RU2269792C2 - Storms coordinates accumulator and a variant thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engineering of electronic accumulation systems, possible use for engineering of storm location systems.

SUBSTANCE: kinematic communication equations are solved not for aircraft-lighting flashes, but for aircraft-storm, and because storm coordinates are generated by averaging coordinates of all registered lightning flashes during several minutes, volume of computational operations is decreased manifold.

EFFECT: simplified construction of corrector of storms coordinates accumulator.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The device relates to electronic circuits for the accumulation and control of signals in radar.

A typical field of application of the device are lightning radar systems [1], [2], indicating the coordinates of lightning discharges (MR), lightning flashes (MB) or thunderstorms (the coordinates of thunderstorms are understood as the coordinates of the centers of thunderstorms, determined by averaging the coordinates of all MB forming a thunderstorm. MB, in turn, are determined by averaging the coordinates of all MPs forming MB).

The length of a thunderstorm is a random value and lies within 5 ... 60 km. The duration of a thunderstorm can reach several hours.

The time of occurrence and location of MR, and hence MB in a thunderstorm, are also random. The number of MBs per 100 s can reach 30 in a strong thunderstorm, and up to 2 in a light thunderstorm. It is known [1 p. 40] that the reliability of the estimation of the coordinates of a thunderstorm increases with the accumulation and averaging of data from a lightning finder-range finder (GPA) in a few minutes. However, when using a lightning radar (GL) on a moving base (on an aircraft (LA)), the measured coordinates of a thunderstorm quickly acquire a large error due to the fact that the aircraft moves in space (and, therefore, relative to the locating thunderstorm) with high linear speeds ( up to 1000 km / h in civil aviation) and angular speeds (with a comfortable turn up to 1 ... 2 Gy / s). To limit the excessive increase in the error in lightning radars, the aircraft pilot, after the maneuver, manually resets the displayed parameters of the monitored thunderstorms.

Manual zeroing is a drawback of analogues and is excluded in subsequent developments of airborne lightning radars by the introduction of a coordinate corrector, sometimes also called the azimuth indicator stabilizer relative to the course. Correction is carried out according to the sensors of the onboard inertial navigation system (ANN), solving the kinematic equations of communication LA-MB (thunderstorm).

In the prototype [3] - an onboard lightning direction finder-range finder (BGPD) FM 11 carry out automatic correction of the coordinates of all registered MB, countering the effect of moving the aircraft.

The prototype (figure 1) contains:

- MB 1 identifier, to the input (1) of which the values of each newly registered lightning flash arrive, the input (2) is connected to the output (2) of memory 2, and the output (1) is connected to the input (2) of memory 2;

- memory 2, the input (3) of which is connected to the output (1) of the corrector 3, the input (1) with the output (1) of the synchronizer 4 and the input (2) of the corrector 3, the output (1) is connected to the input of the information consumer (indicator), output (3) with input (3) of corrector 3;

- corrector 3, to the input (1) of which the signals of flight speed V and course angle φ from the inertial navigation system (ANN) are received, all other communications of which are mentioned above;

- synchronizer 4, all of which are mentioned above.

The prototype works as follows. At the input (1) of identifier 1, the coordinates of the registered lightning flash (MB) lightning detector are received. Identifier 1 initiates the issuance from memory 2 of the identifier MB 1 stored in the information matrix of thunderstorms (IMG) memory 2 coordinates of all previously detected and displayed thunderstorms. The identifier MB 1 compares them with the coordinates of the new MB and according to the proximity criterion in accordance with the cluster theory [4] determines the thunderstorm to which the registered MB belongs, calculates the new coordinates of this thunderstorm taking into account the coordinates of the registered MB and returns them to memory 2. If the proximity criterion is not is performed with no thunderstorms, the MB coordinates are stored in memory 2 as the coordinates of the possible first MB of a new thunderstorm for a time t _cr allocated to fulfill the criterion for detecting a new thunderstorm [1 p. 35]. We call these MBs conditionally unsettled for brevity.

The coordinates of the thunderstorms stored in memory 2 (in its information matrix of thunderstorms (IMG)) are corrected up to several times per second, since the coordinates of all registered MBs are calculated using the corrector 3 at which thunderstorm coordinates are calculated. Given the high mobility of the aircraft, only at such a sufficiently high rate of coordinate correction is a smooth, visually smoothed movement of the thunderstorm image on the indicator screen ensured. The coordinates of the thunderstorms are issued to the consumer (indicator) with the frequency of correction of coordinates according to the general signal of the correction clock signals and the issuance of coordinates from the output of the synchronizer 4.

