, providing intensive massage of the nipples and udder at the beginning of milking, milking safety and more efficient finishing without the use of manipulators.

The milking machine is controlled by a serial air-pressure sensor of milk flow intensity, for example, MDF 02.010 type of the MD-F-1 manipulator [3], with a switch containing a constant vacuum chamber, an air chamber and vacuum signal connection fittings to a mechanical doda and the device is switched off via a pulsator controlled by a sensor with variable vacuum connection.

This effect is achieved by the fact that the drive chamber of the membrane-valve block of the collector is pneumatically connected to the nozzle for issuing a vacuum signal to a mechanical doda, and the air chamber of the pneumatic sensor switch is connected by a channel to the fitting of an alternating pulsator vacuum.

Milking cups with a collector are equipped with a flexible suspension with a height adjuster and a corrugated vacuum lift, pneumatically connected to the vacuum signal fitting of the air sensor to turn off the device (No. 2185053, A 01 J 5/00, A 01 K 1/00).

The drawing shows a dual-mode milking machine (pneumatic circuit).

The dual-mode milking machine contains hoses, a manifold 1, including a milk and air chambers, an alternating vacuum distribution chamber 2, an atmospheric pressure chamber 3, a drive chamber 4 of the membrane-valve block 5, a constant vacuum chamber 6, and a milk chamber 7 connected by milk tubes to the milking cups 8, each of which contains a suction cup 9, a nipple rubber 10, which forms an interstitial chamber 11 with a teat cup. The collector 1 and teat cups 8 form a hanging part of the milking unit.

The pulsator 12 of the milking machine comprises a constant vacuum chamber 13, a control chamber 14 with a throttle 15 and a check valve 16, a valve 17, a variable vacuum choke 18, connected by a variable vacuum channel 19 to a manifold of a variable vacuum 2 of the manifold and an air chamber 27 of the pneumatic sensor switch.

The pneumatic intensity sensor for milk flow 20 includes a nozzle 21 for issuing a vacuum signal to a mechanical dodo, a nozzle 22 for issuing a vacuum signal for turning off the milking machine, a rod 23, a support bracket 24, a switch 25 with a constant vacuum chamber 26 and an air chamber 27 and a float 28.

In addition, the drawing indicates: 29 - corrugated vacuum lift milking cups with a collector, P ₀ - atmospheric pressure, P - vacuum.

The milking machine operates as follows. After preparing the cow udder for milking, the operator raises the stem 23 of the float-pneumatic milk flow intensity sensor 20 (hereinafter, the pneumatic sensor) and installs it on the support bracket 24. At the same time, atmospheric pressure is set in the fitting 22, which enters the corrugated lift 29, and under the action the gravity lift stretches and lowers the hanging part of the milking machine to the udder of the cow. In addition, air from the nozzle 22 enters the check valve 16 and closes it. The pulsator 12 is turned on and an alternating vacuum is generated at the outlet in the nozzle 18, which is fed through the channel 19 through the manifold distributor 2 through hoses to the inter-wall chambers 11 of the milking cups 8. In addition, the alternating vacuum is also installed in the chamber 27, from which the rod channel 23 and the nozzle 21 is transferred to the chamber 4 of the actuator of the membrane-valve block 5 of the collector 1. Under the action of an alternating vacuum, the block 5 comes into oscillatory motion, and the apparatus will operate in a three-stroke mode until the intensity of milk removal e reaches a predetermined value (e.g., 10-12 g / s). In this case, the pneumatic sensor float 28 pops up and lifts the rod 23, the support bracket 24 falls, the channel of the nozzle 21 is connected to a constant vacuum in the chamber 26, and a constant vacuum is established at the outlet of the nozzle 21 and in the chamber 4 of the drive of the manifold-valve manifold block, under which the membrane The valve block and its valves will be locked in the upper position. Chamber 6 will be opened, and chamber 3 will be closed. In the milk chamber 7 of the collector and in the suction cup 9 of the teat cup, a constant vacuum will act. The milking machine will operate in a push-pull mode with continuous suction of milk until the intensity of milk removal decreases, for example, to 6.5 g / s. In this case, the float 28 and the rod 23 will lower and the input of the channel of the fitting 21 will enter the chamber 27, in which an alternating pulsator vacuum acts. Therefore, in chamber 4, an alternating vacuum will begin to act, under the influence of which the apparatus will switch to a three-stroke operation mode.

If in a three-stroke mode of the final phase of milking, the intensity of milk removal continues to fall and decreases to 3.5 g / s, the float 28 with the rod 23 will drop to the lowest position, and the channel entrance of the nozzle 22 will enter the constant vacuum chamber 26. From the nozzle 22, the vacuum will begin to flow into the corrugated lift 29. Under the action of the vacuum, the corrugation, compressing, will begin to raise the milking cups 8 with the collector 1. In addition, a constant vacuum through the check valve 16 will enter the control chamber 14 of the pulsator and lift the membrane together with the valve up. As a result, atmospheric pressure will be established in the fitting 18, channel 19, in the distribution chamber 2, in the inter-wall chamber 11 of the milking cup and in the chamber 27. When the float is completely lowered, the channel inlet of the nozzle 21 will be compatible with the chamber 27 and atmospheric pressure will appear at the outlet of the nozzle 21, which will enter the chamber 4 of the actuator of the membrane-valve block of the manifold. The valves in the milk chamber will lower, the constant vacuum chamber 6 will close, and the atmospheric pressure chamber 3 will open. As a result, atmospheric pressure will be established in the milk chamber 7 of the collector and in the suction cup 9 of the teat cup.

As a result of such pressure redistribution, the pulsator will turn off, the milking cups will be freely removed from the nipples and will be removed from the cow's udder by a corrugated elevator 29.

When milking another cow, the described process will be repeated.

Information sources

1. De Laval. Catalog. Equipment and related products for dairy farms. 2003. - P.21.

2. Korolev V.F. Milking machines. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1969, - p. 91-100.

3. The manipulator for milking MD-F-1. PO "Kurganselmash". 1991, - 42 p.

Claims (1)

Two-mode milking machine, including milking cups, hoses, tubes and channels, a collector containing milk and air chambers, a variable vacuum distribution chamber, a membrane-valve unit drive chamber, a controlled pulsator with a variable vacuum connection, a pneumatic sensor with a switch containing a constant vacuum chamber and air, fittings for issuing vacuum signals to a mechanical dody and turning off the apparatus, characterized in that the drive chamber of the membrane-valve manifold block is pneumatically connected to a nozzle for issuing a vacuum signal to a mechanical dodo, and the air chamber of the pneumatic sensor switch is connected by a channel to the nozzle of the alternating vacuum of the pulsator.