RU2268115C1 - Gear shaping method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: working processes in machine engineering, manufacture of gear wheels.

SUBSTANCE: method is realized with use of rolling around process reproducing engagement of gear wheel pair. One member of said pair (worked gear wheel) is imparted to rotation. Other member (round built-up gear shaper) having grooves in which cutting teeth secured in axial direction by means of pressure ring are mounted is imparted to rotation and reciprocation motion. In order to enhance efficiency of working and to stabilize parameters of shaped gear wheels, in body of gear shaper radial grooves with mutually parallel lateral sides are formed. Teeth are secured to bottom of groove by means of screws arranged in axial grooves of body. Gear shaper is provided with retainer whose surfaces inclined relative to lengthwise axis engage with reciprocal inclined surfaces of teeth. Gear shaper is also provided with nut-tie rod screwed into its central opening and holding retainer with the aid of washer secured to nut-tie rod by means of screws. Before shaping after each regrinding of gear shaper, its teeth are adjusted due to aligning them according to initial diameter of teeth apexes. Then mounting screws are released, nut is screwed in body of gear shaper for drawing teeth apart in radial direction and mounting screws are tightened.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of working, stable parameters of shaped gear wheels.

2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering technology, in particular to the production of gears by gear grinding.

A known method of gear-grinding with a cutter, which includes a housing with a center hole and placed on it teeth with a mechanism for controlling their thickness [1]. This mechanism includes a sleeve made coaxially with the housing with protrusions located on its end surface and entering into the slots, which are made in the cavities between the teeth evenly relative to the center hole.

The disadvantages of the known method and the tool that implements it are, firstly, the constantly accumulating change in the front and rear corners of the cutter with each adjustment to compensate for the wear of the cutter by increasing its outer diameter, since the teeth of the cutter will diverge not in the radial direction, but at a certain angle to the vertical axis of the dolbyak, the value of which the front angle will decrease and the rear angle increase, which will lead to additional deviations of the cut profile s wheels; secondly, a tool operating according to the known method is not reusable, but only slightly increases the resource of re-sharpening, after the exhaustion of which its body (the most expensive part) becomes unusable and must be replaced with a new one, which makes the use of this method ineffective; thirdly, due to the low rigidity of the construction of the dolbyak, since each tooth is separated from each other by slots, the method can be used limitedly and only for gearing the wheels of small modules.

There is a method of gear cutting by a cutter, in the case of which the wedge-shaped grooves for installing cutting teeth are made inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the tool, and from the side of the rear end the cutting teeth are fixed by means of a retaining ring, and from the front end side are tightened with a nut [2].

The disadvantage of this method and the dolby implementing it is a complex tooth-based scheme in which there is no common base surface for them, and each tooth has an individual wedge-shaped base groove inclined to the longitudinal axis, laborious to manufacture. This requires an individual adjustment of each tooth to its groove, which complicates and increases the cost of tool assembly and the production of wheels cut by them.

In addition, the general fastening and fixing of the cutting teeth in the body of the cutter with the help of a clamping nut and a locking ring does not allow each tooth to be fixed reliably and guaranteedly, therefore, with the slightest deviations in the dimensions of the grooves and teeth, they will not be properly fixed and fixed, which makes this operation designs and method of gear breaking ineffective.

The objective of the invention is to increase the manufacturability and efficiency of gear-grinding by creating a reusable adjustable prefabricated cutter and stabilizing the parameters of the cut wheels by ensuring the constant outer diameter of the tool by extending the teeth of the cutter in the radial direction after regrinding.

The problem is solved using the proposed method of gear grinding of the gears by the rolling method, which engages the gears of a pair of gears, in which one element being machined is rotationally driven, and the other is rotated round cutter, in the case of which grooves are installed with cutting teeth installed in them. , fixed in the axial direction by means of a clamping ring, rotational and reciprocating movements are communicated, moreover, the grooves are made in the end face of the body of the dolbyak ra diagonal with parallel lateral sides, and the teeth are attached to the bottom of the groove with screws located in the axial grooves of the housing, while the dolby is equipped with a separator that contacts surfaces inclined to the longitudinal axis with the reciprocal inclined surfaces of the teeth, and a traction nut screwed into the central hole of the dolby and holding the separator with a washer attached to the tie nut with screws.

In addition, before processing, after each regrinding of the cutter, its teeth are adjusted by exposing them to the initial diameter of the tooth tops, for which release fixing screws are screwed into the cutter body, causing a radial spread of the teeth, and tighten the fixing screws.

The proposed method of gear grinding is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the gear cutting dolby implementing the proposed method a General view; figure 2 is a longitudinal section along the tooth; figure 3 is a longitudinal section through the cavity; figure 4 is a view A, from above, in figure 2; figure 5 is a view of B, from below, in figure 2; figure 6 is a General view of the housing, item 1; figure 7 - separator, longitudinal section, 10; Fig.8 is a separator, a General view from above, pos.10.

The proposed method of gear grinding of the gears is carried out by the rolling method, in which the engagement of a pair of gears is reproduced, with one rotational movement being communicated to one element being machined, and rotational and reciprocating movements being communicated to the other, to the round assembly cutter.