Multiple (hundreds of times per second with a large number of MB) solution of the kinematic relationship formulas LA-MB complicates corrector 3 and is a disadvantage of the prototype.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the corrector accumulator of coordinates of thunderstorms while maintaining stabilization of the azimuthal indicator scale, taking into account the aircraft’s own speed and visually comfortable image of a thunderstorm on the indicator screen.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the kinematic equations of communication are solved not for LA-MB, as in the prototype, but for LA - a thunderstorm. This reduces the amount of computational work of the corrector tens and even hundreds of times, because the coordinates of a thunderstorm, as mentioned above, are formed by averaging the coordinates of all registered MBs that are usually stored in memory for several minutes [1, p. 40] (in the FMHF prototype FM11, the memory time is 256 s), and for severe thunderstorms the number of MB can reach up to this time is 100 or more pieces in one thunderstorm. The stored coordinates of thunderstorms stored in memory must be periodically reset (as in the prototype, the MB coordinates are reset). Zeroing is necessary to eliminate the influence of cumulative errors due to unaccounted factors, such as the presence of thunderstorms and aircraft in different wind flows (thunderstorm detection range reaches 400 km), the presence of errors in speed sensors and maneuvers of the aircraft, the presence of errors in a computer that repeatedly solves the kinematic communication equations, and etc. However, the instantaneous zeroing of the coordinates of a thunderstorm will cause their jump on the indicator, since the accumulation process after zeroing starts from zero, and the error in calculating the coordinates of a thunderstorm is maximum for a small number of registered MBs. To eliminate such an undesirable jump and provide a visually comfortable image of a thunderstorm situation, a second memory of thunderstorm coordinates is introduced on the indicator screen, and two options for its use are possible. The choice of option depends on whether the lightning radar is designed to operate simultaneously on a small number of thunderstorms (for example, in a narrow angular or long-range sector in northern latitudes) or for a large number of thunderstorms (round-robin work in southern latitudes).

In the first embodiment, the second memory is additional, previously storing the accumulated coordinates of the thunderstorms for a time equal to half the total time of the memory of the thunderstorm coordinate storage device. The first memory is always connected to the consumer input (indicator), therefore the main element of the first memory is the information matrix of thunderstorms (IMG). By analogy, the main element of the second memory can be called a preliminary matrix of thunderstorms (SGP). After zeroing the first memory (i.e., resetting IMG), the contents of the SGM from the second memory are immediately rewritten into it. The freed SGP begins to gradually fill up with the accumulated thunderstorm coordinates newly formed in the identifier MB 1, determined by MB, recorded after the resetting of the SGP. At the same time, for each newly registered MB, the identifier MB 1 finds the coordinates of the nearest thunderstorm from the IMG and accumulates its coordinates in the IMG. This continues for a time equal to half the time of complete accumulation (memory) of thunderstorm coordinates, after which, according to the synchronizer signal, the IMG in the first memory is again completely reset and the contents of the PMG from the second memory are written to it (which is reset to zero). Thus, the process of accumulation of coordinates of thunderstorms in the first memory is not interrupted, but continues for all thunderstorms, the coordinates of which are copied from SGP to IMG, as well as for newly registered thunderstorms. In the second memory (in its SGM), the accumulation process again starts from scratch.

When working simultaneously on many thunderstorms, the process of overwriting the contents of the second memory stored in the SGP in the IMG of the first memory is quite cumbersome and can lead to errors and malfunctions. Therefore, for lightning radars designed to work on many thunderstorms, it is advisable to introduce a memory output switch that will switch the consumer input (indicator) from the output of the first memory to the output of the second and vice versa according to the sync pulse of their alternate zeroing coming from the synchronizer. Thus, the consumer (indicator) alternately works according to the memory signals, in which the accumulated coordinates of the thunderstorms are always stored for at least half of the full switching cycle. In this case, IMG in the first memory and SGM in the second memory perform the same functions, since each of them in the first half of its clock cycle after zeroing operates in the SGM mode, i.e. preliminary storage of accumulated coordinates of thunderstorms, i.e. without giving anything to the consumer (indicator), and the second half of its zeroing cycle works in the IMG mode, giving out the stored and accumulated coordinates of the thunderstorms to the information consumer (indicator).

Thus, the solution of the problem is achieved with two options for constructing a thunderstorm coordinate storage device connected by a single inventive concept, the second option being preferable if the lightning radar is designed to observe a large number of thunderstorms simultaneously.

The drawings show:

figure 1 - scheme of the prototype;

figure 2 - scheme of the coordinates of thunderstorms. Option 1;

figure 3 - diagram of the storage coordinates of thunderstorms. Option 2;

figure 4 - diagrams of the organization of storage, zeroing and issuing to the consumer (indicator) coordinates of thunderstorms.

