RU226618U1 - Combined cultivator for surface tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, namely to tillage machines for surface tillage. A combined cultivator for surface tillage contains a frame, wheels with a mechanism for adjusting the tillage depth, loosening working parts, double-beam parallelogram frames and roller sections. On the lower beams of double-beam parallelogram frames there are two transverse beams with staggered harrow teeth, and on the sides of the frame to the right and left of the outer working bodies of the second row there are floating shields connected to the frame by means of two levers, which are equipped with a skid in the lower part, and in the rear part they have a section bent towards the machine, while the front of the two levers on each side is connected by a spring to a bracket on the frame; in addition, the roller slats are equipped with knives installed across them, arranged in a checkerboard pattern and protruding above the support disks and slats. The use of the proposed combined cultivator will improve the quality of soil crumbling and leveling of its microrelief.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, namely to tillage machines for surface tillage.

A combined cultivator is known, containing a frame, wheels with a mechanism for adjusting the depth of cultivation, loosening working parts mounted on the frame and spring-loaded sections of a roller, between the paws and the roller of which a tillage rod is installed, and the horizontal distance between the axes of the rod and the roller is greater than its diameter. The roller is made in the form of a drum with toothed slats or in the form of inclined toothed disk sections installed with overlap along the way. The rod is made without drive and is connected to the paw stands via flexible connections (patent RU 121982 U1; IPC A01B 49/02; published November 20, 2012, Bulletin No. 32).

The disadvantage of this cultivator is that in the process of loosening the soil with the rear row of loosening working bodies, due to the fact that they are coupled with a tillage rod, with variable soil drag, a significant amplitude deflection of their racks occurs, leading to a decrease in the quality indicators of the uniformity of movement of the loosening working bodies along depth. This process leads to the formation of wave ridges by the tillage bar in the transverse plane of movement of the cultivator in the form of pulled out blocks, which significantly reduces the subsequent process of crumbling, leveling and uniform compaction of the field microrelief by the spring-loaded sections of the roller.

A combined cultivator is known, containing a frame, wheels with a mechanism for adjusting the depth of cultivation, fixed loosening working parts and sections of the roller. A double-beam parallelogram frame is fixed to the frame, on the lower beam of which a transverse beam with sections of elastic levelers is installed in front of the roller section, and the distance between the loosening working bodies and the elastic levelers is equal to the length of the working body in the longitudinal plane, multiplied by 1.2, and the distance between the axis of the roller and elastic levelers is equal to the diameter of the roller, multiplied by 0.8, with each leveler consisting of a C-shaped elastic strut, bent in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the cultivator and having a rigid mount with a bracket on which strip-shaped harrows with a right bend of the strip are rigidly attached and the left bend of the strip, where the opening angle of the strips with right and left bends is in the range of 35...47 degrees, and their angle of inclination to the horizon is in the range of 45...60 degrees (patent RU 218321 U1; IPC A01B 49/02, A01B 49/ 00; published 05.22.2023, bulletin No. 15). The specified combined cultivator is closest to the proposed one in terms of technical essence and is accepted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that the outermost working bodies throw the soil outside the area of operation of the elastic levelers, which leads to incomplete leveling of the soil surface after the passage of the unit; also, the leveler placement pattern used in this cultivator does not ensure effective leveling of the ridges and furrows created by the loosening workers organs; in addition, the slatted roller used in the cultivator does not provide effective crumbling of large soil blocks.

The technical result of the utility model is to improve the quality of soil crumbling and leveling of its microrelief.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in a combined cultivator for surface tillage of soil, containing a frame, wheels with a mechanism for adjusting the depth of cultivation, loosening working parts, double-beam parallelogram frames and sections of rollers, in accordance with the utility model, two transverse beams with staggered harrow teeth; also on the sides of the frame to the right and left of the outer working bodies of the second row there are floating shields connected to the frame by means of two levers, which are equipped with a skid in the lower part, and in the rear part they are bent towards machine section, while the front of the two levers on each side is connected by a spring to a bracket on the frame; in addition, the roller slats are equipped with knives installed across them, arranged in a checkerboard pattern and protruding above the support disks and slats.

Knives mounted across the roller slats are placed on them with a pitch of S=80...100 mm, offset d=S/2 between knives on adjacent slats, located in the range of d=40...50 mm, overlap t, in the range of t=33...56 mm , while the length of the knives l _n is in the range l _n =112...135 mm, the gap l _h between the knives is l _h =45...54 mm, the height of the knife h _n =20...30 mm, the angular size of the knife ψ _n is in the range ψ _n =43...52°, and the angular gap ψ _{z is} equal to ψ _z =17...21°, also at the front end of the knife in the direction of rotation of the roller there is a bevel with a sharpening angle γ _n =33.6±3°.

There is the following cause-and-effect relationship between the set of essential features of a utility model and the achieved technical result.

On the lower beams of double-beam parallelogram frames there are two transverse beams with staggered harrow teeth, which ensures the destruction of large soil blocks and redistribution of soil from the ridges. This improves the quality of soil crumbling and leveling of the field surface.

On the sides of the frame to the right and left of the outer working bodies of the second row there are floating flaps connected to the frame by means of two levers, which are equipped with a skid in the lower part, and in the rear part they have a section bent towards the machine, with the front of the two levers on each side connected by a spring to a bracket on the frame, which prevents soil from being thrown out beyond the range of the teeth of harrows and rollers, thereby further improving the quality of soil crumbling and leveling its surface.