The gear cutter implementing the method consists of a body 1, on the end of which grooves 2 are made radial with parallel lateral sides and have cutting teeth installed in them, consisting of inserts 3 and cutting inserts 4 connected by screws 5. The inserts 3 are L-shaped in longitudinal cross-section and fixed on the housing 1 by screws 6 located in the axial grooves 7 of the housing 1, and the clamping ring 8 with screws 9. Dolbyak equipped with a separator 10, which contacts the surfaces 11 inclined to the longitudinal axis with the reciprocal surfaces ca. 3. When axial movement of the separator 10, the teeth will move in the radial direction. The separator 10 is located on the nut-rod 12, screwed into the central hole of the body 1 of the dolbyak, and is held on it with the washer 13, attached to the nut-rod 12 with screws 14.

Assembly cutter to work on the proposed method is carried out in the following sequence. In the Central threaded hole of the housing 1 is screwed nut-rod 12 with the separator 10 and the washer 13. Then, in the radial grooves 2 are inserted the teeth in the assembly. The manufacture of teeth is carried out in a technological building - a device similar in design to the body of the dolbyak itself. Screws 6 are screwed into the tooth inserts 3 and the clamping plate 8 is screwed with screws 9.

To adjust the teeth of the dolbyak, it is necessary to loosen the clamping screws 6, 9 and 14, turn the nut-rod 12, which together with the separator 10 will move in a vertical plane relative to the housing and cause the movement of the teeth of the dolbyak along the supporting surface of the bottom of the groove 2 of the housing 1 in the radial direction. After setting the required outer diameter, the teeth of the dolby must be tightened with the clamping screws 6, 9 and 14.

As you know, the degree of grinding of a cutter does not affect the correctness of cutting the teeth of the wheel. However, this is true only for the profile. When gearing in most cases, if you use a cutter of varying degrees of wear, you will get a different height of the tooth of the wheel, as well as different transition curve and the degree of overlap by processing the active part of the profile of the tooth of the wheel.

Meanwhile, the identity of the cut teeth in height or in overlapping by processing the active part of the profile in the production of gears is often a necessary condition, especially when cutting teeth for subsequent shearing, when overlapping by processing the working height of the profile of the teeth of the wheel at any time during operation of the tool is a categorical condition .

The problem arises: how to ensure the specified overlap by machining at any degree of grinding of the cutter, when not only the diameter of the circumference of the protrusions decreases, but also the parameters of the gearing change.

In a known manner, carried out by standard cutters, in which the rear angle at the apex is assumed to be constant and equal to 6 °, it is impossible to fulfill this requirement (if we consider cutting a specific wheel).

The traditional method of stabilization of the parameters of the cut wheel, in which the rear angle at the apex is not constant, but calculated, determined so that the reduction of the outer diameter of the cutter with each regrinding occurs in accordance with the condition of ensuring a constant height of the cut teeth or constant overlap by processing the active part of the profile [ 3]. The rear angle, therefore, cannot be considered only as an element that provides the proper cutting conditions; it also determines the stability of the shaping of the teeth of the wheel in height at various degrees of grinding.

Thus, the method and tool that allows you to cut wheels with stable tooth sizes should, in particular, differ from the standard ones in that the top angle at the top is a calculated value, depending on the specific engagement conditions of the cutter and wheel.

This method and tool will provide the specified conditions only for specific wheel parameters, and if the latter (number of teeth, tooth thickness, etc.) change, the identity of the cut teeth in height may be violated,

In the proposed method, stabilization of the parameters of the cut wheels is used, which ensures the constancy of the diameter of the tips of the teeth of the tool due to the radial movement of the teeth of the cutter after regrinding. Moreover, the diameter of the circle of the tops of the teeth in the initial section is taken as a constant diameter on which the teeth of the dolbyak are exposed.

The developed method of gear grinding with the help of a modular adjustable cutter allows you to:

1) increase the resource of regrinding and achieve stabilization of the parameters of the cut wheels, by restoring the diameter of the circle of the tops of the teeth of the dolbyak after regrinding;

2) to save expensive high-speed steel due to the repeated use of the cutter, which is very important for large-modular cutters;

3) to increase the efficiency of operation and maintainability of cutters due to the simplicity of design and the reliability of the teeth.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR 1627348, MKI B 23 F 21/10. Dolbyak / V.I. Denisenko and E.V. Gritskova. Application No. 4436366/08, declared 06.06.88, publ. 02/15/91. Bull. No. 6.

2. A.S. USSR 1268324, MKI B 23 F 21/10. Tooth-cutting dolbyak / P.R. Rodin, M.I.Olifirenko and V.V. Kostenko. Application No. 3911478 / 25-08, decl. 06/18/85, publ. 11/07/86. Bull. No. 41 is a prototype.

3. Romanov V.F. Calculations of gear cutting tools. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1969. - P.28.

Claims (2)

1. The method of gear grinding of the gears according to the rolling method, which reproduces the engagement of a pair of gears, in which one element — the machined wheel — is informed of rotational motion and the other is made of a round assembly cutter, in the case of which grooves are made with cutting teeth mounted in them and fixed in axial direction by means of a clamping ring, rotational and reciprocating movements are reported, characterized in that they use a cutter in which the grooves are made in the end of the housing radially parallel lateral sides, and the teeth are attached to the bottom of the groove with screws located in the axial grooves of the housing, while the dolbyak is equipped with a separator that contacts the surfaces inclined to the longitudinal axis with the reciprocal inclined surfaces of the teeth, and a traction nut screwed into its central hole and holding the separator with a washer attached to the tie rod with screws. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before processing after each regrinding of the cutter, its teeth are adjusted by exposing them to the initial diameter of the tooth tips, for which fixing screws are released, the nut-thrust is screwed into the cutter body, causing a radial separation of the teeth, and tighten the fixing screws.

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