In the first embodiment - figure 2 - the thunderstorm coordinate storage device contains the identifier MB 1, the first memory 2, the corrector 3, the synchronizer 4, the second memory 5 and the memory switch 6.

In option 2 (Fig. 3), the thunderstorm coordinate storage device contains the identifier MB 1, first memory 2, corrector 3, synchronizer 4, second memory 5, memory switch 6 and output switch 7.

Considering the connections, the thunderstorm coordinate storage device (option 1) contains:

- MB 1 identifier, at the input (1) of which the coordinate values of each newly registered lightning flash lightning detector are received, the input (2) of which is connected to the output (2) of the first memory 2, the input (3) - to the output (1) of the second memory 5, the output (1) of the identifier MB 1 is connected to the input (2) of the first memory 2, the output (2) is connected to the input (1) of the second memory 5;

- the first memory 2, the input (4) of which is connected to the output (2) of the synchronizer 4 and the input (2) of the second memory 5, the input (3) with the output (1) of the memory switch 6, the input (1) with the output (1) of the synchronizer 4, as well as with input (3) of memory switch 6, input (2) of corrector 3 and input (4) of second memory 5, input (5) with output (3) of second memory 5, output (1) with information consumer input ( indicator), output (3) with input (1) of memory switch 6;

- corrector 3, to the input (1) of which signals of the flight speed V and course angle φ from the inertial navigation system (ANN) are received, the input (3) of the corrector 3 is connected to the output (3) of the memory switch 6, the output (1) to the input ( 4) memory switch 6;

- synchronizer 4, all of whose communications are already mentioned above;

- the second memory 5, the input (3) of which is connected to the output (2) of the memory switch 6, the output (2) with the input (2) of the memory switch 6;

- memory switch 6, all of whose communications are already mentioned above.

Similarly, the thunderstorm coordinate storage device (option 2) contains:

- identifier MV 1, to the input (1) of which the coordinates of each newly registered lightning flash lightning flash are received, the input (2) of which is connected to the output (2) of the first memory 2, the input (3) - to the output (2) of the second memory 5, the output (1) of the identifier MB 1 is connected to the input (2) of the first memory 2, the output (2) is connected to the input (1) of the second memory 5;

- the first memory 2, the input (4) of which is connected to the output (2) of the synchronizer 4, the input (2) of the second memory 5 and the input (1) of the output switch 7, the input (3) is connected to the output (1) of the memory switch 6, the input (1) with the output (1) of the synchronizer 4, as well as with the inputs (4) of the memory switch 6, the input (4) of the second memory 5, the input (2) of the output switch 7 and the input (2) of the corrector 3, the output (1) with input (4) of output switch 7, output (3) with input (1) of memory switch 6;

- corrector 3, to the input (1) of which the signals of flight speed V and course angle φ from the inertial navigation system (ANN) are received, the input (3) of the corrector 3 is connected to the output (3) of the memory switch 6, the output (1) to the input ( 3) memory switch 6;

- synchronizer 4, all of whose communications are already mentioned above;

- the second memory 5, the input (3) of which is connected to the output (2) of the memory switch 6, the output (3) with the input (2) of the memory switch 6, the output (1) with the input (3) of the output switch 7;

- memory switch 6, all of whose communications are already mentioned above;

- output 7 switch, the output (1) of which is connected to the input of the information consumer (indicator), and all other communications are already mentioned above.

The inventive device (option 1) works as follows.

At the input (1) of the identifier MB 1, the coordinates are received - the range R and the bearing θ of the registered lightning radar of the lightning flash R, θ (MB). Identifier MB 1 initiates the issuance from the first memory 2 and second memory 5 of the contents of IMG and SGM, respectively, compares the coordinates of MB with the coordinates of already registered thunderstorms (Gr), called from memory when MB appears; by the criterion for the proximity of the coordinates of MB and Gr, it determines the thunderstorm to which the registered MB belongs, and calculates the new coordinates of this thunderstorm taking into account the coordinates of the registered MB. The calculated new coordinates of the thunderstorm are returned to the first memory 2 and second memory 5. If the set proximity criterion is not met with any of the registered thunderstorms, the MB is considered unsettled, its coordinates are stored in the second memory 5 as a possible first MB of a new thunderstorm, since one MB - This is not a thunderstorm, but, possibly, a hindrance. The coordinates of the unsettled MB are stored for a time t _cr allocated for fulfilling the criterion for detecting a new thunderstorm, which is usually used [1, p. 35] to register at least two MB per time (t _cr ).