The roller slats are equipped with knives installed across them, arranged in a checkerboard pattern and protruding above the support disks and slats, while the knives installed across the roller slats are placed on them with a pitch S, in the range S=80...100 mm, offset d=S/2 between knives on adjacent slats, located in the range d=40...50 mm, overlap t, in the range t=33...56 mm, while the length of the knives l _n is in the range l _n =112...135 mm, the gap l _h between the knives is equal to l _з =45…54 mm, knife height h _Н =20…30 mm, the angular size of the knife ψ _Н is in the range ψ _Н =43…52°, and the angular gap ψ _{З is} equal to ψ _З =17…21°, also at the front end of the knife in the direction of rotation of the roller, a bevel is made with a sharpening angle γ _n = 33.6 ± 3°, which ensures longitudinal cutting and transverse flattening of soil blocks, resulting in improved quality of soil crumbling, additionally improving the quality of leveling the soil surface and creating soil microrelief corresponding to agricultural requirements.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a side view of a combined cultivator.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a top view of a combined cultivator.

In fig. Figure 3 shows a front view of the combined cultivator.

In fig. Figure 4 shows view A of the cultivator.

In fig. Figure 5 shows a section B-B of the skating rink.

In fig. 6 shows the track of the skating rink.

The combined cultivator contains a frame 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 3), wheels 2 with a mechanism 3 for adjusting the working depth, loosening working parts 4, double-beam parallelogram frames 5 and sections of rollers 6. Two transverse beams are installed on the lower beams 7 of the double-beam parallelogram frames 5 8 with staggered teeth 9 of the harrow 10. On the sides of the frame 1 to the right and left of the outer working bodies 4 of the second row there are floating shields 12 connected to the frame 1 by means of two levers 11, which are equipped with a skid 13 in the lower part, and in the rear the parts have a section 14 bent towards the machine, while the front of the two levers 11 on each side is connected by a spring 15 (Fig. 4) to a bracket 16 on the frame 1. The slats 17 (Fig. 5, 6) of the rollers 6 (Fig. 1 . located in the range S=80...100 mm, offset d=S/2 between knives 18 on adjacent slats, located in the range d=40...50 mm, overlap t, in the range t=33...56 mm, while the length of the knives is l _n is in the range l _n =112...135 mm, the gap l _h between the knives is l _h =45...54 mm, the height of the knife h _n =20...30 mm, the angular size of the knife ψ _n is in the range ψ _n =43...52 °, and the angular gap ψ _{з is} equal to ψ _з = 17...21°, also at the front end of the knife in the direction of rotation of the roller, a bevel is made with a sharpening angle γ _n = 33.6 ± 3°.

The combined cultivator works as follows. During the processing process, the loosening working bodies 4 cut and loosen the soil layer, creating ridges and furrows behind them. The side floating flaps 12 slide on skids 13 along the soil to the right and left of the outermost working bodies 4 of the second row, preventing soil from being thrown out beyond the range of action of the teeth 9 of the harrow 10 and rollers 6, and the bent sections 14 located at the rear of the flaps 12 throw away part of the soil from the line of their movement inward, preventing loading of the soil along the line of movement of the flaps 12, while the spring 15 connecting the front of the two levers 11 on each side with the bracket 16 on the frame 1 prevents the flap 12 from being torn off from the soil surface when passing through uneven microrelief, excluding gaps in his work. The teeth 9 of the harrow 10 level the soil surface and destroy soil blocks. Rollers 6, the slats 17 of which are equipped with knives 18 installed across them, arranged in a checkerboard pattern and protruding above the support disks 19 and slats 17, and also having a bevel 20 in the front of the knife 18, rolling over the soil surface, they first act on the soil lumps with knives 18, carrying out longitudinal cutting of blocks, after which the bars 17 of the roller 6 act on the blocks, which ensures effective two-stage crumbling of soil blocks, and also helps to increase the leveling effect of the roller.

The use of the proposed combined cultivator will improve the quality of soil crumbling and leveling of its microrelief.

Claims (2)

1. A combined cultivator for surface tillage, containing a frame, wheels with a mechanism for adjusting the depth of cultivation, loosening working parts, double-beam parallelogram frames and sections of rollers, characterized in that two transverse beams with staggered teeth are installed on the lower beams of the double-beam parallelogram frames harrow, while on the sides of the frame to the right and left of the outer working bodies of the second row there are floating shields connected to the frame by means of two levers, which are equipped with a skid in the lower part, and in the rear part they have a section bent towards the machine, while the front of two levers on each side are connected by a spring to a bracket on the frame; in addition, the roller slats are equipped with knives installed across them, arranged in a checkerboard pattern and protruding above the support disks and slats. 2. The combined cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the knives installed across the slats of the rollers are placed on them with a pitch S, in the range S = 80...100 mm, a displacement d = S/2 between the knives on adjacent slats, in the range d=40...50 mm, overlap t, in the range t=33...56 mm, while the length of the knives l _n is in the range l _n =112...135 mm, the gap l _z between the knives is l _z =45...54 mm, knife height h _n =20...30 mm, the angular size of the knife ψn is in the range ψ _n =43...52°, and the angular gap ψ _z is equal to ψ _z =17...21°, also at the front end of the knife in the direction of rotation of the roller there is a bevel with a sharpening angle γ _n =33.6±3°.