The coordinates of thunderstorms (and unsettled MBs) stored in the first memory 2 and in the second memory 5 are corrected in the corrector 3 coordinates of thunderstorms (CCG), for which corrector 3 also receives flight parameters of the aircraft (speed V and course angle φ) from the inertial navigation system ( ANN) LA. Correction is carried out quite often (up to units of hertz) and is carried out by signals from the output (1) of synchronizer 4 (correction clock pulses).

Thunderstorm coordinate arrays are reset after a certain time (t _obn ), equal to half the memory time of the thunderstorm coordinate storage device (t _memory ) by the signal from the output (2) of the synchronizer 4 (zero synchronization pulse). As the memory time of the thunderstorm coordinate storage device, it is convenient to take the time for fulfilling the thunderstorm detection criterion (t _cr ). After zeroing the coordinates of the thunderstorms in the IMG of the first memory 2, the free memory is transferred from the second memory 5 from the output (3) with zeroing the coordinates of the thunderstorms of the PMG array using the same synchronization signal. The coordinates of only unsettled MBs are not transferred or nullified. They are reset to zero by the beat, because it takes time t _cr to verify them according to the criterion for detecting a new thunderstorm in the event of registration of a new MB. If the criterion is met, this pair MB forms the coordinates of a new thunderstorm, which from the identifier MB 1 (output (2)) is immediately recorded in the PMG array of the second memory 5 (input (1)) and in the IMG array (input (2)) of the first memory 2 through the output (1) of the identifier MB 1.

Thus, after zeroing the first memory 2, its IMG continues to accumulate the coordinates of the thunderstorm array obtained from the PMG array of the second memory 5, and through the output (1) it gives the coordinates of the thunderstorms R, θ (Gy) to the consumer (on the indicator), which is carried out with the correction frequency by the signal from the output (1) of the synchronizer 4, which is input (1) of the first memory 2, and the second memory 5 starts to accumulate the coordinates of all thunderstorms from scratch. This means that each first (after zeroing the SGP) MB of each thunderstorm, indicated by the output (1) of the first memory 2, is registered in the second memory 5 as unset, then new MBs are registered, forming with unset MB the coordinates of the thunderstorms, which indicate the output of the first memory 2, or new. If any registered and indicated thunderstorm from the IMG array of the first memory 2 does not find confirmation in the second memory 5 of its existence during the full zeroing cycle, i.e. during this time no new MB will be assigned to it, the next time it is reset, its coordinates will be reset to both IMG (first memory 2) and SGP (second memory 5) and it will disappear from the indicator screen - the storm has ended.

In option 2, the periodic zeroing of the first memory 2 and the second memory 5 is carried out not simultaneously, but alternately, for which the sync pulses from the output (2) of the synchronizer 4 alternately change the polarity - the first memory 2, the input (2) is reset by pulses of the same polarity, and the second memory 5 input (2) - pulses of opposite polarity. The signal R, θ (Gy) at the consumer input (indicator) comes from the output (1) of the output 7 switch, which alternately connects the output of the memory that was not reset by the previous clock.

The diagrams of the organization of storage, zeroing and issuing to the consumer (indicator) the coordinates of thunderstorms shown in Fig. 4 additionally explain and illustrate the operation of the memory circuits in options 1 and 2. It can be seen from the diagrams that in both cases both memories are reset by sync pulses, but in option 1 almost simultaneously, and in option 2, alternately with a shift by a period of zeroing clock pulses. In option 1, the first memory immediately after zeroing receives all the information into its thunderstorm information matrix (IMG), i.e. the coordinates of all thunderstorms contained in the second memory in its preliminary thunderstorm matrix (SGP). The transmission is accompanied by zeroing of the SGM. Therefore, the IMG is first reset and immediately receives an array of the accumulated coordinates of the thunderstorms from the PMG, and the PMG first passes the array of the accumulated coordinates of the thunderstorms to the IMG and only after that it is reset, i.e. information is transmitted with zeroing the memory cells. The quality of the displayed information is the same in both cases.

It is advisable to carry out the thunderstorm coordinates storage using digital technology based on commercially available domestic industry and widely used memory elements, logic, comparisons, timers (Russian version of the word timer), etc. In any case, the use of a thunderstorm coordinate storage device simplifies, reduces the cost of the thunderstorm radar, and increases its reliability.

Bibliography

1. Halperin S.M. and other Lightning direction finder-rangefinder "Hearth-2P." L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1988.

2. Baru N.V., Kononov I.I., Solomonik M.E. Direction finding rangefinders near thunderstorms. L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1976.

3. Onboard lightning-range finder. Outline technical project. M .: OJSC "Fazotron - NIIR", 1999. Pages 276 ... 303.

4. Makurenkov AF, Guskov Yu. N. Formation of the boundaries of the turbulent-thunderstorm danger zone of flight according to the information of an airborne direction finder-range finder and weather radar. Questions of radio electronics. Series: General issues of radio electronics. Issue 1, 1994. Pages 6, 7.

5. Bakleneva Z.M. Cluster model of a thundercloud. Atmospheric electricity. Proceedings of the II All-Union Symposium, Leningrad, 1982. L .: Gidrometeoizdat, - 1984.

Claims (2)

1. The coordinates of the coordinates of thunderstorm aircraft lightning radar containing the identifier of a lightning flash (MB), at the first input of which the coordinates of the registered lightning detector MB are received, which is used to compare the coordinates of MB with the coordinates of already registered lightning storms, called up from memory, to determine the thunderstorm to which the registered MB belongs, by the criterion of proximity of the coordinates of MB and lightning and calculating the new coordinates of this thunderstorm taking into account the coordinates of the registered MB; the first memory intended for the accumulation of coordinates of thunderstorms, the first output of which is connected to the indicator; thunderstorm coordinate corrector, at the first input of which the parameters of the aircraft are received: speed, course angle; a synchronizer, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the first memory and the second input of the corrector, moreover, the second input of the identifier is connected to the second output of the first memory, the first output of the identifier is connected to the second input of the first memory to transmit the calculated coordinates of the thunderstorms, characterized in that a second memory intended for the accumulation of coordinates of thunderstorms; memory switch moreover, the third input of the identifier is connected to the first output of the second memory, the second output of the identifier is connected to the first input of the second memory for transmitting the coordinates of thunderstorms to the memory, the third output of the first memory is connected to the first input of the memory switch, the first output of which is connected to the third input of the first memory, the second output synchronizer, designed to zero memory, is connected to the second input of the second memory and the fourth input of the first memory, the third input of the second memory is connected to the second output of the memory switch, the second One of which is connected to the second output of the second memory, the first output of the synchronizer is connected to the fourth input of the second memory and the third input of the memory switch, the third output of which is connected to the third input of the corrector, the first output of which is connected to the fourth input of the memory switch, the third output of the second memory is connected to the fifth input to the first memory. 2. Accumulator of coordinates of thunderstorms of an aircraft lightning radar, containing identifier of a lightning flash (MB), at the first input of which the coordinates of the registered lightning detector MB are received, which is used to compare the coordinates of MB with the coordinates of already registered lightning storms, recalled from memory, to determine the thunderstorm to which the registered MB belongs by the criterion of proximity of the MB coordinates and the thunderstorm, and for computing the new coordinates of this thunderstorm, to which the registered MB belongs, and if the established criterion is not satisfied with any registered thunderstorm, then MB is considered unsettled and its ordinates stored in the memory during the time allotted for the registration of at least two MB for this time; the first memory intended for the accumulation of coordinates of thunderstorms; thunderstorm coordinate corrector, designed to correct thunderstorm coordinates in order to fend off the influence of the aircraft’s movement, the first input of which receives aircraft parameters: speed, course angle; a synchronizer, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the first memory and the second input of the corrector, moreover, the second input of the identifier is connected to the second output of the first memory, the first output of the identifier is connected to the second input of the first memory to transmit the calculated coordinates of the thunderstorms, characterized in that a second memory intended for the accumulation of coordinates of thunderstorms; memory switch; output switch, designed to alternately connect the indicator input to the first output of the first memory and the first output of the second memory according to the clock pulse of their alternate zeroing, moreover, the third input of the identifier is connected to the second output of the second memory for receiving thunderstorm coordinates, the second output of the identifier is connected to the first input of the second memory for transmitting the coordinates of thunderstorms to the memory, the third output of the first memory is connected to the first input of the memory switch, the first output of which is connected to the third input of the first memory, the second synchronizer output, designed to reset the memory, is connected to the second input of the second memory, the fourth input of the first memory and to the first input of the output switch, the third input of the second memory It is connected to the second output of the memory switch, and the first output of the synchronizer is connected to the second input of the output switch and the fourth input of the second memory, the first output of which is connected to the third input of the output switch, the fourth input of which is connected to the first output of the first memory, and the first output of which is connected to indicator, the third output of the second memory is connected to the second input of the memory switch, the first output of the corrector is connected to the third input of the memory switch, the third output of which is connected to the third input of the memory second, the first output of the synchronizer is connected to the fourth input of the memory switch.

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